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Asia
• Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)
• Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British)
Christianity
• Means of diffusion of Christianity• Migration of colonists to new lands• Influence of Catholic and Protestant colonists,
who carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands
• Conversion of indigenous peoples
Portugal• Hoped to end Muslim control and turn the
Indian Ocean into the “Portuguese lake”• Forced conversions of natives to Christianity• Expanded their empire to control coastal port
cities in east Africa, India, SE Asia, • For most of the 1500’s Portugal controlled the
spice trade between Europe and Asia
Dutch• The Dutch were the first to challenge Portuguese
control of Asian trade• Captured Cape Town in South Africa as a
strategic foothold in Africa to enable expansion into Asia
• Dutch East India Company- independent of the government, operated by a private group of wealthy merchants
• Power to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern territories
Spanish• Spain takes over the Philippines– Claimed by Magellan for Spain in 1521
• Renamed for King Phillip II of Spain• Catholic missionaries converted the natives• Link to trade in Asia– Silver from Americas shipped to Philippines and
used for trade with China and Spice Islands
England• Mughal India was powerful and granted trade
rights to Europeans, then became weak• Europeans fought for control• England eventually forced acceptance to control
most of northern India• British East India Company maintained most
control in India
China
• Ming China: China demanded gold or silver in exchange for Chinese goods
• Europeans were limited to trade in Canton for a specific amount of time
• Missionaries were welcomed in China as a source of information and cultural exchange but did little to convert the people to Christianity
China• Machus established the Qing dynasty• Maintain policy of limited contact with the
Europeans• 1793- Lord McCartney arrives on a British
diplomatic mission– Refuses to kowtow– Brings goods as samples, Chinese think they are tribute– Assumed European superiority– Offended the Chinese– Negotiations falter
Korea and Japan• Korea refused all outsiders due to constant
invasion from Japan and China• Japan welcomed westerners at first• Jesuits found Japanese curious about
Christianity, spread religion• Shoguns feared growing numbers and Christians
were persecuted, missionaries were expelled from Japan
• Began to only allow 1 or 2 Dutch ships a year at an island in Nagasaki harbor