Which significant

people, groups and

ideas emerged

between the

1300’s and

1700’s?

The Renaissance

• Renaissance means “new life” or “rebirth”

• This time of new ideas took place for around 300 years.

• It provoked thoughts of wanting to know more and more about the world, people, art & literature.

• A big concept of the Renaissance was the art that emerged.

Michelangelo was a Renaissance artist and poet (1475-1564) who was born in Florence, Italy.

He created many marble sculptures mainly of biblical characters. He was the artist of the phenomenal Sistine Chapel in Rome, which took him four years to complete.

He inspired many people, especially with the way he depicted the human body as powerful. His inspiration to paint and sculpt will have come from his brief classical education that dealt with the literature, art, and life of ancient Greece and Rome. When he was 12, he was already developing his skills, not taking after his father (who was a respected government agent), becoming an apprentice to the most popular painter in Florence. He then stopped painting, and began sculpting. His main part in the Italian Renaissance would be art, though he was not well known for his poems. He is said to have known a long poem by Dante Alighieri by heart.

Michelangelo Buonarroti and his

Role in the Renaissance

Influences...

Nude figure- the renaissance brought

about the first nude art since antiquity, as the Church frowned upon

them. Detail- all the art became more life-like

Biblical characters were made to teach people

stories, since most people were illiterate.

Merchants waiting- Italians were influenced

by a lot of different cultures, since they were a peninsula and traded

goods with a lot of different places

Wooden ships that were three-masted and lateen-rigged, had oars that were used in calm waters and for entering and leaving port.

Trade in ideas and goods boomed in the renaissance. There

was a lot of communication between places.

The ReformationThe reformation was a religious motion of the 1500's that led to the division of Protestants and Catholics.

It was provoked by Martin Luther, who was a dedicated Christian, but was also a humanist thinker, as well as some other scholars.

Luther pinned a list of 95 objections to the Church teachings to a door of a cathedral, and was excommunicated for this action.

This exploit was deemed to change peace in religion forever.

The supporters of Martin Luther (and protesters against the Church) became known as Protestants, and it then became that Europe was divided into Protestants and Catholics.

This caused many, many wars of religions for years to come.

John ColetJohn Colet was an English scholar, teacher and priest.

He influenced the reformation of the church in England.

Colet was a founder of the modern approach to biblical studies.

He was a very well- learnt young man, and he applied principles of secular scholarship to sacred texts, including the letters of St. Paul.

He also translated St. Paul’s letters to that of a man attempting to teach Christianity to a non-Christian world.

While a priest, Colet addressed against the worldliness of the clerics and the church courts, and the worshipping of artefacts, which arose suspicions of dissension.

Church Teachings &

Humanist ViewsHumanist views have the philosophy that people are logical and reasonable beings. The nobility and value of the individual was emphasized. Humanism is the belief that humans can help themselves with little help from God.

Church teachings say that the law of god is to be followed without question. It means that the people couldn’t depend on themselves, and what they thought was right, to make society flourish, but what god says is right.

The Scientific Revolution

The scientific revolution was a period of time where new theories and ideas arose about science.

The Europeans didn’t count on ancient concepts about medicine, biology and astronomy anymore.

Galileo Galilei’s Discovery

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) put in contention the ancient idea that earth was in the middle of the universe.

He was convinced the theory, proposed by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, was true. The theory is what we know is true in modern day science, that all planets, including earth, revolve around the sun.

Influences...

Galileo built his first telescope in 1609. It

was not the first telescope to be built, but he was the first to

observe celestial objects and record his

discoveries.

Geometric compass- this object allowed the users such as builders, to complete complex calculations in maths, geometry and physics.

Galileo was the first to offer mathematical and scientific proof of the Copernican view of the solar system.

In the Scientific Revolution, Isaac Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which we are taught in school today.

This is an extract from Andreas Vesalius’ book. Vesalius was

the founder of modern anatomy

The EnlightenmentThe enlightenment took place in Europe in the 18th century.

Enlightenment thinkers were philosophers.

They were opposed to anyone ruling with total dominance.

Marquis de Condorcet

Marquis de Condorcet was a French philosopher who believed human nature could be perfected, and that the past showed humans progress towards an enlightened civilization.

It was his belief that evils were created by inadequate rules created by priests and rulers.

He supported the French revolution, but he was arrested as an enemy of the revolution. He committed suicide in prison on March 29, 1794.

The Printing Press

Before the printing press, all books

and letters were written out by

hand, which was tiresome, and also took up valuable

time.

Johannes Gutenberg

enjoyed reading books and

manuscripts, so he tried to invent a cheaper way of printing books. He

failed many times, but

eventually came up with an idea that worked.

This idea was a machine that had wooden blocks with

letters carved in them inserted

into the machine. Added to this was ink, and the paper the text was to be printed on.

The letters could be re-arranged (moveable text) to change the

words for different pages.

This was an improvement on block printing,

quicker and a lot cheaper.

Throughout the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, many ideas emerged that have shaped the world as we know it. Such as the laws of physics, where the world is in relation to the sun, printers, the anatomy of the human body, the protestants & catholics, and several more. These ideas have brought the world out of the Middle Ages and evolved into the modern intelligent world we live in.

BIBLIOGRAPHY• Creech, James. "Condorcet, Marquis de." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Available from:

http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar128750&st=marquis+de+condorcet [10 Mar. 2012.]

• Creech, James. "Enlightenment." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Available from: http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar007150&st=enlightenment [10 Mar. 2012.]

• Findlen, Paula. "Galileo." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Available from: http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar215300&st=galileo+galilei [11 Mar. 2012.]

• Raitt, Jill. "Erasmus, Desiderius." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Available from: http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar183660&st=erasmus [10 Mar. 2012.]

• Saldais, M., & Smith, R. (2012). History 8 Australian curriculum. South Melbourne, Vic., VIC: Oxford University Press.

• Sedivy, D. (2002, September 16). Scientific revolution and the enlightenment. . Available from: http://mrsedivy.tripod.com/enlite.html 11 Mar. 2012

• Smith, R. (2006, March). All-about-renaissance-faires.com. Retrieved from http://www.all-about-renaissance-faires.com/renaissance_info/renaissance_and_humanism.htm. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.

• Waggoner, R. L. (1996, MAY 04). Sociology. Retrieved from http://www.thebible1.net/biblicaltheism/chartsocioc.htm. Web. 11 Mar. 2012

• Weber, E. (2011). www.learner.org. Retrieved from http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/printing.html. Web. 11 Mar. 2012