Which environmental problem affects large areas in both the Amazon Basin and central Africa?

1. deforestation2. nuclear waste3. acid rain4. air pollution

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2

In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests as a means of

1. achieving economic prosperity 2. increasing the national debt 3. controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples 4. preventing exploitation by imperialist nations

3

Which of the following demonstrates “desertification”?

1.Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest.2.Knights in shining armor headed towards Jerusalem.3.Winds coming off the Sahara devouring valuable Egyptian farmland4.An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan generating a tidal wave

4

The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil and the effects of acid rain on the forests of North America and Europe demonstrate that

1. the nations of the world have been successful in protecting the environment 2. problems in one region of the world can adversely affect the environment of another region 3. each nation must act alone to solve its environmental problems 4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world

Which ENVIRONMENTAL problem affects large areas in both the Amazon Basin and central Africa?

1. deforestation2. nuclear waste3. acid rain4. air pollution

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6

In the 1980’s, the governments of both Brazil and Malaysia supported the cutting of timber in their rain forests as a means of

1. achieving economic prosperity 2. increasing the national debt 3. controlling rebellions of indigenous peoples 4. preventing exploitation by imperialist nations

The process is known as deliberate “deforestation”

Trees are cut for $$$ … making furniture … building houses

7

Which of the following demonstrates “desertification”?

1.Malaysians chopping down trees in the rainforest.2.Knights in shining armor headed towards Jerusalem.

3.Winds coming off the Sahara devouring valuable Egyptian farmland4.An earthquake occurring off the coast of Japan generating a tidal wave

Desertification = desert sands expanding … covering land

8

The results of the destruction of the rain forests of Brazil and the effects of acid rain on the forests of North America and Europe demonstrate that

1. the nations of the world have been successful in protecting the environment

2.2. problems in one region of the world problems in one region of the world can adversely affect can adversely affect the environment of another region the environment of another region 3. each nation must act alone to solve its environmental problems 4. natural resources are scarce throughout the world

Age of Exploration

• Caused by:* Search for “Water Route” (Spices)* Gold * Glory * God

• Technological improvements- Maps, Compass,

• $$ CAPITAL $ $ to fund Expeditions

• Crusades help lead to Imperialism9

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Pre-Columbian CivilizationsCivilizations

• OLMECSOLMECS:: Mexico

- 1200 BCE- ceremonial temples & writing

• MAYASMAYAS in Mexico and Guatemala: - temples, palaces, math, calendar, writing system

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Pre-Columbian CivilizationsCivilizations

• AztecsAztecs in Mexico

- warriors- cities, palaces, writing, empire

• IncasIncas in Andes Mountains … Peru - built cities, irrigation systems - empire connected by trails - record keeping system 13

PRE - COLUMBIAN

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Pre-Columbian CivilizationsCivilizations• ResultsResults:

- Cultural diffusion + Columbian Exchange - gold & silver

- disease - Food (corn, tomatoes, tobacco)

• Transatlantic Slave Trade … Middle Passage / Triangular Trade

• Colonialism- rigid CLASS System

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Which two groups had the most influence on Colonial Latin America?

1. Holland and Protestantism2. Spain and the Roman Catholic Church3. Italy and Oceanography4. Germany and the Holocaust

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40. In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by

(1) education (3) birth (2) wealth (4) power

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Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?

(1)The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.

Which two groups had the most influence

on Colonial Latin America?

1. Holland and Protestantism

2. Spain and the Roman Catholic Church3. Italy and Oceanography4. Germany and the Holocaust

. . . The Crusades . . .

. . . Imperialism . . .

. . . . . . Mercantilism . . . 21

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40. In the traditional Hindu caste system and in the social hierarchy of colonial Latin America, the status of a person was usually determined by

(1) education (3) birth (2) wealth (4) power

Social hierarchy = structure … how things are arranged … the pecking order

23

Which statement describes an impact

that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?

(1)The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth. (2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague. (3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs. (4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.

Latin America: Latin America: INDEPENDENCE INDEPENDENCE

• INDEPENDENCEmovements 1810 - - - > - Simon Bolivar … “Gran Colombia” - Jose de San Martin - Miguel Hidalgo - Touissaint L’Ouverture

• From independence to the middle of the 20th Century POWER held by military landowners24

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Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?

1. Nations of Latin America won independence.2. Revolutions occurred in North America and France.3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule.

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Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo, Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about              1. a decline in the power of the military 2. independence for Latin American nations 3. the use of technology in manufacturing 4. the defeat of native people by the Europeans

Which of these situations

was the direct result of the other three?

1. Nations of Latin America won independence.2. Revolutions occurred in North America and France.3. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule.

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29

Touissant L'Ouverture, Father Miguel Hidalgo, Jose de San Martin, and Simon Bolivar helped to bring about             

1. a decline in the power of the military

2. independence independence for Latin American nations for Latin American nations 3. the use of technology in manufacturing 4. the defeat of native people by the Europeans

30

Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia” was

1. to turn South America into a confederation of states similar to that found in the United States.2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago.3. name a Spanish colony for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus.4. into a major sea-going nation.

31

Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?

1. Nations of Latin America won independence.2. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.3. Revolutions occurred in North America and France.4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule.

32

For the majority of people in Latin America ... the wars fought against the Spanish for freedomin the early 1800s

1. made them extremely wealthy2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish3. did not change their everyday lives, nor improve their standard of living4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule

33

During the early 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by

1. the American & French Revolutions of the 1700s2. Ancient Egypt & Ancient China3. Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900s4. the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

34

Simon Bolivar’s idea of “Gran Colombia” was

1. to turn South America 1. to turn South America into a confederation of states into a confederation of states similar to that found similar to that found in the United States.in the United States.2. to make the nation of Colombia reach the same height of civilization has had the Incas centuries ago.3. name a Spanish colony for the world renowned explorer Christopher Columbus.4. into a major sea-going nation.

35

Which of these situations

was the direct result ofresult of the other three?

1. Nations of Latin America won independence.2. The Napoleonic wars weakened Spain's power.3. Revolutions occurred in North America and France.4. Creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule.

36

For the majority of people in Latin America ... the wars fought against the Spanish for freedomin the early 1800s

1. made them extremely wealthy2. made them dependent on the Dutch instead of the Spanish

3. did not change their everyday lives, nor improve their standard of living4. prepared them for immediate democratic rule

37

During the early 1800s, Miguel Hidalgo and Simon Bolivar, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by

1. the American & French Revolutions of the 1700s2. Ancient Egypt & Ancient China3. Russian & Chinese Revolutions of the 1900s4. the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

The people underlined are all “nationalistic” leaders… They fought for independence from Spain: Father Miguel Hidalgo … for Mexico Simon Bolivar … for South America .. Originally from Venezuela

• 1950s .. Cuba .. Fidel Castro leads Communist Revolution

• 1970s ... Economic trouble .. 1 crop economies depend on world market prices

• Nicaragua .. 1980s .. Short lived communist rule

• 1980s .. Move towards democratic governments .. Many nations

POST World War II:POST World War II: Latin AmericaLatin America

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One similarity between the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Chinese Revolution of 1949,and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 is that they all

1. brought communist governments to power.2. failed to overthrow existing governments.3. led to world wars.4. were fought to free ethnic minorities. 41

The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of

(1) Confucius (2) Napoleon(3) Otto von Bismarck(4) Karl Marx

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43

“The Andes isolated the Incas and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia.”This statement indicates that

1. fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism 2. a common language and religion are important in modern nations 3. cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture 4. the natural environment helps to shape political development

44

For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single cash-crop economies has led to

1. unstable economies as world market prices rise and fall2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to increase3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food exceeds demand

One similarity between the Russian/Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Chinese Revolution of 1949,and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 is that they all

1. brought communist governments to power.2. failed to overthrow existing governments.3. led to world wars.4. were fought to free ethnic minorities.

The revolutions mentioned were led by Lenin, Mao Zedong & Fidel Castro.Each won the support of the peasants by promising LAND REFORM.

45

The political ideas of Fidel Castro, Ho Chi Minh, and Pol Pot were strongly influenced by the writings of

(1) Confucius (2) Napoleon

(3) Otto von Bismarck

(4) Karl Marx

Main concept .. “COMMUNISM” ..Karl Marx wrote about the “worker’s (proletariat) revolution in “the Communist Manifesto”This idea was picked by Lenin & Stalin (USSR) and Mao Zedong & Deng Xiaoping (Communist China) + the people mentioned in the question.

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47

“The Andes isolated the Incas and also defeated the dream of Gran Columbia.”

This statement indicates that

1. fighting over natural resources undermines nationalism 2. a common language and religion are important in modern nations 3. cultural diversity is aided by subsistence agriculture

4. the natural environment 4. the natural environment helps to shape helps to shape political development political development

48

For many Latin American nations, the reliance on single (1)single (1)

cash-crop economies has led to

1. unstable economies as world market prices rise and fall2. long-term economic progress as exports continue to increase3. an increased standard of living for the majority of farmers4. increased agricultural surpluses as production of food exceeds demand

Cash crop = something you grow with the intention of selling it to earn $$$ … if the price for it on the world market drops & it’s the only thing you’re growing you’re sunk

Fidel Castro since the Fall of SOVIET COMMUNISM

Fidel is still in power.. But is Cuba is havingeconomic difficulty .. Because it no longerreceives $$$ fromthe Soviet Union

49

What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba?

1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular Communist leader.

2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured the prosperity of the Cubans.

3. Castro is struggling to maintain a Communist state.

4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the United States.

50

What is the main idea of this cartoon about Cuba? 1. The people have rebelled against their unpopular Communist leader.

2. Fidel Castro's strong Communist leadership has assured the prosperity of the Cubans.

3. Castro is struggling to maintain a Communist state. 4. Castro's regime is being destroyed by the policies of the United States.

NOTE: Castro & Cuba are NOT the only ones struggling to survive since the end of Soviet Communism.- While Castro & Cuba are still communist .. many former communist Eastern European nations + Russia are still struggling as they change from a command economy to a capitalist one. Russia is also struggling to change politically from totalitarianism to democracy

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• Common Market … Common Market … EuropeEurope

. . . EEC - - - > EU. . . EEC - - - > EU … - Euro ($) - … … - Euro ($) - …

• NAFTA … NAFTA … Latin AmericaLatin America

GLOBAL COOPERATIONCOOPERATION

52

The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported         the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this agreement would      1. raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico.        2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence on Europe.        3. promote investment and economic growth in Mexico.        4. stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America.

53

   Which idea is illustrated by the fact that:

         the United States buys lumber and coffee from Brazil                 and          Brazil buys computers and electronics from the United States  

            1. isolationism             2. self-sufficiency             3. imperialism             4. interdependence

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55

Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most accurate?

1. The European Union dissolved because of disagreements among its members. 2. The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe. 3. Some nations are now being forced to become members of the European Union. 4. The European Union has recently expanded to include North African nations.

The major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported         the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that this agreement would      1. raise tariffs on United States products entering Mexico.        2. reduce Mexico’s economic dependence on Europe.        3. promote investment and economic growth in Mexico.        4. stimulate trade between Asia and Latin America.

. . . EU (European Union) . . . 56

   Which idea is illustrated by the fact that:

         the United States buys lumber and coffee from Brazil                 and          Brazil buys computers and electronics from the United States  

            1. isolationism             2. self-sufficiency             3. imperialism             4. interdependence

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58

Which statement about the European Union (EU) is most accurate?

1. The European Union dissolved because of disagreements among its members.

2. The goal of the European Union is to improve the economic prosperity of Europe. 3. Some nations are now being forced to become members of the European Union. 4. The European Union has recently expanded to include North African nations.

EU … EEC … Common Market … NAFTA = lower tariffs … taxes on imports … make goods cheaper to buy

GLOBAL ISSUES

Can appear

• in multiple choice questions

• in Essays

–Thematic

–DBQ

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GLOBAL ISSUESISSUES

• Human Rights (Civil Liberties) • Overpopulation• Disease

• desertification• deforestation

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GLOBAL ISSUESISSUES

• Pollution … air, water, & land• nuclear proliferation (nuclear

weapons)

61

During the late 20th century, in which area did deforestation become a serious problem?

1. Great European Plain 2. Amazon Basin 3. Deccan Plateau 4. Great Rift Valley

62

Deforestation, acid rain, and the greenhouse effect are major world problems that indicate a need for

1. cooperation between nations to reduce pollution and environmental destruction 2. the development of mass transit systems in developing nations 3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil 4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of the world

63

During the late 20th century, in which area did

deforestation become a serious problem?

1. Great European Plain

2. Amazon Basin 3. Deccan Plateau 4. Great Rift Valley

HINT:… Another term for “deforestation” = cutting down rainforests

64

Deforestation, acid rain, and the greenhouse effect are major world problems that indicate a need for

1. cooperation between nations to reduce

pollution and environmental destruction 2. the development of mass transit systems in developing nations 3. an increase in the worldwide production of oil 4. a reduction in crop production in some areas of the world

HINT:… Multiple term question all relating to “AIR POLLUTION” 65