Where is Industry Located? Europe Western Europe United Kingdom Industrial Revolution What did the I.R. create? Rhine-Ruhr Valley Important industrial

Where is Industry Located?

• Europe

• Western Europe

• United Kingdom

• Industrial Revolution

• What did the I.R. create?

• Rhine-Ruhr Valley

• Important industrial area

• Three Countries


• Mid-Rhine

• Central Industrial area in Europe

• Close to Iron Fields in France

• Northern Italy

• Po River Basin

• Textiles


• Eastern Europe

• Russia

• 19th Century – Central and St. Petersburg Industrial Districts

• 20th Century – Volga and Ural Industrial Districts

• Eastern Russia – Kuznetsk, Eastern Ukraine, and Silesia


• North America• Industrial Revolution came after England

• U.S. Industrial Areas

• The Northeast

• New England, Mid-Atlantic, Mohawk Valley, Pittsburgh – Lake Erie, Western Great Lakes

• Canada’s industrial areas


• East Asia

• Industrial power After WWII

• South Korea

• Taiwan

• Japan

• Tokyo-Yokohama

• Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto

• China

• World’s second largest Manufacturer

Why do Industries have Different Distributions?

• Situation Factors – Transporting materials to and from a factory

• Site Factors – The unique characteristics of a location


• Situation Factors

• Proximity of Inputs

• Transportation increases costs. Put your plant close to your resources and the market.

• Copper Industry

• Bulk-reducing Industry

• Most copper is in Arizona, so the manufacturers are in Arizona.


• Situation Factors

• Proximity of Inputs

• Origin of Steel Industry

• A Bulk-reducing industry

• James Watt

• Henry Cort

• Abraham Darby

• Henry Bessemer


• U.S. Steel Industry

• Iron Ore in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota

• Steel mills in Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit

• Later, more mills in the Mid-west

• Recently more have been built in Los Angeles, Baltimore, and Trenton, New Jersey

• Steel industry is changing in the U.S.


• Proximity to Markets

• Bulk-Gaining Industries

• Soft Drink Bottling

• Fabricated metals and machinery

• Televisions, Refrigerators, Air conditioners, Cars, Motorcycles

• Single-market manufacturers

• Perishable Products

• Food, newspapers, etc.


• Ship, Rail, Truck, or Air

• Ship – Slow but Cheap

• Rail – Longer distances

• Truck – short distances

• Air – Quick but Expensive

• Break-of-Bulk points

• Transferring goods from one mode of transportation to another costs money

Situation Factors Activity.Answer the following on the back of the map.

1)What raw materials do you need to make your product?2)Where are you going to get your raw materials?3)Is yours a bulk-reducing or a bulk gaining industry? Explain.4)Where are the markets you are going to sell to?5)How are you going to get your product to the markets are cheaply as possible?

Boat costs 20$, Train costs 40$, Truck costs 50$ per load.6)Draw a picture of a factory where you want your factory.7)Explain how come you put the factory in that location.


• Site Factors

• Labor

• Labor-intensive industry

• Not the same as a “High-Wage Industry”

• The textile industry is labor intensive, requires less skilled, low-cost workers


• Labor Intensive Example: Textile production

• Textile and Apparel Spinning

• Making thread was done by women

• A “Cottage Industry”

• Making Thread has changed since 1768



• Textile and Apparel Weaving

• Weaving requires more labor than Spinning

• LDCs produce much of the world’s fabric

• China and India dominate fabric production



• Textile and Apparel Assembly

• Four products: Garments, carpets, home products, and industrial uses

• The sewing machine made clothes easier to put together

• Different locations produce different types of clothing.


• Land• Land is critical for production• Not all land is good• Land near water is/was considered the

best• Capital

• Finances help create the business• Often businesses pop up close to

financial institutions• Loans can help LDCs manufacturers

Where is Industry Expanding?

• Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing

• United States

• Before 1970, manufacturing was predominantly in the Northeast

• After 1970 the shift has been to the West and South.

• Right to Work laws

• What do the West and South provide?


• Interregional Shifts in Manufacturing

• Western Europe

• Shift from the northwest to the east and south

• European Union assists regions with lagging industrial development

• Spain


• New Industrial Regions• Asia

• China• Thailand• India

• Latin America and South America• Mexico• Brazil

• Central Europe• Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary

Why are location Factors Changing?

• ATTRACTION OF NEW INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

• Proximity to low-cost labor

• US, located near immigrant centers

• Location to interstate highway system

• Cost in wages

• Outsourcing

• Transfers jobs to LDCs


• RENEWED ATTRACTION OF TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

• Proximity to skilled Labor

• “Fordist” workers – No education necessary

• “Post-Fordist” workers – Need skills

• Teamwork

• Problem Solving

• Leveling


• Just-in-Time Delivery

• Reduces the amount of money tied up in wasteful inventory

• Must locate factories near suppliers

• Disruptions can be a problem

• Labor unrest

• Acts of god

Documents

Where is Industry Located? Europe Western Europe United Kingdom Industrial Revolution What did the I.R. create? Rhine-Ruhr Valley Important industrial