Where does cork come from?

Cork comes from a specific type of oak tree, Quercus suber, which grows in Spain and Portugal.

This is magnified cork.

What do the boxes remind you of?

Robert Hooke called them cellulae (Latin for “small rooms”) because they reminded him of jail cells. The boxes are actually cells. (Bark is dead and the cell walls are all that is left of the cells. The cell walls now enclose air.)

• Look at your own fingertips and you will see ridges and valleys that make up fingerprints.

• Look closely at the fly wing and the blade of grass.

• As interesting as all these close ups are, they are just the beginning of the story. What do they all have in common?

CELLS!

• More than 100,000,000,000,000 cells are found in an adult human!

• We have about 155,000 cells in every square cm of our skin.

• Humans have about 30 billion cells in our brain.• In our blood, we have about 20 trillion red blood cells.• Many microscopic organisms consist of just a single cell. • Despite our complexity, we begin our lives as single

cells.• Questions about life – from ecology to behavior, from

evolution to reproduction – must be partly answered at the level of the cell because cells are the basic units of life.

• How are these cells alike? Different?

Cell Organelles

2. Cytoplasm

• jelly-like material that fills the cell• organelles are suspended in it • also, many chemical reactions occur here

3. Nucleus

• is the control center of the cell• contains genetic material (chromosomes)• surrounded by the nuclear membrane

» nucleus

4. Ribosomes

• make protein for the cell (protein synthesis)• look like little spheres• found on endoplasmic reticulum or loose in cytoplasm

5. Endoplasmic reticulum

• the internal transport system of the cell (like hallways in our school)

• canals of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous through the cytoplasm

• rough E.R. is lined with ribosomes

6. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)

• stacks of flattened membrane sacs• serve as processing, packaging, and storage

centers for the products released from the cell (think of “bagger” bagging groceries to take out of store)

7. Mitochondria• food such as glucose is broken down here and

energy is produced; called cellular respiration• often called the powerhouse of the cell because

it produces energy (ATP)

8. Vacuoles

• provide storage for the cell (think cupboard)• unicellular organisms have specialized vacuoles:

*food vacuoles – help digest food

*contractile vacuoles – maintain water balance

Contractile Vacuole

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3COug4&feature=related

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ynm5ZOW59Q

Go here to view cool vid…

Chunk!

• What do all organisms have in common?• Describe the cytoplasm and its jobs.• What is the function of the nucleus?• Describe ribosomes and their job.• What do Golgi bodies do?• What is an analogy for the ER, and its job?• Describe mitochondria, and their function.• What is an analogy for a food vacuole?• What role do contractile vacuoles play in a cell?

9. Centrioles

• found in animal cells, near the nucleus• cylindrical organelles that aid in cell reproduction (helps make spindle fibers)

10. Chloroplasts• only found in plant and algae cells• site of photosynthesis (making food using light)• have the green pigment chlorophyll which

absorbs light (red and blue are best!)

11. Cell Wall

• only found in plant and algae cells

• supports and protects cell and is non-living

4 Differences between plant and animal cells

• only plant cells have

*cell walls

*large vacuoles to store wastes

*chloroplasts• only animal cells have centrioles

Chunk!

• What are centrioles, and what do they do?

• What is the function of chloroplasts, and where are they found?

• What colors of light do they absorb best?

• Describe the cell wall.

• Describe 4 differences btwn plant and animal cells.

• Name the organelles.• What type of cell is this, and how did you know?

• Name the organelles.• What kind of cell is this, and how did you know?

Diagram of a typical animal cell.Organelles are labeled as follows: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome Cell membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Cytoskeleton Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Vacuole Cytoplasm Lysosome Centriole

JFF!

Sources of Images• Corks - http://blogs.seattleweekly.com/voracious/cork.jpg• Magnified cork - http://www.enologyinternational.com/cork/microscopic.jpg• Hooke’s microscope - http://efrafandays.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/hooke.jpg• Privet leaf - http://sols.unlv.edu/Schulte/Anatomy/Leaves/PrivetLeaf.jpg• Neuron -http://www4.alief.isd.tenet.edu/cahowe/AP%20Biology/powerpoints/PAK%2015%20Animal

%20Systems_files/slide0005_image008.jpg• Paramecium - http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec02/paramecium.jpg• Blood cells - http://medsci.indiana.edu/histo/docs/lab3_2.htm• Fly wing - microscopy-uk.org.uk • Blade of grass – gettyimages.com• Numbered cell - www.chebucto.ns.ca/.../PIC/Biological_cell.png• Ribosomes - http://www.biology4kids.com/files/art/cell_ribosome3.jpg• Protein synthesis - http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/biology/assets/interact05.jpg• ER - www.ccs.k12.in.us/.../image002.jpg • Color photomicrograph of RER - http://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/L/1/rougher.jpg• Golgi - scienceblogs.com/.../07/golgi_maturation.php• Mitochondria - http://202.114.65.51/fzjx/wsw/website/mit/cb/org/mito.gif • Vacuole - http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01942/plcells/thinkquest/cell232.jpg• Contractile vacuole - http://www.mrteacherdude.com/tests/biology/bio2/bio2sum05prac2_files/i0430000.jpg• Centrioles - http://missbakersbiologyclasswiki.wikispaces.com/file/view/centrioles.jpg/50436271/centrioles.jpg• Centrioles in mitosis - http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cellpix/spindle.gif• Animal cell diagram - www.bchs.k12.va.us/.../assets/animalcell.gif • Chloroplasts in cells, diagram -www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255atp/elodea • Light and chloroplast - http://www.torahscience.org/natsci/images/chloroplast.jpg• Cell wall - biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/Cell.html