Volume 15 Number 1 / February 2011 e39

are 13 separate sections in the handout). Presentors select themost relevant articles in their topic sections from the handoutto give a quick powerpoint overview of these most important ar-ticles.Learning Objectives: Attendees will be able to implement the latestclinical and basic science research into their clinical practices to im-prove patient care and treatment in a variety of areas of pediatricOphthalmology.

142 When the patient sees double and the doctor sees nothing.Melinda Rainey, Cheryl McCarrus, Kyle Arnoldi, Jorie Jackson,Rich Freeman, Aaron MillerRelevance: Diplopia can be distressing to both the patient and theclinician. Though some cases are straightfoward, there are thosethat present with no obvious cause, those in which the symptomsare not consistent with the clinical signs, and those that seem todefy relief with all but occlusion. These are the types of casesthat bring a busy clinic to a grinding halt! They take time, patience,and sometimes creativity. Enter the orthoptist. This workshop willcover the diagnosis and management of diplopia and related binoc-ular visual symptoms whose cause is either not readily apparent, orunusual.Delivery Formats: The format of this wokshop will be case presenta-tions, with panel discussion and audience participation.Content: Examples will include paradoxical diplopia with anomalousbinocular vision, central loss of fusion, atypical monocular diplopiaand retinal diplopia, amoung others. Algorithms for diagnosis andmanagement will be presented to assist the clinician in timelywork-up and effective treatment.Learning Objectives: At the end of this workshop, attendees will beable to: 1, Decipher the patient's symptoms to determine whether ornot true diplopia is the problem; 2, Peform an efficient and directedsensorimotor exam to reveal the likely casue of the symptoms; 3, De-vise an effective treatment to address the patient's symptoms andmaximize patient satisfaction.

143 Legislative Committee update. John W. Simon, Oscar Cruz,Kathy Lee, Michael X. RepkaRelevance: Access of patients to pediatric ophthalmologists is likelyto be influenced by activities in the political arena.Format: Summary discussions of developments on three fronts willbe presented by committee members in a panel, with ample opportu-nity for audience participation.Content: (1) During the year since the Legislative Committee'ssymposium at the 2010 annual meeting, activity on the optometricmandatory pre-K examination initiative has continued across thecountry. We will update the membership on legislative contests inseveral states, including the optometric effort to extend the compre-hensive examination law in Missouri. (2) Members of the inter-organizational committee have worked to build bridges with otherstake-holders, including the State Ophthalmologic Societies andthe National Association of School Nurses. (3) In coordination withthe American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Committee hasworked to define the pediatric vision benefit mandated as "an essen-tial health benefit" under new federal legislation. We will presentstrategies to ensure that vision care in school- and community-basedhealth centers is cost effective.Learning Objectives: At the completion of this workshop, attendeeswill be able to identify the political forces that will shape the accessof patients to pediatric ophthalmologists and to help implement cost-effective care under new federal health care legislation.

Journal of AAPOS

144 OMIC: A watchful eye on retinopathy of prematurity. PaulWeber, Robert GoldRelevance: This workshop will review and discuss hospital-basedprograms for screening and follow-up of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). Based on 2006 U.S. birth statistics, 86,523 live births werevery pre-term (\32 weeks) and 63,309 live births were very low birth-weight (\1500 g). Relying on this data and current American Acad-emy of Pediatrics ROP screening guidelines, one ophthalmologistestimates that there may be as many as 450,000 ROP screening ex-aminations performed in U.S. NICUs each year. These statistics un-derscore the fact that ROP screening and follow-up are primarilyhospital-based. American Hospital Association data indicates thatover 1,100 hospitals in the United States have NICUs. Reflectinga commitment to quality of care and patient-safety, some hospitalsare adopting a systematic approach, utilizing one central NICUROP coordinator (ROPC), to ensure that premature infants receivetimely ROP screening and follow-up.Delivery Formats: A panel of ophthalmologists and others that haveexperience with ROP screening examinations will review a model in-terdisciplinary hospital-based ROP screening and follow-up protocol.Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of this workshop ophthalmol-ogists will be able to implement appropriate accepted protocols forthe evaluation and management of infants with ROP.

145 Cataract surgery in children: Complicated cases, trends, andcontroversies. M. Edward Wilson, Rupal H. Trivedi, Erick D. Bothun,Edward G. Buckley, Scott Lambert, David PlagerRelevance: Cataract surgery in children is evolving. It remainsuniquely challenging and substantially different from surgery inadults. In addition, new cataract surgery innovations developed foradult eyes may or may not be appropriate for children. This workshopis presented on behalf of the Pediatric Clinical Committee of theAmerican Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and willpresent a 2011 update of trends and controversies in pediatriccataract surgery.Delivery Formats: The workshop is mostly video-based usingcomplicated cases and those with complications. Word slides areused only as an update of a trend or controversy. Panel and audiencediscussion will be used throughout.Content: The following topics will be discussed and/or illustrated: (1)IOL choice (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic ; multifocal vs monofocal) invarious situations including sulcus, capsular bag, young children,older children; (2) capsular controversies including the elastic cap-sule, capsular fibrosis, posterior capsule defects, and after-cataracttreatment; (3) 20-gauge, 23-gauge or 25-gauge instrumentation; (4)the use of trypan blue, triamcinolone, intracameral antibiotics.Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of the workshop, attendeeswill be able to list the list the pros and cons of the use 20-, 23-,or25-gauge instruments, select appropriate patients for multifocal oraccommodating IOLs, and discuss the approach to complicated cat-aracts in children.

146 New insights into amblyopia: Perceptual deficits andtreatment. Agnes Wong, Robert Hess, Benjamin ThompsonRelevance: Amblyopia is a visual impairment caused by disruption ofvision during early childhood. In addition to acuity and contrast sen-sitivity loss, it is also associated with higher-order perceptual defi-cits. Amblyopia is often thought to be incurable in adult patientsbecause of a lack of neuroplasticity after the critical period of devel-opment. In this workshop, we will review the most recent develop-ments in amblyopia research, including how amblyopia affects the