WHEELS & TIRESWHEELS & TIRES

What Tires Are Made Of…What Tires Are Made Of…

Raw Rubber Steel Nylon Polyester Rayon

Carbon Black Synthetic

Rubber Fiberglass Aramid Brass

What Is Pneumatic Tire?What Is Pneumatic Tire?

One that is filled with compressed air

All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires.

First device to damped road shock

Who Invented The First Who Invented The First Pneumatic Tire?Pneumatic Tire?

John Dunlop in 1887 1890 he began the

Dunlop Rubber Co in Dublin Ireland

Why are Tires Black?Why are Tires Black?

To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays.

A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.

To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays.

A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.

Bias Ply TireBias Ply TireBias Ply TireBias Ply Tire

The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply.

Tread is bonded directly to the top ply.

A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from bead to bead.

Belted Bias TireBelted Bias Tire Is a bias tire with

belts added to increase tread stiffness.

These belts are also ran at a different angle.

These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.

Radial Ply TireRadial Ply Tire Has plies running

straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread.

This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.

Tire CutawayTire Cutaway

Tire Sidewall InfoTire Sidewall Info

Tire SizeTire Size

Load IndexLoad IndexP195/60R15 87S - The load index (87) is the tire size's assigned numerical value used to compare relative load carrying capabilities. In the case of our example the 87 identifies the tires ability to carry approximately 1,201 pounds.The higher the tire's load index number, the greater its load carrying capacity.89 = 1,279 pounds88 = 1,235 pounds87 = 1,201 pounds86 = 1,168 pounds85 = 1,135 pounds

Speed RatingSpeed Rating

Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph U 124 mph H 130 mph V 149 mph W 168 mph Y 186 mph Z Above 149 mph

TIRE GRADINGTread Wear – Tire life expectations

– 100 is base line, 150 is 50% better

Traction Rating – Braking capabilities

– A, B, C designationsTemp. Rating – Ability to withstand extreme heat

– A, B, C designations

Tire PressureTire Pressure Should be check monthly Should be checked cold For every 10° Fahrenheit change in air

temperature, your tire's inflation pressure will change by about 1 psi

The EPA says your mileage drops 1% for every 2 pounds under the recommended tire pressure.

                  

Tire Pressure PlacardTire Pressure Placard Use the tire pressure recommended in your vehicle's

owner's manual or tire information placard

Effects of Low Tire Pressure Effects of Low Tire Pressure Over InflationOver Inflation

Effects of Low Tire Pressure Effects of Low Tire Pressure Under InflationUnder Inflation

Effects of Mismatched TiresEffects of Mismatched Tires

Different Manufactures Different sizes New and/or used tires Effects on speedometer Effects on ABS/Traction Control Systems Effects on vehicle handling

CuppingCupping

BulgeBulge

Chunk OutsChunk Outs

CracksCracks

Side Wear & FeatheringSide Wear & Feathering

Static BalanceStatic Balance

Equals out wheel tramp

Dynamic BalanceDynamic Balance

Equals out wobble

Tire PullTire Pull Defective/damaged tires Bent wheel (rim) Excessive shoulder wear Excessive feathering

Tire Pressure MonitoringTire Pressure Monitoring Warns of significant lose of tire pressure First used on 1994 Corvette All cars & LD Trucks must have TP system by

2008 Two types: Direct and Indirect

Direct TP Warning SystemDirect TP Warning System Computer controlled (BCM) w/ radio

transmitters in wheels (pressure sensors) Transmits actual TP of each tire Displays on IPC Diagnostic capabilities

Indirect TP Warning SystemIndirect TP Warning System ABS based system, using existing ABS hardware, w/

software mods Changes in TP affect tire circumference, affecting tire

speed Sensors monitor each wheels speed, compairs to one

another Approx. 7 psi difference to trigger warning

Run Flat TiresRun Flat Tires Temp. supports

weight of vehicle with no air pressure

Internal support, thicker side walls, stronger beads.

Can maintain Mobility for 50 miles up to 55 mph

The End for this tireThe End for this tire