Wheat CAP: Mapping of Wheat Quality

E. Souza - USDA-ARS, Wooster C. Sneller, M. Guttieri, N. Smith – Ohio State University

AcknowledgmentsJorge Dubcovsky, UC Davis, – Project CoordinatorJamie Sherman, Montana State Univ. – Outreach CoordinatorCarl Griffey, Virginia Tech – Eastern US CoordinatorDuc Hua, Ohio State – Technical flour analysisAnne Sturbaum, USDA-ARS, Wooster – Association MappingGina Brown-Guediera, USDA-ARS Raleigh – Genotyping support

Mapping Project LeadersJ. Johnson – GA, C. Griffey – VA, H. Ohm, - IN, M. Sorrells – NY, C. Sneller - OH

Wheat Coordinated Agricultural Project

• Comprehensive mapping effort for wheat characteristics of economic value

• Manipulation of previously mapped or marked genes for the development of new varieties

Quality Traits for Marker Assisted Selection• Gluten Strength

– HMW Glutenins Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1– LMW Glutenins Glu-A3– Gliadins Gli-D1– Rye Translocations 1B/1R, 1A/1R

• Protein Concentration– Gpc-1

• Grain Hardness – Softer Hard Wheat PinA => PinB on 5D– Multiple loci for softness – Pina-Am1 on 5A

Quality Traits for Marker Assisted Selection• Pre-harvest sprouting

– Phs-1– Vp1

• Semolina color– Lr19 rust resistance linked to yellow pigment

• Starch structure – Amylose reducing (Waxy) Wx-1A, Wx-1B, and

Wx-1D

Effect of Glutenin and Rye Translocations in an Association Mapping Population with Genetic State

Determined by Markers 187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments,

2007-2008.Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using

DArT markers

Glu-1Da

(2+12)

Glu-1Dd

(5+10)

Lacticacid

111.8% 118.3%

No. ofCultivars

125 51

1BL:1RS

RyeTransloc.

1BL:1BS

NoTransloc.

Lacticacid

103.3 % 114.6 %

No . of Cultivars

12 174

Difference sig. @ p<0.0015 Difference sig. @ p<0.0004

PI Pedigree Size Markers # of Envs

Sorrells Foster/Kanqueen 90+ 254 SSR and AFLP

(DArTs added)

3 (NY, OH)

Ohio State Foster/PIO 25R26 175 163 SSR 4 (OH, NY)

Johnson SS 550/PIO 26R46 150 153+ SSRs 4 OH

2 GA to do

Griffey Jaypee/USG 3209 125 220 SSR, 363 DArT 5 (VA,NC)

Ohm 92201/91193 190 383 DArT and SSR 4 (IN, NY, OH)

Sorrells Cayuga/Caledonia 155 256 SSR and AFLP

(DArTs added)

4 for Starch,

2 for others

Ohio State, USDA SWQL

Association Mapping:

Historical set

187 ~600 DArTs, SSRs, others

Populations & CurrentPhenotyping & Genotyping

• Water absorption • Starch damage• Pentosans• Flour Yield

• Gluten strength

• Softness Equivalent (SE)(break flour yield)

• Flour Protein (PRO)

• Test Weight (TW)

Key Components of Soft Wheat Quality Measured By OSU

ACT LIKE ONE TRAIT

Fl. Yield

WaterPentosan

Starch Dam.

r = -0.60, -0.90

42 Trait/Population combinationsSummary of R2 (x100) for 218 QTL

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Prote

in

Glu S

treng

th

Wat

er A

bs.

Starc

h Dam

.

Pento

san

Flour Y

ield

Soft E

qiv.

Trait

Nu

mb

er

of

QT

L

< 10

10 to 20

20 to 30

> 30

58% QTL < 10%28% QTL 10-20%14% QTL > 20%

R2 (x100), Location, Population of Three Largest Effect QTL

1st 2nd 3rd

Protein 26%, 1BL, 9/9 25%, 2BS, F/K 24%, 2BS, F/25

Glu Strgth 38%, IBCL, F/K 32%, 1BCL, F/25 31%, 1BCL, S/26

Water Abs 27%, 6BC, S/26 25%, 1BL, 9/9 25%, 1BL, F/K

Starch Dam 57%, 2BS, F/K 28%, 1BCL, J/U 28%, 1BL, 9/9

Pentosans 25%, 1BCL, J/U 24%, 2BS, F/25 22%, 6BC, S/26

Fl. Yield 30%, 1BCL, F/25 27%, 2BS, F/K 16%, 2BS, F/25

Soft Eq. 23%, 2BS, F/K 20%, 5AS, F/K 16%, 3BS, S/26

10/21 QTL from 1B7/21 from 2BS

R2 (x100) of QTL on 2B Short Arm

Fo/K Fo/25 S/26 Ja/U 9/9 Ca/C

Protein 25 24 19

Glu Strgth 9 5

Water Abs 18 2 11 9

Starch Dam

57† 7 11 10 12

Pentosans 17 24 8 7 8

Fl. Yield 27 16 8

Soft Eq. 23 13 5

= not significant † 90 lines

Association Mapping Populationof 187 Soft Winter Wheat Cultivars, 2007 & 2008

Grown in IN, KY OH, NY, and VA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

< 1900 1901-1910

1911to

1920

1921to

1930

1931to

1940

1941to

1950

1951to

1960

1961to

1970

1971to

1980

1981to

1990

1991to

2000

> 2000

Year of Release

Nu

mb

er o

f E

ntr

ies

Effect of Milling QTL Chromosome 2B in an Association Mapping Population – XBarc10 marker

187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments, 2007-2008.

Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using DArT markers

Barc10303 bp

Barc10

297 bp or

300 bp

BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)

56.5% 58.8%

No . of Cultivars

87 91

Barc10303 bp

Barc10

297 bp or

300 bp

BreakFlour(Allis Mill)

30.7 % 33.5 %

No . of Cultivars

87 91

Difference sig. @ p<0.0007 Difference sig. @ p<0.0001

Effect of Dwarfing and Photoperiodism in an Association Mapping Population with Genetic State Determined by

Markers187 Soft winter wheat cultivars grown in 7 environments,

2007-2008.Background genetic effects adjusted by genetic similarity using

DArT markers

Tall Semi-dwarf

Rht1 or 2

BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)

56.1% 58.8%

No . of Cultivars

70 112

P-period

Insensitive

P-period

Sensitive

BreakFlour(Softnessequiv.)

57.7 % 57.7 %

No . of Cultivars

46 129

Non-significant differenceDifference sig. @ p<0.0001

Discussion Points

• In soft wheat many of the quality traits are positively associated in terms of desirability– e.g. greater flour yield and lower water absorption

• Quality traits in all mapping populations are highly heritable

• Most of the quality traits are complex – multiple places in the genome