WHEAT & BARLEY NEWSLETTER - IIWBR · 24/5/39 T. aestivum cv. Highbury / Aegilops mutica (2130012) 131 147 117 17 56 19.2 46.7 51.7 34 31/1/1 T. aestivum cv. Pavon 76 / Aegilops mutica

A Half Yearly PublicationICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal

(An ISO 9001-2015 certified Institute)

WHEAT & BARLEY NEWSLETTER

Director's MessageA record production of 99.70 million tonnes of wheat with a consistent barley output (1.7 million tonnes), in the past Rabi season (2017-18), has given much thrust and enthusiasm to research fraternity as well as farmers during the ongoing Rabi season (2018-19) which reckons for another unparalleled production. The current season has started on a good note during the sowing time and the prolonging cool weather is highly conducive to the crop expecting a gargantuan output. The Government’s policy decision on increasing the support price by 1.5 times the cost of production i.e., from ̀ 1735 to ̀ 1840 (+ ̀ 105: 6.1%) and ̀ 1410 to ̀ 1440 (+ ̀ 30: 2.1%) respectively per quintal of wheat and barley, to ful�il the commitment to the farmers to provide 50 per cent returns over the production cost has been a remunerative reason for farmers to allocate more area under wheat and barley.

Sustainable wheat and barley production along with increasing the farmer’s welfare amongst several challenges takes the forefront of ICAR-IIWBR’s

thvision. The research priorities set during the 57 AICRP on wheat and barley researchers meet held at Ranchi and being implemented in the ongoing crop season and is expected to have a desirable output and outcome on research and development front. ICAR-IIWBR has been proactive in strengthening the wheat and barley value chain. Regular monitoring followed by dissemination of timely advisories on plant protection to our clients is being done through multiple platforms including social media. On research front, ICAR-IIWBR is honoured to receive the BGRI Stewardship, a team award for signi�icant contribution in wheat production towards food security. MoU with 54 seed companies have been made to reinforce the seed delivery system. In terms of technology transfer, the institute has also launched ‘Jou Jankari’, a Mobile App (android platform) for barley farmers and stakeholders which furnish information on latest production and protection technologies.

ICAR-IIWBR is focussed and committed to serve the diverse interests of multitude farming community and other stakeholders through technological interventions and the overall progress is laudable. I acknowledge the support from the Council, co-operators and research partners for ending this year on a high note and wish to carry forward the accomplishments in 2019 as well.

Jai Kisan, Jai Vigyan.

(GP Singh)

ISSN 0972-6071

Editorial Board

• Anuj Kumar• Bhumesh Kumar• Charan Singh• Mamrutha HM• Sendhil R• Gopalareddy K• Ramesh Chand• Abhay Nagar• GP Singh

Published byDr. GP SinghDirectorICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley ResearchKarnal-132001, Haryana (India)E-mail : [email protected] : 0184-2297490Fax : 0184-2267390Website : www.iiwbr.org

PhotographyRajinder Kumar Sharma

Contents

• Research Reports• Celebrations• Meetings/Programmes/Events • Training Programmes Organized• Training Programmes Attended• Deputation Abroad• Distinguished Visitors• Extension Activities• Award/Recognition• New Joinings• Superannuation

July - December, 2018Volume 12 (2)

Table 1. Genotypes having high Zinc, Iron, Protein and Agronomic Traits with National/International Check

02

CROP IMPROVEMENT

Developing donors for high zinc, iron, and protein content through pre-breeding in wheat

BS Tyagi, Ashish Ojha, Pradeep Kumar, Gyanendra Singh, Sindhu Sareen and GP Singh

ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal

Wheat is a cereal grain which is India's main staple food. Green revolution in India had a great impact on wheat productivity resulting into surplus food production from the ship to mouth era. Hidden hunger and micronutrient de�iciency retards the growth and development of both crops and humans. All living organisms require essential mineral micronutrients to maintain metabolism and humans obtain these from their diet. Worldwide over 2 billion people suffer from iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and/or other (multiple) micronutrient de�iciencies. In India, 48% of children under the age of 5-10 years have zinc/iron or some other micronutrient de�iciency. Zinc de�iciency causes so many health problems in humans like, lower immune system, diarrohea, appetite, psychological disorders, delayed growth and even negative effect on foetus during pregnancy.

A set of 21 Amphidiploids with 4 international checks received from the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom under DBT-BBSRC project and 4 Indian checks (2 aestivum + 2 durum) were evaluated for zinc, iron, protein content, agronomic traits and disease resistance. They were planted continuously for 3 years in simple randomized block design with 4 rows of 2.5 meter plots in replication at IIWBR-Hisar farm and IIWBR-Karnal.

Agronomic traits like days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), plant height, (PHT), thousand grain weight (TKW), and chlorophyll content index were also recorded. Zinc and iron estimations were performed using an Oxford instruments X-Supreme 8000 �itted with 10 place auto sampler, holding 40 mm aluminum vials. The disease data particularly yellow rust, brown rust, powdery mildew and spot blotch were also recorded to identify disease resistant lines. Wide variation or diversity was observed in most of the lines/genotypes for agronomic traits like DTH, DTM, PHT, TKW, CCI, protein content, grain zinc and iron contents. The highest content of zinc (78.4 ppm), iron (62.9 ppm) and protein (19.9 ppm) were found in line

July-December, 2018Volume 12 (2)

RESEARCH REPORTS

Wheat & Barley Newsletter, ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal

EC/IC No. Cross Name/EC/IC No. DTH DTM PHT SPL CHL Protein Fe Zn TKW

(cm) (cm) (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (g)

98/3 Chinese Spring / Secale anatolicum (P 208/142) 110 152 126 12 46 18.0 62.9 75.9 36

28/1/46 Chinese Spring / Aegilops mutica (213004) 103 147 127 17 47 19.9 53 73.6 37

23/1/25 Chinese Spring /Thinopyrum bessarabicum (531712) 125 157 135 16 48 16.5 50.2 59.7 39

33/2/1 Chinese Spring / Ae. umbelullata (554410) 105 148 113 13 57 17.5 51.2 78.4 34

24/5/39 T. aestivum cv. Highbury / Aegilops mutica (2130012) 131 147 117 17 56 19.2 46.7 51.7 34

31/1/1 T. aestivum cv. Pavon 76 / Aegilops mutica (2130012) 137 145 135 12 53 17.9 45.1 60.1 38

EC787008 T.turgidum L. cv. Macoun x Thinopyrum bessarabicum 128 159 135 15 51 18.9 48.8 77.3 34

EC787012 T.turgidum L. cv. Azazaih x Thinopyrum bessarabicum 117 159 129 17 55 16.8 51 46.8 36

EC787013 T.turgidum L. cv. Stewart x Thinopyrum bessarabicum 127 153 136 17 58 16.9 50.9 53.8 32

EC787014 T.turgidum L. cv.Chinese Spring x Thinopyrum bessarabicum 105 132 134 12 45 17.1 45.6 61.6 34

International Check

T. aestivum cv. Paragon © 116 148 115 13 51 17.4 44.8 49.6 40

T. aestivum cv. High bury © 113 149 113 13 53 17.9 42.9 46.6 42

T. aestivum cv. Chinese spring © 108 147 129 11 48 16.6 41.4 43.6 40

T. aestivum cv. Pavon 76 © 91 131 108 12 47 16.8 41.7 47.7 44

Indian Check(aestivum/durum)

MACS 6222 © 91 118 97 11 54 11.3 44.9 40.9 48

HI 8498 © 92 119 86 9 48 12.5 43.3 40.2 59

KRL 210 © 84 114 96 9 54 11.5 42.8 36.2 49

HD 2967 © 92 132 101 11 49 12.3 40.6 35.9 49

03

Chinese Spring/Ae. umbellate, Chinese Spring/Secale anatolicum and Chinese Spring/Aegilops mutica. In all the crossed lines, the zinc and iron content was r e c o r d e d h i g h e r a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e international/indigenous checks. However, these lines have lowest range of TKW (32-39 g) but most of the lines have highest chlorophyll content (45-58ppm) as compared to the checks. The top 10 lines were identi�ied on the basis of the zn, iron, protein and chlorophyll content as shown in Table-1.

correlation analysis of these traits showed signi�icant and positive correlation between grain Fe and Zn content (r=0.67), between grain zinc and grain protein (r=0.57) but negative correlation was observed between TKW & protein (0.806). Chlorophyll content (r=0.05) indicated improvement for Zn and Fe contents.

It may be concluded from the study that the selected lines having good potential in micronutrient content can be used as donors in hybridization programmes aimed to develop higher Zn, Fe and protein content in wheat.

Evaluation of dwarf bread wheat genotypes for yield and component traits

SK Singh, Suresh Kumar, RP Gangwar, Snehanshu Singh and P Sharma


Thirty eight dwarf genotypes were selected from segregating generations of 6 different cross combinations and evaluated for yield and component traits along with check variety DBW 93 and two registered genetic stocks namely, DM 6 and DM 7. The analysis of variance indicated signi�icant differences among the genotypes for all the traits under study except spike length and spikelet number per spike. Table-2. A wide range of variability was observed for all the traits. The genotypes yielded 26.2 to 71.8q/ha with mean trial yield of 46.9q/ha. These dwarf plants have plant height of 62-75 cm with mean height of 69cm and harvest index of 34.3% with range of 25.0 to 39.7%. The character association indicated highly signi�icant correlation of grain yield with days to maturity, tiller number, 1000-grains weight and harvest index. Among the genotypes, WAPD 15-21 was the highest yielding


Table 2. Performance of dwarf bread wheat genotypes for yield and component traits

WAPD 15-21 67.4 1 69 94 131 14 23 134 83 36 39.6 5S

WAPD 15-31 61.4 1 70 94 132 12 23 140 95 29 36.0 5S

WAPD 15-22 58.8 1 70 94 132 12 25 135 71 30 34.8 5S

WAPD 15-08 58.4 1 69 92 131 13 25 135 72 38 39.0 0

WAPD 15-11 56.8 1 67 98 133 12 23 153 72 32 37.8 0

WAPD 15-32 56.6 1 64 99 131 11 23 126 68 35 35.5 0

WAPD 15-12 56.0 1 65 97 131 11 23 150 74 34 32.9 5S

WAPD 15-19 55.4 0 65 96 132 12 23 113 68 37 36.9 5S

WAPD 15-26 54.0 0 68 96 133 14 23 170 73 31 28.4 20S

WAPD 15-18 53.8 0 69 95 132 12 27 120 89 33 38.6 5S

WAPD 15-29 52.2 0 70 99 131 12 23 121 57 34 37.4 0

WAPD 15-17 50.4 0 68 96 131 12 27 145 74 32 29.6 5S

WAPD 15-15 50.2 0 67 97 132 14 25 182 68 32 31.4 10S

WAPD 15-30 49.6 0 70 99 133 12 25 135 70 34 38.2 5S

DBW 93 (C) 48.0 0 95 93 129 10 20 104 61 41 33.3 60S

DM 6 (C) 26.2 0 66 92 129 11 27 163 64 21 32.8 60S

DM 7 (C) 27.4 0 62 91 129 13 25 165 71 18 25.0 60S

CD (5%) 11.6

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04

stgenotype (67.4q/ha) and it made 1 non-signi�icant group along with entries WAPD 15-21, WAPD 15-31, WAPD 15-22, WAPD 15-08, WAPD 15-11, WAPD 15-32 and WAPD 15-12.

The promising entries having higher yield than the check variety DBW 93 and registered genetic stocks with plant height of 70cm or lesser were identi�ied as potential genetic resources. These lines also have better level of resistance to yellow rust pathotypes. These may be further evaluated under agronomical manipulations at variable inputs for yield and associated traits.

Prioritizing the hot spot locations for screening wheat genotypes under drought and heat stress in India

Mamrutha HM, Rinki, R Sendhil and GP Singh


Projected changes in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events are expected to negatively impact the global food production, especially wheat yields owing to its sensitivity to climate change. India being the subcontinent re�lecting al l global environmental conditions is greatly prone to micro environmental changes. In this scenario, there is an urgent need to relook into our abiotic hot spot centers for their consistency to use them for wheat germplasm screening. The present study attempts to analyze the status of hotspot locations for drought and heat stress for wheat screening in India in terms of their stress intensity index. We developed a unique analytical approach considering 11 years daily weather data (2006-2017) for different weather variables like maximum and minimum temperature, maximum and minimum humidity and rainfall for the wheat crop season to rank 15 experimental locations according to their stress intensity index for heat(HSII) as well as drought (DSII). Principal component analysis based indexing revealed that some of the locations like Dharwad, Indore, Pune and Parbhani are maintaining high stress intensity and a few centers like Kanpur, Faizabad and Malda are having lower stress intensity (Fig-1). Interestingly, Ranchi, a center which was not recognized much as a hot spot earlier, but over years started to experience high stress and Durgapura which was recognized much as a hot spot for abiotic stress is experiencing relatively lower stress in the recent decade. The result also indicates that the changes in minimum humidity have contributed signi�icantly for the stress intensity in most of the study locations. The

outcome of the study will help researchers in prioritizing the experimental sites for screening wheat under abiotic stress in limited resource scenario and also to understand the micro environmental changes. It also supports in screening of wheat germplasm in potential hotspot centers under climate change scenario.

Characterizing variation for agronomical, physiological and quality traits in bread wheat

BS Tyagi, Gopalareddy K, Pradeep Kumar, Ashish Ojha, Gyanendra Singh, Sindhu Sareen and Hanif Khan


Wheat is an important staple food and most widely grown cereal of the world as well as in India. The world's population is increasing day by day; it is expected to be 8.4 billion by the year 2025. The selection ef�iciency in any breeding programme for higher yield depends upon the variability available in germplasm. Therefore, advance breeding materials developed by the hybridization among diverse source of valuable genes, were used to characterize and identi fy the wheat germplasm for different agronomical, physiological and quality traits. The present experiments were conducted at research �ields of Indian Institute of Wheat and barley Research, Karnal (29° 43' N, 76° 48' E, 245 MSL), India. In the present study, a set of 75 advance wheat genotypes (developed by IIWBR, Karnal) and 03 checks (HD 2967, DBW 88 and HD 3086) were used for the study of different agronomical, physiological and quality traits. This experiment was conducted using RBD statistical design with two replications during rabi season 2017-18. Each genotype was planted in a six rows plot of four meter length with spacing of 23cm between rows and


Fig. 1 The RADAR graph showing the intensity of locations for heat and drought stress


05


10cm between plants within rows. All the standard agronomical practices (dose of fertilizer, irrigation at all critical stages, roughing) were followed to raise normal crop from sowing to till harvesting of crop. Observations were recorded for days to �lowering, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), tillers per meter, protein content (%), moisture content (%), normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), canopy temperature (CT-1at heading and CT-2 at anthesis stage) and chlorophyll content index (CHL-1 at heading and CHL-2 at anthesis stage).

The range and mean of the genotypes for all the traits are presented in Table-3. Days to �lowering and plant height ranged from 64-93 (with mean value 80) and 80-125 (with mean value 99) respectively. Similarly, spike length and tillers per meter ranged from 10-16 (with mean value 12) and 69-145 (with mean value 103) respectively. The value of 1000-grain weight and protein content ranged from 23-49g (with mean value 38g) and 11-15% (with mean value 13%) respectively. Similarly, the value of NDVI at heading and anthesis stage range from 0.72-0.87 (with mean value 0.81) and 0.71-0.86 (with mean value 0.81) respectively. Canopy temperature at heading and anthesis stage range from 13.7-18.3 and 18.6-24.6 whereas mean value was 15.74 and 21.43 respectively. Chlorophyll content index at heading and anthesis stage range from 40.95-56.05 and 43.05-57.25 while means value was 47.48 and 50.04 respectively. The mean values of breeding materials was high and/or desirable for days to �lowering, plant height, spike length, 1000 grain weight, protein content and CT at heading and anthesis stage. While mean values was low for tillers per meter, NDVI at heading and anthesis stage and grain yield as

compared to best check but there are some genotypes which give superior performance than best check for single or multiple traits. The genotype (PBS-1823) showed superior performance for grain yield along with low CT at heading and anthesis stage (cooler environment), high 1000-grain weight and long spike length over best check. Out of 75 genotypes, eight genotypes viz., PBS-1805, PBS-1806, PBS-1807, PBS-1822, PBS-1810, PBS-1826, PBS-1828 and PBS-1129 were found to be better than best check for 1000-grain weight and protein content based on mean value. These genotypes show high genetic variability and good potential over checks and also represent unique sources of valuable genes for 1000-grain weight, protein content and had low CT at heading and anthesis stage, therefore it may be concluded from the study that the selected lines can be used as donors in hybridization for improving yield and quality traits in wheat.

A s s e s s m e n t o f g e n e t i c v a r i a b i l i t y a n d identi�ication of superior genotypes for yield and quality traits in durum wheat

BS Tyagi, Pradeep Kumar, Ashish Ojha, Gyanendra Singh, Gopala reddy K and Venkatesh K


Among all cultivated wheat spp., bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) are the most important ones. Globally, durum wheat is grown on only 8 to 10% of the cultivated wheat area. India is one of the leading durum producing countries in the world with acreage of around 2.5 million hectares and production nearing 3.5 million tonnes. The present experiments were conducted at research �ields of Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal

Table 3. Performance of bread wheat genotypes for agronomical, physiological and quality traits

Character Genotypes Checks Mean Range Mean RangeDays to �lowering 80 64-93 80 76-83Plant height (cm) 99 80-125 101 98-105Spike length (cm) 12 10-16 11 10-11Tillers per meter 103 69-145 113 105-1261000-grain weight (g) 38 31-50 38 37-38Protein content (%) 13 11-16 12 11.83-12.37Moisture content (%) 10 9-10 10 9.70-10.27Canopy temperature at heading stage 16 14-18 17 16.63-17.44Chlorophyll content index at heading stage 48 41-56 45 43-48NDVI at heading stage 0.81 0.72-0.87 0.84 0.83-0.85Canopy temperature at anthesis stage 21.43 18.60-24.65 23.12 22.74-23.40Chlorophyll content index at anthesis stage 50.04 43.05-57.25 51.06 48.63-54.71NDVI at anthesis stage 0.81 0.71-0.86 0.82 0.79-0.84Gain yield per plot (g) 2134 1072-3525 2765 2300-3061


06


(29° 43' N, 76 ° 48' E, 245 MSL), India. In the present study, a set of 57 advance wheat genotypes (developed at IIWBR, Karnal) including checks (HI 8713 and AKDW 4883) were used for the study of different yield and quality traits. This experiment was conducted using RBD statistical design with two replications during rabi season 2017-18. Each genotype was planted in a six rows plot of four meter length with spacing of 23cm between rows and 10cm between plants within rows. All the standard agronomical practices (dose of fertilizer, irrigation at all critical stages, roughing) were followed to raise normal crop from sowing to till harvesting of crop. Observations were recorded for plant height (cm), spike length (cm), tillers per meter, protein content (%), moisture content (%) and grain yield per plot (g).

The mean performance (mean and range) of selected genotypes was high than check for the traits viz., plant height, tillers per meter, 1000-grain weight, protein content, moisture content and grain yield. Out of 55 durum wheat genotypes, 18 genotypes were found to be better then check for one or more yield traits. The number of genotypes which showed superior performance than best check varied for different traits like 14 genotypes for dwarfness (short plant height), 06 genotypes for long spike length, 12 genotypes for higher number of tillers per meter, 08 genotypes for 1000-grain weight, 17 genotypes for high protein content and 04 genotypes for high grain yield. For 1000-grain weight (TGW), the genotypes (ST-2017-1, ST-

2017-6, IDYN 32, IDYN 11, IDON 64, IDON 65, IDYT 4, IDYT 9, IDYT 15, IDYT 18, IDYT 19, IDON 84, DDW 42, IDON 91, NDSN 758/GW 2016, NDSN-759/GW 2016 and NDSN-765/GW 2016) were found better than best check (HI 8713). Two genotypes viz., ST-2017-1 and ST-2017-6 were found superior than best check for grain yield per plot, 1000-grain weight, number of tillers per meter and plant height. Similarly, two genotypes viz., NDSN 759/GW 2016 and NDSN 765/GW 2016 were found superior than best check for 1000-grain weight, protein content, number of tillers per meter, spike length and plant height whereas NDSN 758/GW 2016 was found superior than best check for 1000-grain weight, protein content, plant height and number of tillers per meter. The selected genotypes represent unique sources of valuable genes for various traits and therefore these genotypes can be used in hybridization prgramme for improving yield and quality in durum wheat.

Performance of advanced genotypes meant for warmer areas against rusts and leaf blight under arti�icially created disease epiphytotic conditions

SK Singh, RP Gangwar, Suresh Kumar, Snehanshu 1 2Singh, SP Singh , SI Patel , Ishwar Singh and DP Singh

1 2ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal; NDUA&T, Faizabad; SDAU, Vijapur

Development of new cultivars for warmer areas requires high yield potential in target environments along with resistance to rust diseases and leaf blight. A total of 120 advanced genotypes developed for warmer


SN PH SL Tillers TKW Protein Moisture GY

ST-2017-1 90 7.2 109 45 12.88 9.57 3370ST-2017-6 90 7.5 90 41 14.41 9.88 3320IDYN 44 91 7.5 79 44 10.12 9.73 3101IDYN 32 90 7.8 115 33 14.57 9.70 1601IDYN 11 88 8.2 104 36 13.30 9.89 1949IDON 64 87 7.2 115 34 13.87 9.41 1551IDON 65 95 7.7 113 39 13.39 9.77 1273IDYT 4 88 8.4 115 35 12.87 9.47 1887IDYT 9 90 8.5 83 42 12.33 10.07 1709IDYT 15 85 7.2 86 39 12.79 9.90 2256IDYT 18 105 8.1 72 43 12.88 9.84 1566IDYT 19 86 7.3 88 33 13.94 9.82 1180IDON 84 92 8.3 105 41 12.65 10.02 2013DDW 42 88 7.5 100 36 13.75 9.83 2019IDON 91 126 9.8 80 48 13.18 10.09 1542NDSN758/GW 2016 82 7.5 102 52 15.40 9.78 1837NDSN-759/GW 2016 90 8.8 88 55 14.85 10.21 1865NDSN-765/GW 2016 90 8.5 122 44 12.86 9.88 1969AKDW-4883 (Check) 100 7.8 80 42 10.53 9.69 2533HI-8713 (Check) 91 8.2 87 43 11.87 9.65 1458

Table 4. Selected genotypes found better than best check for yield and quality traits in durum wheat

07


areas were evaluated for resistance to rust diseases and leaf blight during 2017-18 crop season under arti�icial epiphytotic conditions at three hot spot locations, namely Karnal for stripe rust, Vijapur for stem rust and Faizabad for leaf rust and leaf blight. For disease creation, mixture of most virulent pathotypes was used for rust diseases. These were 46S119, 110S119, 47S103 & 110S84 for stripe rust, 12-5, 77-9, 77-5 & 104-2 for leaf rust and 11, 40A, 42, 122 and 117-6 for stem rust. Leaf blight inoculum maintained at Faizabad centre was used for creating the disease. The rust disease severity was 0-80S for stripe & leaf rust and 0- 40S for stem rust. The leaf blight score ranged from 35-78 on double digit scale. Out of 120 genotypes, 10, 67 and 37 genotypes were found immune to stripe, leaf and stem rust, respectively whereas �ive genotypes were highly resistant to leaf blight. The resistant genotypes were 11 (9.2%) for stripe rust, 25 (20.8%) for leaf rust, 37 (30.8%) for stem rust and 85(70.8%) for leaf blight. Five entries namely PYT17-33 (DBW

87/DBW 92), PYT 17-62 (WH 542/UP 2338), PYT 17-95 (MP 1234/HD 2967), PYT 17-99 (DBW 87/DBW

16) and PYT 17-101 (WH 542/DBW 16) showed resistance reactions to all three rusts and leaf blight. Some of these promising lines may be further utilised as potential donors for disease resistance.

Assessment of water logging tolerance in wheat for enhancing climate resilience

Gyanendra Singh, Pradeep Kumar, BS Tyagi, Charan Singh and Vikas Gupta


Water logging tolerance is the capacity to maintain high rates of growth, biomass accumulation and grain yield by crop under water logging conditions. The characterization of germplasm for water logging tolerance and widening the adaptability of future wheat genotypes is necessary for resilience to diverse environments. In the recent years, adverse effects of uneven and heavy rainfall causing water stagnation and also lodging resulted in signi�icant yield losses to wheat in northern India. Therefore, it becomes necessary to identify the tolerant genotypes and utilizing them for improved new high yielding backgrounds with enhanced water logging tolerance. Keeping this in view, a set of 67 genotypes consisting 37 released cultivars, 26 advance breeding lines and four checks (HD 2967, KRL 3-4, KRL 99, and Kharchiya 65) was evaluated under normal and water logged soil conditions during rabi 2015-16. The water logging stresses were given at four different wheat growth stages for about 10 scale days at each water logging stage. In the present study, the performances of all genotypes were better under normal conditions as compared to water logged conditions. In general, it may be concluded that trait performance is adversely affected under water logging. The lowest reduction (pooled basis) was recorded in 1000 grain weight


Table 5. Better performing genotypes (mean & percent reduction) for yield components under water logging condition

Trait Tillers per meter 1000 gain weight (g) Biological yield (g/plot) Grain yield (g/plot)

Genotypes Mean Red. % Mean Red. % Mean Red. % Mean Red. %

SSD C3-24 93 5.10 36 2.70 475 16.18 153 10.48

SSD C3-253 60 23.08 42 2.33 470 19.43 155 23.82

SSD C3-264 63 50.00 40 4.76 468 22.00 146 21.72

SSD C1-175 104 25.71 30 0.00 433 25.71 142 26.11

SSD C1-267 60 15.49 38 5.00 467 18.84 136 41.68

HD 2967 (C) 73 13.86 38 6.93 397 36.19 141 41.28

KRL 99 (C) 54 40.04 34 3.41 402 25.62 136 40.75

KRL 3-4 (C) 58 13.35 39 3.39 445 25.00 130 32.55

KH 65 (C) 65 30.47 36 4.70 312 35.29 83 27.01

% o

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Fig. 2. Performance of genotypes against disease

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(5 .27%), fol lowed by plant height (9 .33%), tillers/meter (25.07%), biological yield (30.28%) and maximum reduction was in grain yield (38.89%) under water logging as compared to normal conditions. The genotypes were selected based on the traits that showed least effects (reduction) in water logging. The common genotypes selected based on better performance and minimum reduction under water logging conditions included SSD-C3-24 and WH 1080 for tillers per meter, biological yield and grain yield as compared to best check (KRL-3-4). Therefore, SSD-C3-24 and WH 1080 among genotypes whereas KRL-3-4 among the checks showed great potential as donor to improve water logging tolerance with multiple yield traits for enhancing productivity of wheat.

Microplot screening to identify salt tolerant cross combinations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Pradeep Kumar, Gyanendra Singh, BS Tyagi, Charan Singh, Vikas Gupta and Sewa Ram


Wheat crop suffers from various abiotic stresses, among them sodicity/alkalinity is the most important abiotic stress that affects the yielding ability of wheat genotypes due to excess salt accumulation in the soil. In India, 6.7 Mha land under wheat cultivation is affected by salt including 3.0 Mha by salinity and 3.7 Mha by sodicity/alkalinity. The present experiment was under taken to evaluate 20 advance wheat genotypes including 03 checks (BH 1146, KRL 210 and DPW 621-50) in micro-plots under normal (pH ~8.00) and sodic (pH ~9.2) soil conditions. The pH of the soil was adjusted by applying required amount of

sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ) and sodium carbonate 3

(Na CO ). Each genotype was planted in a plot size of 0.5 m 2 3

length with spacing of 23cm between rows and 10cm

between plants within rows with two replications according to the randomized complete block design. Observations were recorded for plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets/spike, tillers/meter, grain weight/spike (g), biological yield/plot (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield/plot (g).

The traits viz., spikelets/spike, tillers/meter, grain weight/spike and biological yield showed positive and signi�icant correlation with grain yield under both normal and sodic soil conditions. Plant height, spike length and harvest index showed positive and signi�icant correlation with grain yield under sodic soil conditions. Therefore, these traits can be used to identify tolerant genotypes under normal and sodic soil conditions. The crosses viz., CBW 38/BROOKTON, HD 2733/BH 1146, DPW 621-50/KH 65, GW 322/BH 1146, DPW 621-50/KRL 210 and WH 1105/KRL 210 were found superior than best check (DPW 621-50) for multiple yield contributing traits along with grain yield under normal condition. Similarly, the crosses viz., CBW 38/BROOKTON, HD 2733/BH 1146, DPW 621-50/KRL 210 and WH 1105/KRL 210 were found superior than the best check (BH 1146) for multiple yield contributing traits along with grain yield under sodic soil condition. The above selected genotypes based on various yield components are expected to be possessing tolerance to sodicity/alkalinity soil conditions and are being utilized as donor to improve salt tolerance in bread wheat.

Identi�ication of donors for higher grain weight, protein content and multiple fungal disease resistance in durums

BS Tyagi, Pradeep Kumar, Ashish Ojha, Gyanendra Singh and Gopal Reddy


Wheat & Barley Newsletter, ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal July-December, 2018Volume 12 (2)

Table 6. Selected promising cross combinations than best checks under sodic soil conditions in wheat

Trait Promising cross combinations Best check

Plant height (cm) PBW 550/BH 1146 (58), WH 1105/KRL 210 (67), PBW 550/BH 1146 (70), KRL 210 (74)

HUW 234/BH 1146 (70), RAJ 3765/BH 1146 (72)

Spike length (cm) DBW 88/KRL 1-4 (13.0), DPW 621-50/KRL 210 (12.0) DPW 621-50 (12.0)

Spikelets/ spike DPW 621-50/KRL 210 (20.0) BH 1146 (22.0)

Tillers/meter CBW 38/BROOKTON (47) BH 1146 (42)

Grain weight/spike (g) DPW 621-50/KH 65 (1.57), WH 1105/KRL 210 (1.52), HD 2733/BH 1146 (1.47), KRL 210 (1.30)

DPW 621-50/KRL 210 (1.41)

Biological yield/plot (g) CBW 38/BROOKTON (123) BH 1146 (118)

Grain yield/plot (g) DPW 621-50/KRL 210 (46), WH 1105/KRL 210 (44),CBW 38/BROOKTON (42) BH 1146 (40)

Promising cross CBW 38/BROOKTON, HD 2733/BH 1146, DPW 621-50/KRL 210, WH 1105/KRL 210 BH 1146

combinations for

multiple yield traits

09


Wheat is one of the most durable and dependable cereal crops, grown under diverse agro-climatic conditions, and provides 20% of the total food calories of human requirement. Durum wheat is the hardest of all wheat species and is usually bold, translucent with golden colour and higher gluten strength. Durum wheat is consumed mainly in the form of semolina (suji) and other fast food products (pasta products). Globally, durum wheat is grown on only 8 to 10% of the cultivated wheat area. India is one of the leading durum producing countries in the world with acreage of around 2.5 million hectares and production nearing 3.5 million tonnes. Durum wheat, with its high kernel weight, test weight, and protein content, is known to be associated with the �irmness and resiliency of the cooked pasta products. Now a days durums are yielding at par with the bread wheat varieties. However, durums are now grown in the central and peninsular part of India particularly in marginal areas.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop the new breeding materials which have high yield potential with good quality by hybridization among diverse source of valuable genes for yield and quality traits.

A set of 50 genotypes of durum wheat were used for the identi�ication of donors for high 1000 grain weight, protein content and multiple fungal disease resistance from IDYN breeding materials. The experiment was conducted using RBD statistical design with two replications during rabi season 2017-18 at International nursery block of Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India. Each genotype was planted in a four row plot of four meter length with spacing of 23 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants within rows. The disease data particularly Yellow rust, Powdery Mildew and Spot blotch were also recorded to identify disease resistant lines. The data were also recorded for plant height, 1000-grain weight, protein content and lodging


Table 7. Selected genotypes for different yield and quality traits along with multiple fungal disease resistance in durum wheat

S. N. Code Plant Lodging Stripe rust Spot blotch Powdery Protein 1000 grain Grain yield

height (%) mildew (%) weight (G) (G/Plot)

1 G1 93 20 0 36 6 13.8 53.8 2661

2 G3 96 0 10 24 3 12.5 47.5 2598

3 G6 93 60 0 46 7 12.5 43.6 2680

4 G7 95 50 0 24 0 13.2 48.6 2519

5 G9 100 30 0 46 3 11.4 37.2 2643

6 G11 94 10 0 0 0 11.0 41.2 2709

7 G13 93 0 20 35 7 11.4 40.6 2774

8 G14 93 0 0 24 0 11.5 35.8 2925

9 G15 91 30 0 24 0 11.4 39.8 2863

10 G16 93 10 10 46 0 13.9 34.4 2392

11 G17 89 0 0 0 0 13.5 38.8 2910

12 G18 99 10 0 0 0 11.1 38.2 2825

13 G21 95 90 0 24 7 13.8 32.6 2773

14 G23 91 20 0 24 0 13.7 54.5 2544

15 G24 94 0 0 68 0 12.8 42.5 2729

16 G25 97 50 0 0 0 13.5 51.5 2551

17 G26 98 70 0 0 6 11.2 36.4 2653

18 G32 91 30 0 0 6 11.2 47.5 2867

19 G33 94 0 0 0 0 12.8 52.6 2378

20 G34 93 20 0 0 4 12.7 46.8 2362

21 G41 96 0 0 0 9 10.4 52.5 2698

22 G42 94 0 0 0 6 10.2 48.5 2415

23 G43 88 0 0 46 6 10.4 53.6 2569

24 G44 94 0 0 34 0 10.2 37.0 2679

25 G46 93 0 0 56 4 10.3 36.6 2677

26 G49 91 0 5 24 0 12.6 58.5 1855

Population 94 23 1 27 3 11.9 40.3 2421

mean

Protein>12%; TKW> 46g

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percentage. Wide variation was observed in most of the lines/genotypes for all the yield components, quality traits and various fungal disease resistances (Yellow rust, Powdery Mildew and Spot blotch).

Out of 50 genotypes, 26 genotypes exhibited superior mean performance than population mean for one or more yield and quality traits as well as various disease resistances. The 12 genotypes (G1, G3, G7, G23, G25, G32, G33, G34, G41, G42, G43 and G49) for 1000 grain weight; 13 genotypes (G1, G3, G6, G7, G16, G17, G21, G23, G24, G25, G33, G34 and G49) for protein content; 21 genotypes (G1, G3, G6, G7, G9, G11, G13, G14, G15, G17, G18, G21, G23, G24, G25, G26, G32, G41, G43, G44 and G46) for grain yield were found better which had high mean than overall population mean. While four genotypes (G11, G17, G25 and G33) were found better performing for various yield components and quality traits along with multiple fungal disease resistance. Therefore , these genotypes can be used in hybridization prgramme for improving yield, quality and disease resistance in durum wheat.

CROP PROTECTION

Relative ef�iciency of insect traps for sampling aphids in wheat

Poonam Jasrotia, Prem Lal Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar and GP Singh


To develop appropriate forecasting systems, accurate information on the population dynamics of insect-pests is essential to predict the timing and extent of damage it can cause to a crop. Insect monitoring and surveillance on regular basis is highly advised to know the status of the pests in a particular area. For the monitoring aphid population, different types of insect traps are commercially available in market. The yellow traps are commonly used for aphid monitoring in the �ield and in green houses. Sticky traps measure aphid populations more readily than other labor intensive absolute monitoring methods, as traps continuously catch and retain specimens without constant human management. Moreover, these traps are rapid, simple to install, cost effective and provides systematic, continuous information on pest population build-up. They can provide excellent long-term fore-warning of the need for chemical control and short-term warning of control timing. Few studies have shown that the main factors that affect the ef�iciency of a trap for catching an insect are their shape, colour and placement in the �ield, besides the abiotic factors also greatly impact insect

population built-up. Keeping the above perspective in view, the present study was planned to determine the trapping ef�iciency of sticky and tray traps of two colours; yellow and blue at two different heights. The heights for sticky traps were 60 cm and 120 cms, whereas for tray traps these were 10 cm and 20 cm above the ground level. The population of alate (winged) and wingless forms of aphids captured in traps were recorded at weekly interval during the season.

The data revealed that there were differences in number of aphids captured on each type of traps. Yellow sticky trap installed at 60 cm height recorded maximum number of aphids i.e. 1359 as against the minimum number of captured aphids i.e. 251 aphids recorded in blue tray trap installed at 20 cm height. The study clearly indicates that the size, colour and shape of a sampling trap and its placement height in the �ield play a major role in determining the ef�iciency of particular type of trap for catching an insect-pest.

Identi�ication of Aegilops germplasm with aphid resistance

Poonam Jasrotia, Sindhu Sareen, Prem Lal Kashyap, Sudheer Kumar and GP Singh


Several aphid species are economically important pests of wheat including four main species viz. Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi L. Sitobion miscanthi and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) that constitute foliar aphid complex. Amongst these, the corn leaf aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), is a serious economic pest of wheat in North Western Plains Zone of India. Aphids cause damage and yield loss by direct feeding and vectoring plant viruses. Currently, aphid damage to crops is controlled mainly by insecticidal treatments. However, this is now failing, as a result of the evolution of insecticide resistance, with some species exhibiting resistance to multiple


Fig. 3. Relative abundance of aphids captured in different typesof trap during 2017-18

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insecticidal classes. It is of great importance to the resilience of crops that suf�icient genetic diversity is retained and recovered from diverse germplasm in order to respond to pressures of abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect feeding. Reduction in genetic diversity has been reported in modern wheat, compared with wild ancestors, which is thought to be due to population bottlenecks. In literature, it is reported that wild genotypes have prominent resistance against diseases e.g. rusts and also against insects e.g. aphids. Hence, we screened 198 Aegilops accessions against the corn leaf aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) to determine the aphid resistance response.

The aphid screening was done by recording out aphid count/shoots from all these accessions, three times during the season and grades were given according to 5 point system described in table-8.

On the basis of average grading of aphid infestation, all entries were either categorized as resistant (grade 2) or moderately resistant (grade 3) or susceptible (grade 4) or highly susceptible (grade 5) to foliar

aphid. Ten accessions gave resistant response to aphids and all these accessions belong to Ae. tauschii. These were accession nos. 23, 59, 15, 3758, 3761,

3806,13757,14336,14338 & 9795. Sixty six accessions were found to be moderately resistant (grade 3) and 57 were found in susceptible category (grade 4). The differential behavior of aphid response to Aegilops germplasm clearly indicates that there is wide genetic diversity available among these genotypes that can be further explored to identify aphid resistant sources and their further utilization in wheat breeding program.

QUALITY AND BASIC SCIENCES

Development of high phytase and low phytic acid genotypes in wheat

Sewa Ram, Tushar Khandale, Vipin Kumar Malik, Ritu Saini, Sneh Narwal, Vanita Pandey, OP Gupta, BS Tyagi and GP Singh


Wheat contributes signi�icantly in providing food and nutrition to large part of the population in the world. It contains signi�icant amount of proteins, minerals and vitamins which are essential nutrients for human health. However, absorption of micronutrients especially Fe and Zn in humans is signi�icantly inhibited by the presence of substances such as phytic acid in wheat grains leading to micronutrient de�iciency in humans. Therefore, degradation of phytic acid present in the food is needed to overcome the problem of micronutrient de�iciency in humans

Fig. 4. Response of Aegilops germplasm to corn leaf aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis


Fig. 5. Colony of Rhopalosiphum maidis

Table 8. Grading and rating of foliar aphid infestationon Aegilops accessions

Grade Approx. numbers Rating of aphids/shoot1 0 Immune2 1-5 Resistant3 6-10 Moderately resistant4 11-20 Susceptible5 21 and above Highly susceptible

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and monogastric animals. This can be accomplished either by adding phytase during food processing or enhancing naturally occurring phytase levels in wheat which are active in the human stomach.

In this investigation, mutant lines were developed by treating PBW 502 seeds (around 3000) with 0.75% Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate overnight, followed by sowing in the �ield during 2008-09. The M1 seeds were sown during 2009-10 and more than 1000 plants were generated. 800 lines were advanced into higher generations using single seed descent method and evaluated for phytase and phytic acid levels during 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-2017 and 2017-18. Mutant lines exhibited phytase levels ranging from 261 to 2578 with the average value of 1273 FTU/kg while PBW 502 exhibited phytase activity 720 FTU/kg.Ten

mutant lines were identi�ied for very high phytase levels (>2000 FTU/kg) and sound grain characteristics. One of the mutants had high phytase level (2500 FTU/kg) and also high yield and good grain characteristics suitable for use in breeding. In addition, several lines exhibited phytic acid level less than 1.0 % and one of the lines with low phytic acid and high yield potential.

Since phytase levels is a trait which is mainly governed by genetics and less in�luenced by the environment, the genotype developed can be used in crossing programme for enhancing phytase levels for improving bioavailability of micronutrients to human beings. High heritability of 0.98 and 0.82 was observed for phytase and phytic acid, respectively indicating the potential of improving phytase levels in wheat. This is the �irst report of developing wheat for high phytase and low phytic acid levels through mutation breeding with implications in enhancing bioavailability of Fe and Zn to human beings.

Development of high yielding wheat genotypes with reduced gluten strength using Glu-D1 double null trait of Nap Hal

Sewa Ram, Rajni Devi, Rajesh, Sumedha, Charu Sharma, Ram Baran Singh, Sneh Narwal, B.S. Tyagi, and G P Singh


Wheat is the important source of energy and nutrition to human beings across the world. Large numbers of end-use products including chapati, bread, biscuits, noodles and pasta products are made from it. India is the second largest producer of wheat in the world and also the biscuit industry is the largest constituent of food processing industries in the country. However, there are limited number of varieties having characteristics suitable for biscuit making in India. This is primarily because of more emphasis has been given for improving hard wheat with medium strong gluten suitable for chapati. However, soft wheat with weak and extensible gluten is required for biscuit making. Breeding for soft wheat products can be expedited by using molecular markers for soft grain texture and weak gluten. In this investigation Glu-D1 double null trait of NAP HAL has been transferred into high yielding backgrounds of wheat such as PBW373, UP2425, RAJ3765, DPW621-50, HD2967 and HS490 using molecular marker assisted selection and microlevel tests.

Nap Hal, an Indian landrace of wheat, contains combinations of soft grain characteristics and Glu-D1 double null associated with reduced gluten strength and high cookie spread factor. The crossing was initiated during 2005-06 using PBW373, PBW502 and UP2425 as recurrent parents and Nap Hal as donor and subsequently advanced into higher g e n e r a t i o n s u s i n g m i c r o l e v e l t e s t s f o r sedimentation volume. Advanced lines of the crosses


Fig. 6. Frequency distribution of phytase inmutant population of PBW502.

Fig. 7. Frequency distribution of phytic acid inmutant population of PBW502

between PBW373, PBW502 and UP2425 and Nap Hal were evaluated for grain hardness, sedimentation volume and biscuit making quality during 2012-13; 2013-2014; 2014-2015; 2015-16; 2016-17 and 2017-18 and low sedimentation lines stable across years with high biscuit spread factor were identi�ied.

The sedimentation value of advanced lines of the cross between PBW373 and Nap Hal ranged from 1.9 to 3.5 and thus exhibited transgressive segrergants towards low sedimentation under soft background. Similarly advance lines developed from a cross between PBW502 and Nap Hal exhibited sedimentation value in low range (1.8 to 3.9). Mixograph analysis also showed signi�icant reduction in Mixograph Peak Time (MPT) in advanced generations as compared to varieties indicating potential for better biscuit making quality. Selected lines were also used in making crosses with recently released varieties as DPW621-50 and HD2967. The segregating generations of these crosses showed Glu-D1 null lines with sedimentation value ranging from 2.1 to 8.9 indicating great promise for improving biscuit making quality. Similarly advance lines developed from a cross between UP2425 and Nap Hal exhibited sedimentation value in low range (1.8 to 4.5). Some of the lines developed using Nap Hal showed higher yield potential and higher biscuit spread factor under large size plot experiments. There was signi�icant reduction in time to peak parameter (from 2.50 minute in HD2967 to 0.90 minute) indicating very weak nature of the gluten caused by Glu-D1 double null and thus suitable for biscuit making. Some of the advanced lines showed high yield potential as well and selected as entry for station trial during 2018-19.

BARLEY IMPROVEMENT

Novel genetic resources for enriched grain zinc and iron content in barley

Vishnu Kumar, AS Kharub, Sewa Ram and GP Singh


Barley is used for human food, cattle feed and malting purposes. It is a versatile crop due to its low input requirement and better adaptability to drought, heat and under saline and alkaline soils. The feed barley is mainly used in the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab and Bihar. However, signi�icant area also occupies in the northern higher hilly region i.e. Kargil, Leh and Ladakh and in the states of Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. In these hilly states and higher hills, barley grain is consumed for food purposes. Cereals cover major proportions of the vegetarian diet and are important sources of minerals especially micro nutrients like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Therefore, improvement in cereal micro-nutrients level is important and useful in improving nutritional quality for human and livestock health. Lot of progress for disease resistance, yield maximization and malting quality improvement etc. have been worked in barley. However, the studies on enriched grain zinc and iron content in barley are largely lacking under Indian conditions. Even no germplasm and variety has been registered/released for enriched grain zinc and iron content in barley. In these directions, two hulless barley genotypes namely DWRB191 and DWRB192 were developed for higher grain zinc and iron

13


Table 9. Advanced lines of crosses made using Nap Hal as the donor of Glu-D1 double null and high yielding wheatvarieties grown during 2017-18.

Cultivars and Cross combinations Generation Sedimentation volume (1 g test)UP2425/*3/NAP HAL BC3F10 1.8-4.5PBW373/*3/NAP HAL BC3F10 1.9-3.5PBW502/*2/NAP HAL BC1F9, BC2F7 1.8-3.9PBW373/*3/NAP HAL(BC3F4)//HD 2967 BC1F5; BC2F4 2.4-8.9UP2425/*3/NAP HAL(BC3F4)//HD 2967 BC1F6, BC2F6 2.3-9.5UP2425/*3/NAP HAL(BC3F4)//DPW621-50 BC1F6; BC1F2 2.1-5.6PBW373/*3/NAP HAL(BC3F4)//DPW621-50 BC1F6; F7 2.3-6.9NAP HAL 3.5UP2425 7.7PBW502 7.3PBW373 7.5HD2967 8.7DPW621-50 8.5HS490 7.6

contents, respectively. These genotypes were developed from hybridization of BHS352/HBL113 and the micro-nutrients were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method at ICAR-I I W B R , K a r n a l . T h e m u l t i - l o c a t i o n d a t a o f DWRB191and DWRB192 are presented with promising checks BHS352 and Karan 16

The genotype DWRB191 showed grain zinc content of 44.9 ppm and while the elite hulless checks viz., BHS352 and Karan16 exhibited grain zinc content of 39.9 ppm and 36.6 ppm, respectively. The barley germplasm DWRB191 revealed 12.5% and 22.7 % superiority for grain zinc content over the checks BHS352 and Karan16, respectively. The barley germplasm DWRB192 revealed 19.4% and 25.4 % superiority for grain iron content over the checks BHS352 and Karan16, respectively. The genotype DWRB192 was observed with erect growth habit and showed 1000 grain weight of 40 g (38-41 g). Barley grains are used in different industrial purposes i.e. food, multi-grain atta, health drinks and the availability of the genotypes with high grain zinc and iron contents will be certainly helpful for health bene�its.

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Impact of zero tillage on wheat and direct seeding rice in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

Anuj Kumar, Sendhil R, Satyavir Singh, Ramesh Chand and JK Pandey


Resource conservation technologies (RCTs) are popular among farmers owing to its potential economic as well as environmental bene�its. A study on analysing the impact of RCTs on farmer's �ield was conducted during 2015-16 in Yamunanagar district of Haryana. A total of 100 farmers who have adopted either of the two RCTs viz; zero tillage (ZT) and direct seeded rice (DSR) or both were selected for the study.

Data were collected from Radauri, Ghespur, Nagal, Kishanpura, Damla, Bakana and Chamrodi villages of Yamunanagar. The research �indings indicated that a majority of the respondents (43%) belonged to 31-40 age and were well educated. Agriculture was their main occupation and a majority of the respondents were also rearing animals for milk production. Around 44% of the farmers were in large category having more than 10 acres of land and 40 per cent were in medium category. Tubewell was the major source of irrigation in the study area and the quality of water was found to be good for crop cultivation. Respondents, 100 per cent adopted ZT, 60 per cent adopted DSR and 48 per cent ZT+DSR. The rate of custom hiring of turbo happy seeder ranged from ̀ 800-1000 per acre. Farmers used HD 2967 and HD 3086 varieties mostly under ZT. The positive impact of adopting ZT was on cost saving, time saving, management of Phalaris minor, fuel saving, yield and germination. It was also recorded that continuous use of zero tillage has increased the organic carbon in soil, improved water retention capacity, improved fertility status of soil, reduced lodging and weeds, avoided terminal heat apart from incremental yield of 2-3 q/acre as compared to conventional tillage. Out of 100, 60 farmers adopted DSR technology using varieties like Pusa 1121, Pusa 1509, HKR 147, and CSR 30 as well as some hybrids. Adoption of DSR had positive impact on saving the time and cost of planting. It was reported that DSR could save approximately 50 per cent of water at farmers �ield as compared to transplanted rice. Most of the farmers suggested that these technologies should be promoted in the state by increasing/continuing subsidy on machines, attach stubble management system (SMS) with combine harvester to facilitate sowing with turbo happy seeder. With the adoption of DSR followed by ZT method of wheat sowing, farmers can earn an additional income of `4000 to `5000 per acre. There is a need to make farmers aware about the bene�its of DSR and ZT

14


Table 10. Grain zinc and iron content of DWRB191 and DWRB192 and checks

Location Grain zinc content(ppm) Grain iron content(ppm) DWRB191 BHS352 (C) Karan16 (C) DWRB192 BHS352 (C) Karan16 (C)Karnal 35.2 33.2 34.0 44.9 32.9 32.9Hisar 46.7 40.7 38.1 43.9 39.9 39.9Durgapura 47.8 44.0 37.6 51.0 42.9 36.9Jobner 49.7 41.5 36.5 49.9 43.2 41.3Mean 44.9* 39.9 36.6 47.4** 39.7 37.8% advantage - 12.5 22.7 - 19.4 25.4LSD (0.05) 4.65 6.66 (LSD 1%)

*Signi�icantly superior to the checks (CD at 5 %); **signi�icantly superior to the checks (CD at 1 %) & locations considered as replications

through campaigns and training programmes. Subsidy on both the machines must continue and incentive must be given to adopters of these technologies. Further, innovative farmers and para extension workers need to be developed to promote these technologies. In the context of residue burning, farmers should be motivated to adopt ZT technology in the coming years for improving soil texture and structure to get rid of the environmental menace.

Yield gap, resource use and technical ef�iciency in barley production

Sendhil R, Anuj Kumar, Satyavir Singh, Ajit Kharub and Surendra Singh


Primary data were collected from 100 barley farmers during the year 2017 in Madhya Pradesh, a state categorised as high vulnerable zone with respect to barley production in lieu of climate change. Findings from the analysis indicated that the share of barley to total crop acreage was 18.81 per cent and 18.17 per cent respectively in Rewa and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh. The Yield Gap-I was found to be negative and found to be highest in Chhatarpur. It is against the conventional wisdom and theory that yield gap-I i.e., experimental yield – farmer's potential yield was negative. Inter alia, yield gaps arise due to difference in management & adaptation strategies. Similar pattern was noticed for yield gap-II (farmer potential – average farmer) as well. Analysis of resource use pattern indicated that there exists signi�icant difference in the use of resources between Rewa and Chhatarpur. Seeds were used more than the recommended doses. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) showed that barley producers are technically ef�icient by 85.30 per cent indicating around 15% of inputs level can be reduced to produce the same level of output. Further, it was found that a majority of the respondents fall under 91-100 per cent ef�iciency (52 farmers). Around 23 farmers were technically inef�icient by 38 per cent indicating the scope for rational use of resources. Perception of farmers indicated that the awareness level was too low with respect to adaptation strategies and poor access to the technologies and very poor adoption rate barring improved management with new crop varieties, application of more organic manures, supplemental i r r i ga t i o n t h ro u gh g ro u n dwa te r, i r r i ga t i o n depth/frequency and insurance. The analysis indicated the need for increasing the awareness of climate smart

farming practices in Madhya Pradesh. Sensitive crop growth stages in barley were identi�ied calling for suitable adaptation strategies and climate smart farming practices at crop production, farm and regional levels.

Impact of wheat and barley front line demonstrations at farmers' �ield : a quinquennial assessment

Satyavir Singh, Anuj Kumar, Sendhil R, Anil Khippal Ramesh Chand, Mangal Singh and GP Singh

ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley research, Karnal.

The Front Line Demonstration (FLD) is an unique approach to provide a direct interface between researcher and farmers as the scientists are directly involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the demonstrations for the technologies developed by them and get direct feedback from the farmers' �ield about the crops like wheat, rice, maize, barley and nutri-cereals, etc. This enables the scientists to improvise upon the research programme accordingly. In FLDs, the subject matter scientists provide technological inputs to extension scientists to organise the demonstrations. Thus, FLDs provide an opportunity to researchers and extension personnel for understanding the farmers' resources and requirement to �ine tune and/or modify the technologies for easy adaptability at farmers' �ields. The FLDs are conducted by the ICAR/SAUs system.

The Front Line Demonatration is a form of applied research through ICAR/SAUs system on latest noti�ied/released varieties along with full package of practices on selected farmers' �ields with a view to demonstrate the potentiality of the technologies to (a) participating farmers, (b) neighbouring farmers and other agencies; (c) to analyse the production and (d) performance of the technologies for scienti�ic feed back.

The Wheat Front Line Demonstration (FLD)

programme was the approved component under the

direct funded component of Macro Management of

15


Table 11. Technical ef�iciency in barley production

Range Number of Farmers Ef�iciency ScoreUpto 0.60 4 0.4850 0.61 – 0.70 23 0.6235 0.71 – 0.80 15 0.7985 0.81 – 0.90 6 0.8528 0.91 – 1.00 52 0.9958 Overall 100 0.8530

Agriculture Scheme of the Department of Agriculture,

Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW), Ministry

of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW),

Government of India up to the year 2011-12. From the

year 2012-13 onwards, wheat FLDs are approved

component of National Food Security Mission (NFSM).

The Barley Front Line Demonstration (FLD)

programme was the approved component under the

direct funded component of Macro Management of

Agriculture Scheme of the Department of Agriculture,

Cooperation & Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW), Ministry

of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MOA&FW),

Government of India up to the year 2012-13. From the

year 2014-15 onwards, Barley FLDs are approved

component of National Food Security Mission (NFSM).

During the period from 2013-14 to 2017-18, 2681

wheat FLDs were conducted over 6323 farmers' �ields

covering 2721 hectares across 19 states. The

technologies on improved wheat (T. aestivum, T. durum

and T. dicoccum) varieties with complete package of

practices along with zero tillage/happy seeder,

rotavator, micro irrigations and bio-fertilizer were

demonstrated. The �indings have indicated that the

average yield gain in wheat was 6.14, 6.30, 4.09, 6.72

and 5.36 q/ha in NHZ, NEPZ, NWPZ, CZ and PZ,

respectively (Table-12).

There was signi�icant yield gap in the CZ and NEPZ and

there is a large area under wheat in these two zones.

Therefore, concerted efforts need to be made in these

areas in collaboration with the State Department of

Agriculture so that the productivity level could be raised.

The CZ has special signi�icance as it is viewed as a

potential zone for wheat export. By bridging the existing

yield gap, an additional production equal to 21.79

million tonnes can be added to raise the total production

of wheat by more than 120 million tones.

In the case of barley, during the period from 2013-14 to

2017-18, 430 FLDs on various production and

protection technologies were allotted to different

cooperating centres, out of which 402 were conducted

in 431 hectares area across eight barley growing states

bene�itting 908 farmers. The technologies on improved

barley varieties (including malt barley and dual

purpose barley) with complete package of practices

were demonstrated. On an average, there was 4.35,

7.50, 4.55, and 6.63 q/ha increase in barley yield (in

NHZ, NWPZ, NEPZ and CZ, respectively) under FLDs over

check during the period under report (Table-13).


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Table 12. Yield gain (q/ha) for wheat in different zones for 2013-14 to 2017-18

Zone 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Average

NHZ 5.91 5.32 5.84 6.28 7.35 6.14

NEPZ 5.34 5.77 5.88 7.46 7.03 6.30

NWPZ 4.13 4.75 3.91 4.29 3.35 4.09

CZ 7.76 6.66 5.60 6.37 7.20 6.72

PZ 4.00 5.68 4.98 6.41 5.75 5.36

Average 5.43 5.64 5.24 6.16 6.14 5.72

Zone 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Average

NHZ NC 3.92 6.29 4.58 2.62 4.35

NEPZ NC 4.78 7.39 9.7 8.12 7.50

NWPZ NC 2.9 5.02 4.93 5.35 4.55

CZ NC 6.15 7.57 7.62 5.17 6.63

Average NC 4.44 6.57 6.71 5.32 5.76

Table 13. Yield gain (q/ha) for barley in different zones for 2013-14 to 2017-18

NC: Not Conducted

17


Celebrations

• 72 Independence day was celebrated on 15 nd th

August 2018.

• Rajbhasa Utsava and Hindi Pakhwada was celebrated during 1-15 September, 2018.

• Organized Swachta Pakhwada during 15 September to 2 October and 16-31 December 2018.

• Commemorated 150 Birth Anniversary of t h

Mahatma Gandhi on 2 October, 2018.

• Organized Vigilance Awareness Week from 29 October to 3 November, 2018.

Meetings/Programmes/Events

• Organized one day brain storming session on “Blast proo�ing in agriculture” on August 8, 2018 at ICAR-Indian institute of wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal in collaboration with Indian Phytopathological Society, New Delhi, Society for Advancement of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal and Indian Society of Plant Pathologists, Ludhiana.

• 57 All India Wheat and Barley Workers Meet was th

organized during 24-26 August, 2018 in collobaration with Birsa Agriculture University, Ranchi. Hon'ble Governor of Jharkhand graced the occassion.

• Organized Seed Production Interface Meet: A step towards Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) on 17 September, 2018.

• XXV IMC meeting was held on 17 September, 2018 at IIWBR, Karnal.

• RAC meeting was organized on 12 November, 2018 at IIWBR under the Chairmanship of Dr H.S. Gupta. former DG, BISA and Director IARI, New Delhi.

18


• Agriculture education day was organized on 3 December, 2018 at IIWBR, Karnal.

• QRT Meeting held on 10-11 December, 2018 under the Chairmanship of Prof. RB Singh, Chancellor CAU, Imphal and Ex President, NAAS, New Delhi.

• ISO certi�ication Review Meeting was held on 29 December, 2018.

Training Programme Organized

• One day training programme on “Gujarat me Gehoon ki Unnat Kheti” was organized for 33 farmers from Anand district of Gujarat on 5 July, 2018 at ICAR-IIWBR.

• Organized model training course on “ Strengthening

value chain in wheat and barley for doubling farmers income” from 18-25 September, 2018, sponsored by the Directorate of Extension, DAC&FW, MOA&FW, New Delhi.

• National training programme on “Conservation agriculture for improving productivity and sustainability of wheat based system” was organized on 11-13 October, 2018 in collaboration with ICAR-IIWBR , CIMMYT, Mexico under Aegis BMZ Project at ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal.

Training Programme Attended

• Dr. Poonam Jasrotia attended “Brain storming on Blast Proo�ing in Agriculture on “August, 08, 2018 , at IIWBR, Karnal.

• Dr. PL Kashyap attended meeting on occurrence of blast like diseases on wheat held on August 31, 2018 at SAMETI, Narendrapur, Kolkata.

• Dr. Jogender Singh attended “Training Programme on Analysis of Experimental Data “held at NAARM, Hyderabad during 6-11 September, 2018.

• Dr. Poonam Jasrotia attended Management Development Program (MDP) on PME, held at ICAR-NAARM during 17-22 December 2018

Deputation Abroad

• Dr. Gopalareddy K, participated in the training program on "Marker assisted selection and breeding of wheat rust resistance from 1-30 September at Cornell University, USA.

• Dr. Karnam Venkatesh participated in the training program on “Improvement of nitrogen use ef�iciency in wheat” from 1 September to 31 October, 2018 at Norwich , UK.

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• Dr. Mamrutha, HM participated in training programme on“ High throughput wheat phenotyping” from 17-18

th

September at Bologna, Italy.

• Dr. Sonia Sheoran attended Workshop on “Data management for wheat phenotyping" at Versailles, France” during 24-25 September, 2018.

• Dr. Gyanendra Pratap Singh participated in CIMMYT board meeting from 3-6 October, 2018 at Kathmandu, Nepal.

• Dr. Hanif Khan attended training course on "Standardization of stem rust �ield notes and germplasm evaluation discussions on stripe rust and leaf rust"

th th during 29 September to 9 October, 2018 at Njoro, Kenya.

Distinguished Visitors

Ÿ Sh. Chhabilendra Roul, Special Secretary (DARE) and Secretary (ICAR) visited ICAR-IIWBR on 7 July, 2018.

Ÿ Dr. T. Mohapatra, Secretary DARE and DG, ICAR visited ICAR-IIWBR on 03.11.2018 and inaugurated the Farm Of�ice cum Lab Building.

Ÿ Dr. A. K. Singh, DDG (Horticulture and Crop Science) visited ICAR-IIWBR on 03.11.2018 on the occasion of inauguration of Farm Of�ice cum Lab Building.

Extension Activities

• Farmer Scientist Workshop and Seed Day was

organized at IIWBR, Karnal on 15 October, 2018 in collaboration with NABARD. More than 1500 farmers participated in this event.

• Organized “World Soil Day” on 5 December, 2018 at village Ved Kheri, Western UP.

• Organized 'Kisan Diwas' at village Shekhpura Khalsa (district Karnal) on 23.12.2018.

Awards/Recognition

• Institute Hindi Magazine “Gehoon Avam Jau Swarnima” 2017 was awarded with "Ganesh Shankar Vidhyarthi Hindi Patrika" second prize on 16.07.2018.

Ÿ Gehoon Avam Jau Swarnima was awarded as best Hindi magazine by Nagar Rajbhasha Karyanvayan Samiti, NDRI, Karnal for the year 2018

Ÿ Dr Sewa Ram honoured with Dr. S. Nagarajan Memorial Award 2018 by the Society for Advancement of Wheat and Barley Research (SAWBAR) for outstanding contribution in wheat quality during 57 Wheat and Barley Workshop

th

held at Ranchi in August 2018.

Ÿ Dr. Sewa Ram bestowed with Paper Award by the Society for Advancement of Wheat and Barley Research (SAWBAR) for the paper published in

20


Journal of Wheat Research (JWR) (2017) 9(1):42-46. The Award was presented during 57 Wheat and th

Barley Workshop held at Ranchi in August 2018.

Ÿ Dr. Satish Kumar received Prof. Mahatim Singh Memorial Award and SAWBAR Fellow (Crop

thInprovement) during the 57 Wheat and Barly Workshop held at Ranchi in August 2018.

• Sh. Om Prakash was awarded with ICAR Best worker in technical category on 16 July 2018.

• Sh. Aman Kumar was awarded with ICAR Best worker in skilled supporting staff category on 16 July 2018.

• Dr. PL Kashyap awarded NAAS Associate 2019 by the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), New Delhi and Prof. Abrar Mustafa Memorial Award (Jr) in National Conference on Bio-intensive Approaches in Plant Protection and their Socio-economic Impacts organized by Department of Plant Protection, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh from 29-30 October, 2018.

New Joinings

• Sh. Om Prakash, TO, has joined ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal on 1 August, 2018 on account of his transfer from ICAR- CSWRI, Bikaner.

• Sh. Vijay Kumar, STA, has joined ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal on 13 August, 2018 on account of his transfer from ICAR- Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka.

• Sh. Lakhvinder Singh, SSS, has joined ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal on 6 August, 2018 on account of his transfer from ICAR- Research Complex, Barapani.

• Ms. Sonam Verma , LDC joined ICAR-IIWBR, Karnal thon 11 October, 2018.

Superannuation

Sh. Sukh Ram , TA, superannuated from the service on th

31 August, 2018.

ICAR North Zone Sports

Ÿ ICAR-IIWBR participated in ICAR North Zone Inter Institutional Sports Meet held at ICAR-CIRB, Hisar during 14-16 November, 2018.

Documents

WHEAT & BARLEY NEWSLETTER - IIWBR · 24/5/39 T. aestivum cv. Highbury / Aegilops mutica (2130012) 131 147 117 17 56 19.2 46.7 51.7 34 31/1/1 T. aestivum cv. Pavon 76 / Aegilops mutica