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NORWEGIAN
GEOLOGY
- is diverse
• Archean-Neoproterozoic
basement
• Paleoproterozoic
greenstone belts
• Proterozoic AMCG
provinces
• Carbonatites
• Caledonides as a major
structural element
• Paleozoic continental
Oslo rift
Metals
Industrial minerals
ol
an
Ti fsp
Fe
Mo
Fe
qz
C
qz
qz
qz
nef
dol
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
dol
cc dol
cc
Active mining in Norway
NORWAY Extraction Processing
Employees 5 000 30 000
Turnover Mill. US$ 1 700 20 000
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
KNOWN METALLIC ORES OF
CURRENT AND POSSIBLE
FUTURE IMPORTANCE
ACTIVE
IMPORTANT
Cu Fe Ni-Cu-PGE Au Ni-PGE Cu-Au Au-Cu Ni-Cu-Co Cu Fe Be Zn-Cu-Pb-Au Au Cu-Zn Cu-Zn Fe-V Zn-Cu Ni-Cu Ti Ni Mo Ni Cu-Co Nb-REE Mo Ti-P Ti
IMPORTANT
DEPOSITS
The most important known
deposits north of 60N are
described in ”Mineral Resources in
the Arctic” (Boyd et al. 2016)
NUSSIR – the largest copper deposit found in Norway
Pre-feasibility study completed:
Nussir: JORC compliant 65 Mt
Indicated: 18Mt @ 1.21 % Cu
Inferred: 47 Mt @ 1.16 % Cu
+ payable amounts of Au and Ag
Ulveryggen: JORC compliant 8 Mt
Indicated: 4Mt @ 0.81 % Cu
Inferred: 4Mt @ 0.79 % Cu
ENGEBØFJELLET Ti
Approved industrial area plan and discharge permit by the Norwegian government
Pre-feasibility study on-going
Permitted for 50 years, low regulatory risk, good infrastructure, close to market
FEN CARBONATITE(580 Ma)
• Søvitic calcio-carbonates with niobium and REE hosted by apatite
• Rauhaugitic ferro-carbonates with REE hosted by fluor-carbonates
• Rødbergite, altered ferro-carbonates; REE, Fe, Th
• Big resource (some 100 Mt) but no good quantification exists.
EXPLORATION
Cu, Au, Ni, PGE
Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Be
Cu, Zn, Au
Ti
REE, Nb, Cu, F, Mo, Co, P, Ti,
Ni, Sc
EXPLORATION
VMS AND SEDIMENT-HOSTED
Cu-Zn-Pb DEPOSITS
BROWNFIELD EXPLORATION
ON-GOING IN SEVERAL
MINING DISTRICTS
SEA FLOOR MASSIVE SULPHIDES IN NORWEGIAN WATERS
Pedersen and Bjerkgård 2016
- and a strong subsea
technology sector. A
powerful future mix (??)
Images: Offshore.no 2013
WHY EXPLORE IN NORWAY??
• SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL FOR NEW DISCOVERIES
• ALWAYS CLOSE TO ICE-FREE DEEP-SEA HARBORS
• CLOSE TO EUROPEAN MARKETS
• INFRASTRUCTURE IN PLACE
• ACCESS TO CLEAN GREEN ENERGY (100 % HYDRO POWERED)
• SECURE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT
• VERY STRONG DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY FOR OFF-TAKE
SERVING WORLD AND EUROPEAN MARKETS
Europe’s No 1 supplier of: titanium minerals, aluminum, ferroalloys, manganese alloys, nickel, ultra pure
quartz, silicon, mineral based fertilizer, nepheline, carbonate filler
SUMMARY, NORWAY:
• Dominated by industrial minerals, such as flake-quality graphite,
carbonates, nepheline syenite, olivine, quartz in various qualities.
• Two iron mines, one fully active
• One hard rock ilmenite mine (c. 6 % of World TiO2 produce)
• One low-production molybdenum mine
• Two major projects in feasibility stage: Sedimentary copper and
hard rock rutile
• Active brownfield exploration targets: Ni, VMS (Cu-Zn), Au
• Major greenfield targets: Mo, Ti-P, Ni-Cu-PGE, REE
• MAJOR ASSETS: ALWAYS CLOSE TO DEEP-SEA HARBOURS AND
CLEAN GREEN ENERGY