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What’s new in the Child Poverty Unit – Research and Measurement Team
Research and Measurement TeamChild Poverty Unit
Developments since the strategy was published• Many of the indicators have now been published in Department
Business Plans• DfE held a consultation on the revised Early Years Foundation Stage• There are clear overlaps with the Social Mobility Strategy so we are
developing joint approach to reporting against these indicators• The 2009/10 data on family resources, including a new severe poverty
measure, was published (the HBAI series)• Local (proxy) child poverty data for 2009 and 2010 and the revised child
poverty data for 2009 were published• We published ‘What does the Local Child Poverty Measure tell us about
the distribution of child poverty in England?’ • We will be producing analytical updates that will be sent to the CP
networks and posted on Communities of Practice
Severe Poverty
•A national level severe poverty measure was reported this year for the first time •This section shows some data from a paper investigating severe poverty and material deprivation, which we will be publishing in a couple of months
Severe poverty measure
• A national level severe poverty measure was reported in HBAI for the first time
• The measure combines an income under 50% of median and material deprivation in order to isolate those who are in the most severe poverty
• We have looked at the characteristics of those in severe poverty and compared them to the characteristics of those in relative poverty (below 60% of median income)
– To understand the composition of these groups– To try to develop a local severe poverty measure
• Save the Children produce their own measure of local severe poverty although they use a different definition to HBAI
• The severe poverty measure includes material deprivation as well as income
• To assess material deprivation the Family Resources Survey asks 21 material deprivation questions (11 adult and 10 child)
• Families are asked if they have a good or service and, if not, whether this is because they do not want it or because they cannot afford it
• A prevalence weighted approach is used, meaning a greater importance, when an item is lacked, is assigned to those items that are more commonly owned in the population
• A child is considered deprived if they live in a family that has a final score of 25 or more
Material deprivation
Lone parents are more at risk of severe poverty than couples
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Lone parent: Couple with children:
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of c
hild
ren
Relative povertySevere Poverty
• The risk of being in severe poverty can be compared to the risk of being in relative poverty
Workless households are more at risk of severe poverty than working households
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All adults in work At least one adult inwork, but not all
Worklesshouseholds
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f ch
ildre
n Relative povertySevere Poverty
• The risk of being in severe poverty can be compared to the risk of being in relative poverty
Families where someone is disabled are more at risk of severe poverty
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Those living infamilies where
no-one isdisabled
No disabledadult, 1 or moredisabled child
1 or moredisabled adult,
no disabled child
1 or moredisabled adult, 1or more disabled
child
Pe
rce
ntag
e o
f chi
ldre
n
Relative povertySevere Poverty
• The risk of being in severe poverty can be compared to the risk of being in relative poverty
Large families are more at risk of severe poverty
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
One child Two children Three or morechildren
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of c
hild
ren
Relative povertySevere Poverty
• The risk of being in severe poverty can be compared to the risk of being in relative poverty
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
N
orth
Eas
t
N
orth
Wes
t
Y
orks
hire
and
the
Hum
ber
E
ast
Mid
land
s
W
est
Mid
land
s
E
ast
L
ondo
n
S
outh
Eas
t
S
outh
Wes
t
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of c
hild
ren
Relative povertySevere Poverty
Regions have different risks of severe poverty
• The risk of being in severe poverty can be compared to the risk of being in relative poverty
‘Ending child poverty everybody’s business’
• As the previous charts show, those groups who are most at risk of relative poverty (lone parents, workless families, large families) are also most at risk of severe poverty
• This makes predicting severe poverty at a local level more difficult… … but does mean that policies that target those in relative poverty could also have an impact on severe poverty
Predicting severe poverty at a local level
•Do you use the Save the Children severe poverty local measure?
•Would you find a severe poverty local measure useful?
•What other data sources you use to estimate severe poverty in your area?
Basket of indicators
•We are now updating the basket of indicators and this section talks about the progress we have made and our future plans
• Last Autumn, as part of the Needs Assessment Toolkit, we provided local authorities with information about data sources they could use to look at child poverty in their areas
• We are now updating the basket of indicators to align it to the indicators published in the Child Poverty Strategy, to reflect the fact that some data is no longer available and to include further data sources
• A update of the basket of indicators will be published on the Communities of Practice soon
• We would like to consult with LAs about our updated toolkit at the next round of CP Network meetings
• The following slides provide an update on the status of the data sources currently in the basket
Basket of indicators
Indicator Department responsible
Inequality gap in the achievement of a Level 2 qualification by the age of 18 (NI 82) Department for Education
Young people from low income backgrounds progressing to higher education (NI 106) Business Innovative and Skills
Under 18 conception rate (NI 112) Department for Education
16 to 18 year olds who are not in education, training or employment (NEET) (NI 117) Department for Education
Adults with learning disabilities in employment (146) NHS
Adults receiving secondary mental health services in employment (NI 150) NHS
Number of households living in temporary accommodation (NI 156) DCLG
Proportion of population aged 19-64 for males and 19-59 for females qualified to at least Level 2 or higher (NI 163).
Business Innovative and Skills
Median earnings of employees in the area (NI 166) Business Innovative and Skills
Working age people with access to employment by public transport (and other specified modes) (NI 172)
Department for Transport
Time taken to process Housing Benefit/Council Tax Benefit new claims and change events (NI 181)
Department for Work and Pensions
Tackling fuel poverty - % of people receiving income based benefits living in homes with a low or high energy efficient rating (NI 187)
Department for Energy and Climate Change
Indicators that are still published
Indicator Department responsible
Reduction in number of schools where fewer than 55% of pupils achieve level 4 or above in both English and Maths at KS2 (NI 76)
Department for Education
Reduction in the number of schools where fewer than 30% of pupils achieve 5 or more A*-C grades at GCSE and equivalent including English and Maths (NI 78)
Department for Education
Narrowing the gap between the lowest achieving 20% in the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile and the rest (NI 92)
Department for Education
Looked after children achieving 5 A*-C GCSEs (or equivalent) at Key Stage 4 (including English and Maths) (NI 101)
Department for Education
Achievement gap between pupils eligible for free school meals and their peers achieving the expected level at Key Stages 2 and 4.
Department for Education
The Special Educational Needs (SEN)/non-SEN gap – achieving 5 A*-C GCSE including English and Maths
Department for Education
Key Stage 4 attainment for Black and minority ethnic groups (NI 108) Department for Education
Take up of formal childcare by low income working families (NI 118) Department for Education
Overall Employment rate (working age) (NI 151) Department for Work and Pensions
Working age people claiming out of work benefits in the worst performing neighbourhoods (NI 153)
Department for Work and Pensions
Indicators likely to continue in an altered form
Indicator Source
Gross weekly pay by LA of residence or LA of employment Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings
Hourly rate of pay by LA of residence or LA of employment Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings
Hours worked by LA of residence or LA of employment Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings
Numbers in employment by occupation Nomis
Receipt of key benefits (out-of-work benefits, disability benefits) by number of dependent children
Nomis
Severe poverty local indicator Child Poverty Unit
Total Personal Insolvencies by area The Insolvency Service
Other data sources we are considering
•Are there any indicators you would like us to look into?
•Are there any indicators in the current basket that you find particularly useful?
•Are there any other indicators you use locally?
Extra support and contact details
• Website: http://www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/families/childpoverty
• Email: [email protected]
• Child Poverty Community of Practice: http://www.communities.idea.gov.uk/reg/sp.do
