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What’s New in Fiber?
S.E. Region BICSI Meeting July 21, 2016
Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
Guy Swindell, RCDD
Agenda
Review of Fiber Types
Fiber Classifications and Standards
Fiber Selection Considerations
Latest Fiber Offerings
Evolution of Fiber Technology
2
Two Basic Optical Fiber Types
Larger cores and lower wavelengths drive source and system costs down
1. Multimode 2. Single-mode
62.5 micron 50 micron ~8 micron
125 micron
850 nm Operating 1310 - 1625 nm & some 1300nm Wavelengths
3
Modal Dispersion in MMF
Light Signal travels along many paths
Pulse spreading occurs due to Modal Dispersion or Differential Mode Delay (DMD)
Pulse spreading limits Bandwidth
Input Pulse Output Pulse
1 0 1 1 0 ? ? ? ? 1
4
Modal Dispersion / DMD Minimized in OM3 and especially OM4 MM Fiber
Input Pulse Output Pulse
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
5
Singlemode Fiber
Eliminates modal dispersion. Enables tremendous transmission capacity over very long
distances.
Small core guides only one mode
6
Fiber Classifications & Standards
7
Multimode Fiber Types
8
MM Fiber Type
ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC
60793-2-50 ITU-T Overfilled Bandwidth
(850nm, MHz-km)
Effective Modal Bandwidth
(EMB) “Laser Bandwidth”
(850nm, MHz-km)
62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 ---
50 / 125 50 / 125 50 / 125
OM2 OM3 OM4
492AAAB 492AAAC 492AAAD
A1a.1 A1a.2 A1a.3
G.651.1
500
1500 3500
---
2000 4700
Multimode Fiber Types
9
MM Fiber Type
ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC
60793-2-50 ITU-T Overfilled Bandwidth
(850nm, MHz-km)
Effective Modal Bandwidth
(EMB) “Laser Bandwidth”
(850nm, MHz-km)
62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 ---
50 / 125 50 / 125 50 / 125
OM2 OM3 OM4
492AAAB 492AAAC 492AAAD
Non-BI / BI
A1a.1a / A1a.1b A1a.2a / A1a.2b A1a.3a / A1a.3b
G.651.1
500
1500 3500
---
2000 4700
Multimode Fiber Types
10
MM Fiber Type
ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC
60793-2-50 ITU-T Overfilled Bandwidth
850nm / 1300nm (MHz-km)
Effective Modal Bandwidth
(EMB) “Laser Bandwidth”
850nm (MHz-km)
62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 / 500 ---
50 / 125 50 / 125 50 / 125
OM2 OM3 OM4
492AAAB 492AAAC 492AAAD
Non-BI / BI
A1a.1a / A1a.1b A1a.2a / A1a.2b A1a.3a / A1a.3b
G.651.1
500 / 500
1500 / 500 3500 / 500
---
2000 4700
Singlemode Fiber Types
11
SM Fiber Type ITU-T ISO / IEC
11801 TIA IEC 60793-2-50
Legacy G.652.A or G.652.B OS1 492CAAA B1.1
Low Water Peak
G.652.C or G.652.D OS1 or OS2 492CAAB B1.3
Bend-Insensitive
G.657.A1 G.657.A2 G.657.B2 G.657.B3
--- ---
B6_a1 B6_a2 B6_b2 B6_b3
Singlemode Fiber Types (continued)
OSx designations are from ISO/IEC 11801 International Cabling Standard
12
SM Cabled Fiber
Designation
Wavelength (nm)
Max CABLE Loss
(dB/km) Cable Type
Typcial Reach
(meters)
OS1 1310 1383 1550
1.0 --- 1.0
Typically Tight Buffer 2000
OS2 1310 1383 1550
0.4 0.4 0.4
Typically Loose Tube 10,000
Singlemode Fiber Types – Low & Zero Water Peak (G.652.C & D and G.657.Ax)
wavelength (nm) E U
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1500 1600
Loss
(dB/
km)
O
1650
L C S
CWDM
Conventional SMF (G.652A or B)
ZWP SMF (G.652D)
LWP SMF (G.652C or D)
Wavelength (nm)
13
Minimum Design Radius
Category A (G.652D Compliant)
Category B (G.652D Compatible)
10 mm G.657.A1
7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2
5.0 mm G.657.B3
For traditional Longer Reach Applications
For Shorter Reach Applications
(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)
14
Singlemode Fiber Types – Bend-Insensitive (G.657.xx)
Latest Fiber Offerings
15
Multimode – WideBand MMF
For use with multiple wavelengths Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology
• Commonly used on Singlemode
For Multimode, it will be called SWDM –
Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing
16
Conventional Multimode – One Wavelength (850nm)
λ (850nm)
λ
17
WideBand Multimode – Multiple Wavelengths
λ 850 nm
λ ~880 nm
λ ~910 nm
λ ~940 nm
Mux
λ λ λ λ Demux
18
WideBand MMF 4x the bandwidth of current OM4 fiber
Continue to support legacy 850nm OM4 applications
Support for duplex 100G technology
Will support 8-fiber 400G technology
Standards • Joint task group in TIA TR-42.11 and TR-42.12 developing specification
for WideBand Multimode Fiber − Participation from diverse group, including active device and systems
vendors − TIA specification will be mirrored by IEC 86A
19
Minimum Design Radius
Category A (G.652D Compliant)
Category B (G.652D Compatible)
10 mm G.657.A1
7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2
5.0 mm G.657.B3
For traditional Longer Reach Applications
For Shorter Reach Applications
(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)
20
Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive
Minimum Design Radius
Category A (G.652D Compliant)
Category B (G.652D Compatible)
10 mm G.657.A1
7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2
5.0 mm G.657.B3
For traditional Longer Reach Applications
For Shorter Reach Applications
(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)
21
Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive
“G.657.A3”
Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive
ITU-T Fiber Type
Nominal MFD
1550nm Loss @ Bend Radius
Splicing to G.652.D
Fiber
G.652.D 9.2 um 0.05 dB @16 mm Seamless
G.657.A1 8.9 um 0.75 dB @10 mm OK
G.657.A2 8.8 um 0.50 dB @7.5 mm OK
22
Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive Good Bend and Splicing Performance
ITU-T Fiber Type
Nominal MFD
1550nm Loss @ Bend Radius
Splicing to G.652.D
Fiber
G.652.D 9.2 um 0.05 dB @16 mm Seamless
G.657.A1 8.9 um 0.75 dB @10 mm OK
G.657.A2 8.8 um 0.50 dB @7.5 mm OK
G.652.D & G.657.A1
9.2 um 0.75 dB @10 mm Seamless
23
Fiber Selection Considerations
24
MM or SM? Speed, Reach, Cost…
Up to 10G (Enterprise & Campus Backbones, “Simple” Data Centers)
• Multimode up to 600m1 (~2000 ft) − OM3 to 300m − OM4 to 400m
40G & 100G (Data Centers, High Performance Computing)
• Multimode up to 200m1 (~650 ft) − OM3 to 100m − OM4 to 150m
400G (Mega Data Centers, High End Computing Centers)
• Multimode up to 100m2 (300+ ft) • Extended reach options likely
25
1 Engineered Link using OM4+ MMF
2 IEEE Objective
MM vs. SM Cost Considerations
Cost References: www.sanspot.com www.cdw.com
Oct. 2015
PMD Fiber Type Relative
Transceiver Cost
Power Consumption (Watts, max)
10GBASE-SR MM 1 1
10GBASE-LR SM 2 1 - 1.5
40GBASE-SR4 MM 3 1.5
40GBASE-LR4 SM 10 3.5
100GBASE-SR10 MM 20 3.5
100GBASE-LR4 SM 80 5 - 8
Power Consumption References: www.finisar.com www.avagotech.com
Oct. 2015
MM continues to be more cost effective than SM for short reach Cost of optics (transceivers) dominates link. Power Consumption of MM optics is less than SM.
26
Which Multimode Should I Use? - 62.5 um? (OM1) - 50 um? (OM2, OM3, OM4…)
Data Center and Cabling Standards are dropping OM1 62.5um fiber, and even OM2 50um, calling out Laser-Optimized OM3 & OM4 only, with “OM4 preferred”.
OM3 or OM4 required for reasonable LAN / Campus 10G backbone distances.
Only OM3 and OM4 can be used for 40G and 100G.
Mixing different types or grades of multimode not recommended, but technically feasible if absolutely necessary.
• Can mix 50um and 62.5um in a system when separated by active electronics.
• If connected together directly, you may incur large one-way connection loss.
• Overall reach of link de-rated based on lesser bandwidth.
27
Selecting Multimode Fiber for Declining Loss Budgets
Increasingly tight system attenuation requirements
1.5 dB for 40/100 Gb/s Ethernet on OM4 fiber!
28
Ferrule
Improved Glass Geometry Specs provides better core-to-core alignment for minimal connection loss
Optical Fiber
Fiber Core
Better matching of NA
Smaller gap between
ferrule and fiber
Core better centered
29
Evolution of Fiber Technology
30
IP Traffic Growth
Global IP traffic will grow by 3x over the next 5 years.
Over 70% of all traffic will come from non-PC devices by 2020.
The number of devices connected to IP networks will be 3x the global population in 2020.
Broadband speeds will nearly double by 2020.
Consumer VoD traffic will nearly double by 2020.
Internet video to TV grew 50 percent in 2015.
Virtual reality traffic quadrupled in 2015.
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2015-2020 June 1, 2016
31
IP Traffic Growth
“Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI): Forecast and Methodology, 2014-2019"
May 27, 2015
32
Major Internet Applications Growth ( Last 3 Years )
Facebook1
Number of Users: 10-13% yearly growth
Netflix2
Members: 24% yearly growth
Revenues: Avg 5.6% quarterly growth (7.4% 1Q2016)
YouTube3
1+ billion users
50% year-over-year increase in watch time 3 straight years.
33
1 http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts 2 http://ir.netflix.com/index.cfm 3 https://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html
Evolution of Ethernet Speeds
34
“The 2015 Ethernet Roadmap”, Ethernet Alliance, March 2015
Multimode Fiber Options and Reaches – CURRENT (per IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard)
Data Rate PMD OM3
50 µm OM4
50 µm OM1
62.5 µm OM2
50 µm
10G 10GBASE-SR (1f x 10G) 300m 400m 33m 82m
40G 40GBASE-SR4 (4f x 10G) 100m 150m --- ---
100G 100GBASE-SR10 (10f x 10G) 100GBASE-SR4 (4f x 25G)
100m 70m
150m 100m
--- ---
35
Multimode Fiber Options and Reaches – CURRENT & FUTURE
Data Rate PMD OM3
50 µm OM4
50 µm
10G 10GBASE-SR (1f x 10G) 300m 400m
25G (in process)
25GBASE-SR (1f x 25G) At least 100m
40G 40GBASE-SR4 (4f x 10G) 100m 150m
50G (in process)
50GBASE-SR (1f x 50G) At least 100m
100G
100GBASE-SR10 (10f x 10G) 100GBASE-SR4 (4f x 25G)
100m 70m
150m 100m
100GBASE-SR2 (2f x 50G) At least 100m
200G (in process)
200GBASE-SR4 (4f x 50G) At least 100m
400G (in process)
400GBASE-SR16 (16f x 25G) At least 100m
400G (future)
4f x 4λ x 25G At least 100m 36
Singlemode Fiber Options and Reaches - CURRENT (per IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard)
Data Rate PMD Reach
10G 10GBASE-LR (1f x 10G) 10GBASE-ER (1f x 10G) 10GBASE-ZR* (1f x 10G)
10 km 40 km 80 km
40G 40GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 10G) 40GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 10G)
10 km 40 km
100G 100GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 25G) 100GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 25G)
10 km 40 km
* Not specified as part of IEEE 802.3 Std
37
Singlemode Fiber Options and Reaches – CURRENT & FUTURE
Data Rate PMD Reach
10G 10GBASE-LR (1f x 10G) 10GBASE-ER (1f x 10G) 10GBASE-ZR* (1f x 10G)
10 km 40 km 80 km
25G (in process)
25GBASE-LR4 (1f x 25G) 25GBASE-ER4 (1f x 25G)
10 km 40 km
40G 40GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 10G) 40GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 10G)
10 km 40 km
50G (in process)
50GBASE-FR4 (1f x 50G) 2 km
* Not specified as part of IEEE 802.3 Std
38
Continued…
Singlemode Fiber Options and Reaches – CURRENT & FUTURE (Continued)
Data Rate PMD Reach
100G
100GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 25G) 100GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 25G)
10 km 40 km
100GBASE-DR2 (2f x 50G) 100GBASE-FR2 (2λ x 50G)
500 m 2 km
200G (in process)
200GBASE-DR4 (4f x 50G) 200GBASE-FR4 (4λ x 50G) 200GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 50G)
500 m 2 km 10 km
400G (in process)
400GBASE-DR4 (4f x 100G) 400GBASE-FR8 (8λ x 50G) 400GBASE-LR8 (8λ x 50G)
500 m 2 km 10 km
39
A move toward 16 and/or 8 fiber units (in addition to 12)
Ethernet transmission speeds are moving from 10G per lane to 25G per lane to support higher data rates.
Likely upgrade paths for multimode fiber results in units of 4 fibers: • 40G ÷ 10G per fiber = 4 fibers • 100G ÷ 25G per fiber = 4 fibers • 400G ÷ 25G per fiber = 16 fibers • 400G ÷ 25G per wavelength per fiber = 4 fibers
8 / 16 fiber units may work better than 12 fiber units in supporting full fiber utilization.
Discussions in TIA to support: • 16-pin MPO connector (TR 42.13) • Polarity descriptions that cover n-number of fiber units (TR 42.11) • 4 new fiber colors to support 16-fiber ribbons / bundles (TR 42.12)
40
Thank you…..
41