What’s important?

• We finally figured out that the Articles of Confederation didn’t work. DUH

• So what do we do next? • How do we fix this mess we’ve gotten

ourselves into?• Help us Obi Wan! You’re our only hope!

Warm up on a blank sheet of notebook paper…

• Imagine you and some of your friends want to go to the movies. How will your group decide what movie to see?

• We call the process ___________.• A compromise is when you give up a little

of what you want to get something good in return.

• As a delegate you might have to compromise to come up with the solution to the representation problem.

compromise

1. We Need a Better Government2. Slavery During the Articles3. Welcome to the Constitutional

Convention…4. “___ is often called…”5. The Great Compromise6. What about the slaves?

• After the Revolutionary War ended, the United States went through a ___________, a period when economic activity slowed and unemployment increased.

What little money there was went to pay _____________, and a serious ________________ resulted.

depression

foreign debtscurrency shortage

• American farmers suffered because they could not _____________.

• They had trouble _____________ levied by the state to meet war debts.

• State officials ___________________ to pay their debts and threw many farmers into jail.

sell their goods

paying taxes

seized farmers’ lands

Farmers in Massachusetts viewed the new government as another form of tyranny. They wanted government to make new policies to ________________. _______________ led a group that forced courts in western Massachusetts to close so that judges could not ________________.

relieve debtorsDaniel Shays

take farmers’ lands

• Many Americans worried that the government could not ________________ ____________

Control unrest and

prevent violence

_________ existed and was legal in most states, including Northern states.

Slavery

• _____________________ faced discrimination. Few states gave free African Americans the right to ________.

• Virginia passed a law that encouraged _____________, the freeing of individual enslaved persons.

• States south of Pennsylvania still clung to the institution of slavery

• The ________________ of the South had been built on slavery, and many southerners feared that their economy could not survive without it.

• The __________________ in the North divided the new country on the slavery issue.

Free African Americansvote

manumission

plantation system

abolition of slavery

A Call for Change

• The American Revolution had led to a union of 13 states, but it had not yet created a _________.

• Some leaders demanded a reform to the Articles of Confederation in order to ________________________________

nation

create a stronger national government

Two Americans led the movement for change - ____________________________James Madison and Alexander Hamilton

At first, _____________________ was not enthusiastic about the movement to revise the Articles of Confederation.

After ________________, Washington changed his mind. His agreement to attend the convention gave the meeting greater _____________.

George Washington

Shays’ Rebellion

significance

Welcome to the Constitutional Convention

Why are we here?

The purpose of this convention is to ________________ to the Articles of Confederation.

(Hopefully before our country completely falls apart!)

make repairs

Where are we?

• We are at ______________________ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Independence Hall

When is this taking place?

• It is the summer of ______.

• The temperature is a warm 98 degrees with a relative humidity of 87%.

• (that means it’s HOT and STICKY!)

1787

Who is here?

• _________________ will be the convention’s leader.

•________________ will take notes for us (called the Father of the Constitution)

George Washington

James Madison

•The 55 delegates (really important rich, white guys) included several state leaders:

•Having ____________________ _______________ there ensured that many people would trust the Convention’s work.

George Washington and

Benjamin Franklin

• ______________ careful notes are the major source of information about the Convention’s work.

• _________ is often called the ________ ___________ because he was the author of the basic plan of government that the Constitution adopted

James Madison’s

Madisonthe Constitution”

Who’s Your Daddy?

“Father of

How are we going to fix the Articles?

• All 13 states could agree to changes.• But, only 12 states are here.

• We could make new laws- that only requires 9 states to agree.

• But, we have tried that for the past 11 years and it hasn’t worked yet.

• Or, we could start all over from the beginning.

• We had NO OTHER CHOICE, but to trash it and start all over again.

Edmund Randolph of Virginia proposed that delegates create a ___________________ instead of revising the Articles of Confederation.

strong national government

Warm up p 138 • WRITE the QUESTIONS and your answers!

• Title p 138 “James Madison” (JMad)• 1. Who is JMad’s BFF?• 2. Where was JMad’s BFF?• 3. Why was he there?• 4. What did he do for JMad?• 5. How did JMad use this information?• 6. Why is JMad called the “Father of our

Constitution?” (Who’s your daddy?)

Now What?

• What’s in this new government for me and my state?

• The first problem we need to solve is… __________________________________________________________?

how much power will each state get in the new government

Representatives =

Votes =

POWER in government

How should the states be represented in congress?

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0100200300400500600700

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State Populations, 1790

How should the states be represented in congress?

• Virginia Plan

• Representation should be based on the states population!

• New Jersey Plan

• Representation should be based on equality!

The Great Compromise

• ______________of Connecticut suggested what came to be known as the Great Compromise.

Roger Sherman

• A _____________ is an agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants.

compromise

Why can’t we do both?

The Great Compromise

• have a two part congress (two houses = __________)

• and use _____ the ___________ and the _________________ to settle how states get power.

Bicameral

both Virginia planNew Jersey Plan

Part 1 will be based on ____________ and will be called the House of Representatives.

Part2 will be based on _______ and will be called the Senate.equality

The Great Compromise

population

Part 1

Part 2

What about the slaves?

• Are slaves ________ or are they __________?

• If slaves are people then they can’t be slaves and __________________.

• If they are property then they cannot be counted as population and __________________!

peopleproperty

should be set free

must be taxed

How should Slaves be counted?

Comparative Population Counts for Southern States, 1790

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Georgia Md. N. Car. S. Car. Virg.

To

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Total State Population(Including Slaves)

Population NOTCounting Slaves

How should slaves be counted?

South

• Slaves should be counted as population for more representatives

North

• Slaves should be counted as property and be taxed

Now what?

• DO BOTH!!!

• Count slaves as ____________ for representatives AND as property for _________.

population

taxes

ALL of them?

• The _______ refuses to pay that much money in taxes!

• The _______ refuses to accept that many for population.

• What can you do now?

south

north

3/5ths Compromise

• Count _____________ slaves for both population and property

3 of every 5

1 2 3 4 5

For the next slide of notes

• Turn to page 147 of your spiral and write in the information on the next slide directly into your spiral…

Commerce Compromise

1. The federal government does NOT have the right to regulate the slave trade for 20 years. So no slave trade laws until 1807

2. Runaway slaves MUST be returned to the south since they are property.

3. The federal government can tax imports but NOT exports.