Whatever You Thought, Think Again.

A Very Delicate Virus

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus - HIV is full of contradictions – –Very fragile; fresh air destroys the virus in

minutes–Contact with rubbing alcohol or

chlorinated H2O deactivates HIV

–Bar soap neutralizes HIV–Antiviral agents in our saliva destroy HIV

Viruses and Retroviruses• But… once infected with HIV, the virus

attacks the very immune cells that are meant to fight it.

• A typical virus uses the DNA in your cells to replicate.

• An HIV retrovirus incorporates itself into your immune cells and integrates itself into the your genome. This causes a progressive deterioration of the immune system.

Children living with HIV globally, 1990–2007

2.5

Year

Mill

ions

0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0.5

1.0

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

New HIV infections among children, 1990–2007

Year

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070

400 000

500 000

600 000

200 000

300 000

100 000

This bar indicates the range around the estimate

2.6

Attempts to Destigmatize

July 2008 e

Global estimates for adults and children, 2007

•People living with HIV 33 million [30 – 36 million]

•New HIV infections in 2007 2.7 million [2.2 – 3.2 million]

•Deaths due to AIDS in 2007 2.0 million [1.8 – 2.3 million]

July 2008 e

•Children living with HIV 2.0 million [1.9 – 2.3 million]

•New HIV infections in 2007 370 000 [330 000 – 410 000]

•Deaths due to AIDS in 2007 270 000 [250 000 – 290 000]

2007 global HIV and AIDS estimates Children (<15 years)

July 2008 e

Total: 33 million (30 – 36 million)

Western & Central Europe

730 000730 000[580 000 – 1.0 million][580 000 – 1.0 million]

Middle East & North Africa380 000380 000

[280 000 – 510 000][280 000 – 510 000]

Sub-Saharan Africa22.0 million22.0 million

[20.5 – 23.6 million][20.5 – 23.6 million]

Eastern Europe & Central Asia1.5 million 1.5 million [1.1 – 1.9 million][1.1 – 1.9 million]

South & South-East Asia4.2 million4.2 million

[3.5 – 5.3 million][3.5 – 5.3 million]

Oceania74 00074 000

[66 000 – 93 000][66 000 – 93 000]

North America1.2 million

[760 000 – 2.0 million]

Latin America1.7 million1.7 million

[1.5 – 2.1 million][1.5 – 2.1 million]

East Asia740 000740 000

[480 000 – 1.1 million][480 000 – 1.1 million]Caribbean230 000

[210 000 – 270 000]

Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV, 2007

July 2008 e

Western & Central Europe

13001300[<1000 – 1800][<1000 – 1800]

Middle East & North Africa26 00026 000

[18 000 – 34 000][18 000 – 34 000]

Sub-Saharan Africa1.8 million1.8 million

[1.7 – 2.0 million][1.7 – 2.0 million]

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

12 000 12 000 [9100 – 15 000][9100 – 15 000]

South & South-East Asia140 000140 000

[[110 000 – 180 000110 000 – 180 000]]

Oceania11001100[1200][1200]

North America4400

[2600 – 7300]

Latin America44 00044 000

[37 000 – 58 000][37 000 – 58 000]

East Asia78007800

[5300 – 11 000][5300 – 11 000]Caribbean11 000

[9400 – 12 000]

Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV, 2007

Total: 2.0 million (1.9 – 2.3 million)

July 2008 e

Western & Central Europe

<200<200

Middle East & North Africa44004400

[3300 – 5400][3300 – 5400]

Sub-Saharan Africa240 000240 000

[220 000 – 260 000][220 000 – 260 000]

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

1600 1600 [1100 – 2200][1100 – 2200]

South & South-East Asia17 00017 000

[13 000 – 20 000][13 000 – 20 000]

Oceania<500<500

North America<200

[<100 – <500]

Latin America31003100

[2300 – 4400][2300 – 4400]

East Asia12001200

[<1000 – 1900][<1000 – 1900]Caribbean

1200[<1000 – 1400]

Estimated deaths in children (<15 years) from AIDS, 2007

Total: 270 000 (250 000 – 290 000)