What’s New in 18c ???

Presented by : Mandeep Kaur SandhuSenior Oracle DBA

Download these slides from : mandysandhu.com

• Overview of Oracle 12c and introduction to 18c• More focus on DBA oriented features• Multitenant Architect and Enhancements• Know how exiting database features have improved in oracle • New Patching Model• Conclusion

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Goals

Oracle 12c R1 • June 2013

Oracle 12c R1.0.2 • June 2014

Oracle 12c R2 • Cloud 2016 and March 2017 for all

Oracle 18.1• Feb 2018 Exadata Cloud• April 2018 DbaaS• On – Premises ( Sometime in July 2018)

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Recent Release

9i, 11g, 12c , 13, 14,15,16,17, 18c

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18c = 12.2.0.2

Autonomous Database = Oracle cloud service that use 18c database

Multitenant Architecture• First architecture change since V6 • Container Database (CDB)• Pluggable Databases (PDB’s)

What is Achieved??• Consolidation • Ease of maintenance • Cost reduction • Easier and more rapid movement of data

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Oracle 12c – Major change

CDBPDBs

(Application Metadata and data)

Architect

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Root (Oracle System Meta Data)

PDB_1 PDB_252PDB$SEED PDB_2 PDB_251

12.2 : Max_PDBS -> 4096

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Oracle 18c Multitenant Enhancements

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PDB Cloning12.1

• Remote PDB copy ( Sources RO)

12.2 • Remote PDB copy - Hot cloning• Command line used to clone

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1_clone FROM pdb1@clone_link;

• Local PDB - DBCA (PDB$seed or unplugged database)

18c • Local PDB clone – DBCA (Plugged)

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./dbca -silent -createpluggabledatabase -sourcedb cdb18 -createpdbfrom pdb -pdbName pdb18_clone -sourcepdb pdb18

Refreshable PBS’s :• 12.2 – Refresh contents of a remote hot cloned PDB’s• Refresh can be done manually or set to Automatic.• Can change refreshable PDB to a Non-refreshable.• Open Read only, put refresh mode= none for R/W

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Refreshable PDB’s

CDB1 CDB2

Root Root

Seed PDB1PDB1(RO)Seed PDB2

Refreshable PBS’s Switchover:• 18c – Refreshable PDB’s can be switchover• Clone PDB can act as sources and vice versa

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Refreshable PDB’s Switchover

CDB1 CDB2

Root Root

Seed PDB1PDB1(RO)Seed

CDB1 CDB2

Root Root

Seed PDB1(RO)

PDB1Seed

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Implementation

• PDB snapshot is a named copy of PDB at specific time• 18c introduced, Snapshot Carousel – Set of max 8

snapshots• At maximum limit oldest copy overwrite• Content including

• Copy of Data files but no archived redologs• Its an archive file stored in same directory of datafile

location.

• Usage:• Point in time recovery• Generate Non-prod environment

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PDB Snapshot Carousel

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Point in Time Recovery

PDBSEED CDB_PDB1

Mon 1/7

Tue 2/7

Wed 3/7

Thu4/7

Fri 5/7

Sat 6/7

Sun 7/7

Mon 8/7

CDB HR_App

Logical Corruption Fri 5/7

Create using Snapshot

CDB_PDB1

Snapshots -8

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Generate Non-Prod Environment

PDBSEED

Mon 1/7

Tue 2/7

Wed 3/7

Thu4/7

Fri 5/7

Sat 6/7

Sun 7/7

Mon 8/7

CDB HR_App

Auto Snpshots

Refreshable Clone

PDB1_PROD PDB1_test_master

PDB1_test_full

Full Clone

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Implementation

Snapshot Copy PDB : • No complete copy of sources datafiles.• Storage level snapshot• Snapshot copy is a sparse clone

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PDB Snapshot Restore

Collection of CDB’s and hosted PDB’s as one logical CDB.• Lead CDB ( Database property - LEAD_CDB and LEAD_CDB_URI)• CDB Fleet Members

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CDB Fleet

CDB 1 ( Lead Fleet)

Root(CDB$Root)

Pdb$Seed cdb1_fsapp cdb2_fsapp cdb3_fsapp

CDB2

Root(CDB$Root)

Pdb$ Seed cdb2_fsapp

CDB3

Root(CDB$Root)

Pdb$ Seed cdb3_fsapp

Database Infrastructure for scalability and centralized Management • Maximum number of pdb’s (4096) for an application reached.• Different PDB’s that use same application must reside in different

location – CPU/ Memory or I/O resources.

All PDBs in the CDBs are now “visible” in the lead CDB• Monitoring application from one container• SaaS – Same schema across all apps- container clause to run

query against all apps.

Note:• Each PDB should be unique all CDB’s in a CDB fleet.• Create a PDB in any CDB in the fleet but can only open a PDB

in the CDB where it is created.

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Purpose of CDB Fleet

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Oracle 18c RMAN Enhancements

RMAN PDB Duplicates :• 12.2 you can duplicate a PDB to new CDB only• 18c allow RMAN duplicate to existing CDB.• Only Active duplication allowed• Only One PDB can duplicated at a time• Can’t duplicate to a standby CDB• Can’t skip specific tablespace.• REMOTE_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST – location of archive logs.

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RMAN Duplicate

Preplugin Backups:• Backups taken before a Non-CDB or a PDB plugged into a

target CDB• Preplugin backups available from 12.2 but with 18c support

more RMAN command - Catalog, crosscheck, list etc.• PDB backups re-usable after plugging into CDB

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Preplugin Backups

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Oracle 18c Installation And Patch changes

18c offers RPM based database installation• Perform the pre-installation validations and installation

yum -y install oracle-database-server-18c-preinstallrpm -ivh oracle-ee-db-18.1.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm

New location of Password file in 18c• ORACLE_BASE instead of ORACLE_HOME

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Installation - changes

Oracle 18c, You can configure an oracle Home in read only mode• Configuration data and log files are placed outside. • Read only home after Software installation

rootctl – enable –forceroohctl -disable -force

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Read only Oracle Homes

Two new directories• Oracle_base_home• Oracle_base_config

Benefit• Easy patching• Mass rollout• Simplified provisiong of installation and configuration

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18c Release Model:

18.1.0 – Update 1 Included already

Update 218.2.0

Update 3 18.3.0

Update 5 18.5.0

Update 4 18.4.0

Update 2 18.2.1

Revision 1

Update 3 18.3.1

Revision 1

Update 4 18.4.1

Revision 1

Update 5 18.5.1

Revision 1

Update 2 18.2.2

Revision 2

Update 3 18.3.2

Revision 2

Update 4 18.4.2

Revision 2

Update 5 18.5.2

Revision 2

Update 2 18.2.3

Revision 3

Update 3 18.3.1

Revision 3

Update 418.4.1

Revision 3

Update 5 18.5.1

Revision 3

Jan/18

April

July

Oct

Jan/1919.1.0 – New Feature Release

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No PSU or BPVersion number reflect the patch level.

• A release update or revision is only a patch• Patch 18.2.1 -> 18.7.0• Opatch

Upgrade • 18.2.1 -> 19.1.0• dbupgrade or DBUA

MOS – 742060.1

https://mikedietrichde.com/videos/

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Oracle 18c General Enhancements

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SQLPLUS Features – 12.2

• History

• MARKUP CSV on

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SQLPLUS Features – 18c

• Set Feedback on SQL ID

• Set Row Limit N

• Set Linesize Window

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Cancel SQL Statement -18c

• 18c – You can cancel queries in session • Run away queries – consuming resources

ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL SQL ‘SID, SERIAL, [@INST_ID, SQL_ID]’;

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Scalable Sequence – 18c• Sequences can be scalable – Sequences will have extra numbers.• Extra 6 digits = 3 instance number offset + 3 session number offset• Scale = 6 digits + normal sequence number• Extend = 6 digit + Max value • To solve contention – RAC environment

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DBMS_Session Sleep -18c

• Session sleep procedure – No extra privileges• Suspend session for specified number of seconds• Replace DBMS_LOCK

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Schema only Accounts– 18c

• Schema without password• Don’t allow direct connections• Can’t connect through DB links• Not valid for ASM instaces

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Private Temporary Tables–18c

Private Temporary tables • Stored in memory and one is visible to that session• Dropped after session or transaction• ON commit drop/preserve definition• Tables with prefix - ORA$PTT_

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Online commands – 18c

New ONLINE commands are now available for partitioned tables:

ALTER TABLE… MERGE PARTITION… ONLINE;ALTER TABLE… MERGE SUBPARTITION… ONLINE;

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Oracle 18c Data Guard

No Logging operation extended in Oracle data Guard 18c.

• Standby No logging for Data Availability – commit operation is delayed until all standbys are applied the non-logged blocks.

ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR DATA AVAILABILITY;

• Standby No logging for Load Performance

ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR LOAD PERFORMANCE;

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Auto correction of Non-logged blocks – 18c

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Oracle 18c ASM

• Disk repair time increased – 3.6 hrs to 12 hrsDISK_REPAIR_TIME

• Flex Disk groups – No more mount restricted mode for flex disk group conversionALTER DISKGROUP normaltoflex CONVERT REDUNDANCY TO FLEX;

• File Groups- Drop with cascadeALTER DISKGROUP DiskGroup1 DROP FILEGROUP TEST CASCADE;

ASMCMD rmfg

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ASM Disk Groups – 18c

Live SQL :

Livesql.oracle.com

Include available code libraries

Ability to save scripts and share

Available sample schemas or built your own.

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How to test 18c features???

Oracle cloud account • Free trail Account $300 for 30 days

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Oracle Cloud

• Oracle 12c – First Major architectural change to oracle since version 6

• Multitenant Enhancements • Simplified Patching and Release models• A lot of security, Grid and Performance level changes • Oracle SQL Live for testing• Oracle 18c Express edition • I am still testing the new features and will publish more

blog posts in future.

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Wrapping up

Thank you for your time!!

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