What you see on the TV screen is a microscopicview of homogenized milk. When milk is taken from a

cow, the milk separates with the cream (butter-fat) on the top and the liquid water part (whey) on the bottom. In homogenization, the butter-fat is broken down into small particles that remain suspended in the whey. The particles you see on the screen are butter fat particles.

1. Make as many observations as you can on what you see on the TV screen in the space below. Make no inferences at this point.

2. You should have observed that the butter fat particles show movement. This movement is called Brownian Motion. Write an explanation (hypothesis) for what is causing this motion.

3. Group Hypothesis: Next, you will be assigned to a group of fellow students. Share your ideas with other members of the group. Combine your ideas to write one hypothesis from the group. Write the hypothesis in the space below. This will be handed in for a grade. Pick a spokesmen to present your idea to the class.

4. Reformulated Hypothesis:

A. Parts of the Kinetic Theory:

i. _______________________________ii. _______________________________iii. _______________________________iv. _______________________________

All matter is made of tiny particlesParticles are in constant motion

Not all particles move at the same speedAs temperature increases, particles move faster

B. Kinetic Theory & Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion Demos: (watch the following demos and comment as to what is happening)

1. Definition of Thermal Expansion: __________ _____________________________________

______________________________________

2. How does the Kinetic theory relate to Thermal Expansion?

As temperature ________________, the space between the molecules _____________, and the volume _____________________.

when the volume of a material expands as the temperature increases

increasesincreases

expands

3. Places where thermal expansion is seen in real life.

a. _________________________b. _________________________c. _________________________

Metal grooves on bridges

ThermometersConcrete spacers

C. How does the Kinetic Theory give rise to different states of matter?

1. As temperature increases, particles:a. _________________________b. _________________________c.__________________________

Demo: How does the beach ball demo help demonstrate this?

Move fasterBounce harder off each other

Spread further apart

D. Because of the Kinetic Theory, we end up with Three (plus one) States of Matter:

1. __________________________________2..__________________________________

3.___________________________________4. __________________________________

solidliquidgasPLASMA

State of Matter Arrangement of Particles

SolidTightly Packed

Kinetic Energy Volume & Shape

Lowest “definite” shape

definite volume

State of Matter Arrangement of Particles

Liquid

Loosely Associated

Kinetic Energy Volume & Shape

Middle Speed

Indefinite shape

Definite volume

State of Matter Arrangement of Particles

Gas

Not associated w/ each other at all!

Kinetic Energy Volume & Shape

HighestIndefinite Shape

Indefinite volumeLink to states of matter video

State of Matter Arrangement of Particles

Plasma

electrically charged gases

(most common state of matter in universe, but does not occur naturally on Earth’s surface)

Demo:What device was used to illustrate what a plasma is?

PLASMA CUTTERAURORAS

PLASMA TV

LIGHTNINGNEON SIGNS &

FLUORESCENT LIGHTS

II. Special Characteristics of Solids, Liquids & Gases

A. Two type of Solids:1. Amorphous Solids:______________ _____________________________

_____________________________

solids that have shapes that can change without “breaking”. Instead, they “bend.”

Example – silly puddy, rubber band, was

2. Crystalline Solid:______________________________________________

Demo: What was shown in class to demonstrate a crystalline solid? (What cooking ingredient is this a model of?)

solids that have a definite, repeating pattern

Example – salt crystal, diamond, sugar crystal

B. Properties of Liquids1.

Viscosity:__________________________

_________________________________

Demo: What demonstration was done to help demonstrate this concept?

resistance of a liquid to flow

Ex – corn syrup has high viscosity; water has a low viscosity

2. Surface Tension: _______________________ _____________________________________

Demo: What was done to help demonstrate surface tension?

thin “film” on the surface of a liquid that appears to allow denser items to “float” on it.

Example – water bug floating on water

3. Adhesion: ____________________________ _____________________________________

the attraction between unlike particles

Ex – when salt and water particles mix to create a solution

4. Cohesion:__________________________________________________________________ the attraction between like particles

Ex- when the element, mercury, “pulls” away from other materials

Demo: How the meniscus in a graduated cylinder is caused by both adhesion and cohesion?

C. Properties of Gases:1. All gas has ____________________.

Demo: What was the demo that helped prove that gas has mass? How did it prove it?

Mass

2. All gas shows diffusion:______________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Demo: What demo was done to prove that gases diffuse? How did it prove it?

when particles move from high concentration to low concentration

3. How to change the volume of a gas by changing temperature and pressure.

a. A gas’ volume can easily be changed by:

i. _______________________ii. _______________________

temperaturepressure

b. ______________________- as the pressure of a gas ______________, its volume _________________. OR as the pressure of a gas _______________, its volume ______________.

Boyle’s Lawincreases

decreasesdecreases

increases

↓P, ↑V or ↑P, ↓V

Boyle’s Law Demonstrations: Watch the following demonstrations and write a brief description of one (or two) of them and EXPLAIN how it demonstrates Boyle’s Law.

Examples of Boyle’s Law in “Real Life”:

c. __________________- as the temperature of a gas _______________, its volume _______________ OR, as the temperature of a gas ___________________, its volume ____________________.

(think “Charlie has a fever” to remember this is a temperature-volume relationship)

Charle’s Lawincreases

decreasesdecreases

decreases

↑T, ↑V or ↓T, ↓V

Charles’ Law Demonstrations: Watch the following demonstrations and write a brief description of one (or two) of them and EXPLAIN how it demonstrates Boyle’s Law.

Examples of Charles’ Law in “Real Life”:

III. Phase ChangesA. How doe the kinetic theory relate to

phase changes?

1. As the particles move ___________,

they will transition from a ____________ to a

_____________ to a ______________.

faster

solid liquidgas

OR2. As particles move ___________, they will

transition from a ____________ to a ____________ to a ______________.

slowergas

liquid solid

B. Phase Changes:

Solid

Liquid

Gas

melting

vaporization

sublimation

ADDI

TIO

N o

f hea

t

Solid

Liquid

Gas

freezing

condensation

deposition

REMO

VAL of heat

C. What are the two type of vaporization that can occur?

1. ___________________- when a liquid phases into a gas at the SURFACE of the material.

2. ___________________ - when a liquid phases into a gas ALL OVER the material

in tiny little “bubbles”.

Evaporation

Boiling

As a class, brainstorm a “real life” example of each of the following:Freezing:_____________________________Boiling:______________________________Evaporation:__________________________Sublimation:__________________________Condensation:_________________________Melting:______________________________Deposition:____________________________