What will we learn Historical background of Venice Challenges faced by Venice Factors to the rise of Venice Venices Golden Age Factors leading to the fall of Venice Geography Early Settlers Challenges faced by early Venetians Venice: 5th to 9th Century Venice was made up of may small islands with numerous canals in between. EARLY SETTLERS Life of early venetians Expert sailors and shipbuilders knowledge of crafts, fishing & salt production Not agriculturely inclined Depended on mainland states for food & raw materials Rainwater collected for constant water supply VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century Venetian society System of administration created Neighbourliness & Sense of belonging for social stability Venice had 5 districts, smaller administrative & social units Close interaction between the rich and poor, houses were built close to one another Celebrations at central square VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century Economic activities Knowledge of salt production monopoly Trade agreements with difft communities around the Po River gained dominance access mainload & forested areas for wood shipbuilding Exchanged wood for gold, spices and incense with Egypt Rising trade power VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century System of government Elected leader Doge a life appointment 3 tiered structure: Doge Ducal Council nominate dogeship General Assembly passed laws on essential issues (trade and housing) VeniceVenice: 5th to 9th Century Piracy in the Adriatic Sea. Maintaining diplomatic relations 10 th century Europe Challenges Piracy in the Adriatic Sea. Byzantine Empires control over its territories weakened Venice had no strong navy, experienced failures against the pirates Pay annual gifts to ensure safe passage along the Adriatic Sea. Travelled in convoy for safety Challenges Maintaining diplomatic relations between rivals in the West and East 5 th century Venice Maintained friendship between the Byzantine emperor and Germanic kings(both are rivals) Balancing act allowed Venice to act as middlemen for Eastern products which are sold in Europe Establishing friendly relations with mainland states for favourable trading and trade expansion Challenges 10 th century Europe Germanic tribes invaded Europe and established kingdoms and cities. Farming and food production increased with peaceful conditions Trade grew as surplus food was being exchanged for other goods Prosperous cities became centres for trade Posed a direct challenge to Venice Challenges 1.Leadership 2.Reforms in the government 3.Trade developments and expansion 4.Industrial development 5.Innovative practices Doge Pietro II Orseolo subude the pirates in Dalmatia. Doge and Ducal Councillors with Council of 40 Innovative Practices journal for double-entry bookkeeping Giro-banking Territorial possessions Social transformation Economic prosperity Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Foreign talents Maritime competition Political challenges Social challenges Fall of Venice Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Foreign threats Involvement in the mainland Ottoman Empire League of Cambrai Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Maritime competition Discovery of new sea routes New trade rivals Smaller States - under control of large state - under influence of large state - independent Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Political challenges Incapable leadership Corruption in the government Over-dependence on mercenaries Challenges between the 15 th & 18 th Centuries Social challenges More concerned about wealth Distanced from commoners Gap between the rich and poor widened Lavish parties & celebrations Gambling addiction Sustaining progress in an ever- changing world Nation building Governance Relations with other states Sustaining economic development