What were the two main forms of corporate combination that business

leaders used to form monopolies in the late 1800’s? Name two of these

leaders.

pools and trusts; Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt,

Stanford

What school of social thought promoted the idea of survival of

the fittest? How was this applied to businesses?

Social Darwinism, strong businesses had the duty to dominate the weaker ones

What did the social gospel movement promote?

Applying the ideas of the Christian gospel to American

society

What parts of the country were Populists from? What kind of work did they generally do?

West and South, farming

What were the two key demands of the Populists?

Better government regulation of monopolies (especially

railroads) and looser currency

The Populists may have failed in the short term, but in what key way were they a success in the

long term?

Many of their ideas later went into practice (regulation of

RR’s, larger currency supply, direct election of senators)

What social class sought to demonstrate their integrity and

spread their definition of character in the Progressive Age?

the growing Middle Class

What cause were progressives like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley associated with? Who

were they trying to help?

settlement houses, poor women & children

What two other causes were progressive women drawn to?

women’s suffrage and temperance

What did the 19th Amendment do? When was it ratified?

Gave women the right to vote, 1920 (after WWI)

Name a law that progressives passed to help purify food.

Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act

Name 2 measures taken by progressives to take the corruption out of government and increase the

direct involvement of the people.

commission system, direct primaries, referendums &

initiatives, direct election of senators

Which president is most closely associated with Progressivism?

What 3rd party did he form so that he could run for President again in

1912?

Theodore Roosevelt, Bull Moose Party

What were two key aspects of Theodore Roosevelt’s

Progressivism?

Using power of government to regulate big business,

protection of public lands, promote public health

What SC decision made segregation legal?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What did WEB DuBois feel was the key to black equality?

equal political and social rights

What did Booker T. Washington feel was critical to equal standing

for Blacks?

self-improvement, especially economic

How did A. Phillip Randolph work to bring better conditions to

Blacks?

through organization in labor unions

How did WWII serve as a catalyst for the Movement?

fight for U.S. then come home to discrimination

Who made discrimination against minority workers in the defense industry illegal? Why?

When?

FDR, black workers demanded equal treatment, 1941 (start of

WWII)

Which President ended segregation in the United States

Armed Forces? When?

Truman, after WWII

How have periods of war impacted economic and political

opportunities for women throughout U.S. History?

Expanded them (especially WWI & WWII)

Why was it such a big deal that Jackie Robinson played

baseball?

it was America’s past time, everybody paid attention

What organization fought school segregation in the courts?

NAACP

What decision reversed Plessy?

Brown vs. the Board of Ed. (Topeka, KS)

How quickly did this decision effectively desegregate the

schools? Why?

Not very quickly, deep seeded racism remained

What did the Emmett Till case demonstrate about the Southern

Judicial System?

no justice for blacks from all white system

Who was chosen to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Martin Luther King Jr.

What was the key principle of MLK’s strategy to end

segregation?

non-violence/passive resistance

What organization was founded by King & other ministers in

1957?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

How did Eisenhower support the integration of Central High

School in Little Rock?

Sent in National Guard troops to keep the peace and protect the

students (showed he would enforce decision)

What was the SNCC? What was their first big action in the

movement?

The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Sit Ins

What was the goal of the freedom riders? What

challenges did they face?

Integrate bus terminals and take the movement to the deep South, bombings, beatings,

arrests, etc.

Why was JFK reluctant to fully support them?

He was afraid of America looking bad on the world scene (Cold war, tension with the Soviets)

Why is Bull Connor so infamous?

Symbol of white oppression, police dogs & fire hoses in

Birmingham

What was MLK’s chief purpose in his “Letter from a Birmingham

Jail”?

He will be an extremist in the cause of morality, it is not the

fault of the movement that their actions result in violence

What was the purpose of the 1963 March on Washington (I

Have a Dream Speech)?

Increase pressure for the passage of Civil Rights

Legislation

What kinds of groups believed blacks must rely on themselves and not on

integration?

Black Separatists

Give an example of a Black Separatist Organization.

Black Panthers, Nation of Islam

According to Malcolm X, who would it be OK to use violence

against?

someone who had “laid a hand” on you

What did Malcolm X say blacks should reject?

self hatred imposed on them by white culture

Name two things that happened to the Freedom Riders as they

went through the South.

bombed, attacked, jailed

Name two key provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Defined Discrimination, no discrimination in any government or public

enterprise, no discrimination in employment

Name two key provisions of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

Outlawed literacy tests, federal officials can overrule local

registrars

What President was closely associated with these pieces of

legislation?

Lyndon Johnson

Where was Black militancy more rampant?

Northern cities

Name two demands of the Black Panthers.

full employment, self determination, blacks should not serve in Vietnam, decent

housing, better education

How did the push for equality by African Americans affect other

minority groups?

Inspired them to act (Latinos, Women, American Indians)

What were two big issues new feminists addressed?

Discrimination in employment, equal pay for equal work, glass

ceiling

What were two big issues for Latinos in the late 1960’s early

1970’s?

Better conditions/pay for farm workers, better schools, more

involvement in the political process

What were two big issues for American Indians in the late

1960’s early 1970’s?

Poverty, greater autonomy (self rule), restitution from the

federal government

Why did Burglars break into the Democratic National

Headquarters in 1972?

looking for documents & records for Republicans to use against

Democrats

What two things did reporters and prosecutors use to trace the

conspiracy into the White House?

money and tapes

How did Watergate end Nixon’s presidency?

overwhelming evidence led him to resign

How did Watergate change the way people viewed the role of

the United States government?

Changed dramatically for the worse, people became much

more pessimistic

What two things were we seeking from the Iranians in the

Iran Contra scandal?

money (to give to the Contras) and help freeing hostages in

Lebanon

Why was this so controversial?

Congress had specifically told the executive branch they could

not fund the Contras

Who claimed most of the responsibility for the operation

and took the fall?

Oliver North (and his secretary Fawn Hall)

On what grounds was President Clinton’s integrity called into

question?

sexual immorality, personal honesty, and real estate

dealings