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1
1/25/17
What were neurons invented for?
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1/25/17
“To move things is all that mankind can do...for such the sole executant is muscle, whether in whispering a syllable or in felling a forest.”
Charles Sherrington 1924
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“Sensorimotorsystem”
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Sensors
Brain
Muscles
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1/25/17
Lab 1: Neurons and the Brain(and Matlab)
Neuroscience primer:Brain & neuronMembrane potentialAction potentialSynaptic transmission
• Lab part 1: Neurons in Matlab• Lab part 2: Brain in 3D Online
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1/25/17
SENSINGACTING!
The Brain
• Approximately 1011 neurons in a human brain• Approximately 1015 synapses connecting them
visualcortex
motor cortex(voluntary movement)
prefrontal cortex(planning;working memory)
brainstem(involuntary, reflexive behaviors)
cerebellum(movement coordination
movement learning)
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1/25/17
Neurons and synapses (~10-3 mm)
10 μm
Lab 1: Neurons and the Brain(and Matlab)
Neuroscience primer:Brain & neuronMembrane potentialAction potentialSynaptic transmission
• Lab part 1: Neurons in Matlab• Lab part 2: Brain in 3D Online
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1/25/17
Neurons send fast long-distance signals
Membranepotential:chargeimbalance
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1/25/17
+
-65mV
-
Theelectricalpropertiesofneuronsarewhatenablesthemtoregulateeveryaspectofbehavior.
Membranepotentialakamembranevoltageisthedifferencebetweentheelectricpotentialoutsidevs insidethecell:Vm=Vin– Vout
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1/25/17
Addingpluscharge(positivecurrent)insidethecellmakestheinsidelessnegativecomparedtotheoutside
16http://howmed.net/physiology/action-potential/
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1/25/17
Spikes!Firing rate = (number of spikes)/(time)
Excitation: higher firing rate Inhibition: lower firing rateand membrane is hyperpolarized
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/APFallLect18.html
Propagation
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1/25/17
Lab 1: Neurons and the Brain(and Matlab)
Neuroscience primer:Brain & neuronMembrane potentialAction potentialSynaptic transmission
• Lab part 1: Neurons in Matlab• Lab part 2: Brain in 3D Online
Neuron-to-neuron Synapse
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1/25/17
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