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ANZSIC 322- Building Structure Services
SECTOR REPORT
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What we need to know This paper is organised into a summary section and a reference document. The issues evidenced in these research papers provide the input to support a work plan for the Industry Reference Committee for 2016. There are numerous gaps and areas that require industry validation to support this process. Prior to the meeting we request each IRC member review the document(s) appropriate to their coverage and provide feedback on the following:
1. Key challenges for industry development: Is this an accurate summary of the issues facing the sector? What is missing?
2. Occupation and business growth rates: We have used public Government
data where available. Does this data provide an accurate reflection of what is happening in this sector?
3. Key Priority Skills: What are the key priority skills for this sector?
4. Workforce planning and development: What are the issues that impact on
uptake of the training package by the industry?
5. International/national trends in job design: Who are the (global) leaders in this sector. How do they train and develop their workforce?
6. Attrition - How many years do people stay in the industry, is there a high or
low turnover? This affects the numbers required to be trained to replace those exiting.
7. Impact of Technology and Digitalisation: Are there new technologies,
processes or materials that should be included in this section?
8. Peak bodies – Is the list of Peak body coverage accurate. Who needs to be included or removed?
9. Regulatory environment - Is our summary of the regulatory environment
accurate. Is their new regulation or policy shifts on the horizon that should be included?
10. Other issues/general validation – Have we missed anything? What should be
added? What would strengthen these research documents?
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SECTOR REPORT
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Sector Summary Profile This document provides evidence of the need for change to the IRCs Training Packages. It consists of reference data compiled by Artibus Innovation to support the work of the Construction Services Industry Reference Committee.
This document relates to the Building Structure Services sector. This sector employs 80,400 people and has 12,127 students and apprentices using its training package products.
The Building Structure Services sector is one of 9 sectors under the representation of the Construction Services Industry Reference Committee
Industry Profile
ANZSIC 322- Building Structure Services
Key Facts Numbers in Training (2014)
12,127 Relative size of sector: industry
10%
% Employed After Training (average)
84% Growth Rate (next 4 years)
11%
% of Workforce in Training (estimate)
15% % Sole Traders (2015)
56%
Replacement % 302% Market Focus
Domestic Focus
Age Profile (compared to all industry, 2011)
15 years younger than average
Regulatory Environment
Medium
Key Challenges
for Industry
Development
99% of businesses in this sector are either one-person operators or small businesses
Strong growth in employment is expected in most occupations in this sector
The sector is currently experiencing persistent skills shortages in bricklaying, roof tiling, and sheet metal trades
o Current enrolments in relevant courses in the CPC are very low for roof tilers and structural steel trades workers
o There are low numbers of students enrolled in Bricklaying apprenticeships and high numbers of cancellations and withdrawals
A high number of unskilled workers are employed in this sector, with
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30% having completed year 10 and 11 as their highest level of educational attainment
Key Priority
Skills for
Sector/Industry1
Skills Shortages
In September 2015, the following occupations were experiencing skills shortages: o Bricklayer (shortage experienced in 6 out of the last 10 years) o Roof tiler (shortage experienced in 9 out of the last 10 years) o Sheet metal trades worker (shortage experienced in 9 out of the
last 10 years) Which skills are a priority for this sector?
Workforce
Planning and
Development
What are the issues that impact on uptake of the training package by
the industry?
Known training
package issues
The table below contains information about current proposed changes to qualifications in the Construction, Plumbing and Services Training Package. These changes are currently awaiting endorsement by the Department (April 2016).
Qualification Code
Qualification Name Case for Endorsement
CPC30313 Concreting Case put forward to update the current qualification with the following changes: identification of work hazards and risk control strategies unit added; and other units re-templated to meet standards. This case was denied by the Department based on non-conformity with Standard 8.
CPC30111 Bricklaying/ Blocklaying
Listed on CPSCIC Continuous Improvement Plan but no Case for Endorsement put forward.
CPC20112 Construction Listed on CPSCIC Continuous Improvement Plan but no Case for Endorsement put forward.
CPC20211 Construction Pathways
Listed on CPSCIC Continuous Improvement Plan but no Case for Endorsement put forward.
1 Department of Employment Skills Shortage List (2015).
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CPCCWHS100 Prepare to work safely in the construction industry (White Card)
Case for endorsement approved subject to conditions.
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Sector Reference This reference document provides details on the following:
1. The business environment 2. Employment and training 3. Future impacts on the industry sector 4. The regulatory framework 5. Networks and stakeholders
Sector Coverage
This industry sector covers the following areas relevant to the CPC:
3221 Concreting Services:
o This class consists of units mainly engaged in concreting work, concrete pouring or other concrete work on construction projects.
3222 Bricklaying Services
o This class consists of units mainly engaged in bricklaying or concrete block laying.
3223 Roofing Services
o This class consists of units mainly engaged in roof tiling, metal roof fixing and the application of roof coatings
3224 Structural Steel Erection Services
o This class consists of units mainly engaged in the erection of metal silos, storage tanks or structural steel components for building or other structure such as bridges, overhead cranes or electricity transmission towers
Where the data was available, the different sectors have been broken down and analysed separately to give a more accurate view of the training and development needs of each sector. Where the sectoral data was not available it is important to note that industry data may not give a full picture of facts relevant to training package development.
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The Business Environment
Number of
Businesses2
In June 2015, there were 27,024 businesses operating in the Building Structure Services sector
In the financial year 2014-2015, 4, 238 businesses entered the sector
4,038 businesses exited the sector in this same period
During this period the sector experienced a net growth albeit small (<1%)
Size of
Businesses3
In June 2015, there were 15,121 non-employing businesses operating (i.e. one person operators) (56.0%)
11,561 businesses with 1-19 employees (42.7%)
333 businesses with 20-199 employees (1.2%)
7 businesses with 200 or more employees (<1%)
Major
Operators4
Concreting Services
There are no major businesses in this sector and it is characterised by many small-scale operators.
Several of the leading businesses in the industry have upstream operations in the Ready-Mixed Concrete Manufacturing industry, notably Boral (1.5% market share) and BGC (Australia) (0.5% market share).
Bricklaying Services
The Bricklaying Services industry includes many small-scale businesses and no major businesses.
Several labour hire organisations influence industry activity. For example, Skill Hire is one of the largest employers of building and construction apprentices in Western Australia.
Roofing Services
The industry is characterised by many small-scale regional businesses, which increase in size during growth phases in the housing cycle and contract during downturns. Some independent operators have strong positions in regional markets. These companies include BGC Metal Roofing in Western Australia, KW Jacobs Pty Ltd in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, and Higgins Roofing and Shamrock Roofing in Victoria. Some firms specialise in roof restoration markets.
2 Australian Bureau of Statistics: 81650 Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, June 2011- June 2015. 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics: 81650 Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, June 2011- June 2015. 4 IBISWorld: Industry Reports on Concreting, Bricklaying, Roofing and Structural Steel Erection Services in Australia (2015-16).
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The industry also benefits from referral services for subcontracted work, for example CSR Monier Roofing Specialists are accredited roof tiling subcontractors referred by CSR Roofing to install Monier and Wunderlich roof tiles for customers Australia-wide. Boral-preferred roofing professionals are suitably qualified tradespeople referred as subcontractors to Boral customers. BuildPro Group is a collection of owner-operated businesses that specialise in supplying and installing building products such as bricks, roof tiles, pavers and flooring systems.
Structural Steel Erection Services
The fragmented nature of the industry means there are no industry-specific major operators. Most operators remain small, with few companies employing more than 20 people or generating revenue exceeding $1.0 million.
Market focus5 Concreting Services
The concreting services industry has a low level of globalisation with little prospect for international expansion. There is no international trade in concreting services and no evidence of significant foreign ownership in the local industry.
Bricklaying Services
Bricklaying skills are not traded internationally and the level of foreign ownership of local bricklaying firms is negligible.
Roofing Services
The industry is not exposed to international markets and there is no significant foreign ownership among the key operators.
Structural Steel Erection Services
The industry has a low level of globalisation. Structural erection services are seldom traded internationally and there is no evidence of foreign-based steel erection firms operating in Australia.
Private/
public sector
breakdown6
In the construction industry as a whole, the vast majority of workers are employed by the private sector (1,040,200) (99%)
Only 6800 workers were employed by the public sector as of November 2015 (<1%)
Business
entry barriers7
Concreting
5 IBISWorld: Industry Reports on Concreting, Bricklaying, Roofing and Structural Steel Erection Services in Australia (2015-16). 6 Australian Bureau of Statistics: 6291.0.55.003 Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (Table 11. Employed Persons by Industry Division of Main Job (2015).
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The industry has limited formal qualifications and licensing requirements and new entrants can easily enter the industry from other construction trades. Many operators hold competency certificates (tickets) obtained through on-the-job training and industry specific courses.
New entrants are unlikely to obtain the most favourable prices on the supply of concrete and cement from the major material suppliers due to concerns about the capacity of new operators to meet financial commitments. Established operators obtain preferential pricing and delivery arrangements and existing operators may have better access to a pool of skilled labour.
New entrants to the industry are likely to be disadvantaged by the existing relationships between established concrete contractors and building developers or prime contractors. Established operators typically have achieved a reputation for quality work in either general or specialised areas of concrete construction.
The need to purchase - or to at least have ready access to - appropriate machinery may represent a barrier to new competitors in some specialist areas, but the machinery itself can usually be operated by semi-skilled workers after on-the-job training.
Bricklaying
There are no significant barriers to entry in the Bricklaying Services
7 IBISWorld: Industry Reports on Concreting, Bricklaying, Roofing and Structural Steel Erection Services in Australia (2015-16).
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industry, although prime builders are likely to prefer contractors holding formal qualifications, state-based licensing and adequate insurance coverage.
Contractors with a good reputation within the local building community for quality, timeliness and price are in a stronger position to obtain contracts with larger-scale builders. Contractors generate a substantial workload through word-of-mouth referral from satisfied customers. New entrants lacking a proven track record in the industry are likely to be disadvantaged when competing against existing players with good reputations in the local market.
The capital costs of entry into the industry are quite low as the capital equipment used in construction remains of a rudimentary nature, consisting mainly of trowels, shovels, mortar mixers, barrows and motor vehicles. Ownership (or hire) of a portable brick and mortar elevator is necessary for operations above ground-floor level and desirable for all operations.
The gradual introduction of national building codes and licensing requirements is expected to increase barriers to the entry of new competitors, as new and existing players in the industry will be required to demonstrate appropriate trade skills and have pay for legal indemnity.
Roofing
The barriers to entry into this industry are considered quite low. Entry is
restricted to contractors holding the appropriate qualifications that may be obtained through either a formal apprenticeship or on-the-job training. The capital equipment costs of entry into this industry are particularly low.
In most markets, new entrants will be confronted by a high level of competition from existing contractors, who are likely to be better placed in gaining a share of a narrow regional market. Existing contractors are likely to have an established reputation and portfolio of completed projects; a flow of work stemming from referrals from past clients; a relationship with material suppliers; and, a relationship with major house building contractors in the region.
Structural Steel Erection
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The industry is considered to have a medium level of barriers to entry
for new competitors. Formal and trade qualifications are required for new entrants to the industry and they face competition from existing operators with a proven capacity to meet required standards of workmanship, timeliness, safety and financial stability.
Existing businesses are also advantaged over new entrants by having established networks of clients and ongoing arrangements with major construction contractors. New entrants often enter the industry by subcontracting through an established firm or labour placement agency, thereby leveraging off the reputation of the existing business.
The National Building Professionals Register (NBPR), a national accreditation administered by the Australian Institute of Building, provides a basis for differentiating superior industry practitioners and may therefore constitute a barrier to entry for operators without NBPR accreditation.
Employment and Training
Employment
Outlook8
In May 2015, 80,400 people were employed in this industry
This number is projected to increase to 89,900 workers by 2019
Employment in this sector is predicted to grow by 11% over the next four years
Key
Occupations
and Growth9
The key occupations in this sector are as follows:
Builder's Labourer (821111)
Bricklayer (331111)
Concreter (821211)
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers (3223)
Roof Tiler (333311)
Roof plumber
8 Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Industry Employment Growth and Projections by Industry Sector (2015). 9 Department of Employment Job Outlook: http://joboutlook.gov.au/ (2014); Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Industry Employment Growth and Projections by Industry Sector (2015).
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Building Associate (312112)
Project Manager (133111)
Project Builder (133112)
Property Manager (612112) Growth in these key occupations is as follows:
Occupation/s % of Occupation in Construction industry
Historical Growth (past 5 yrs) %
Projected growth (5 yrs to Nov 2019) %
Builder's Labourer
79.3 11.8 13.0 (Strong)
Roof Plumber 91.4 21.3 13.0 (Strong)
Bricklayer 86.5 7.2 4.5 (Slight)
Concreter 88.7 -0.7 18.7 (Very Strong)
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
18.1 4.7 7.1 (Moderate growth)
Roof Tiler 91.4 21.3 13.0 (Strong)
Building Associate
n/a n/a 9.1 (Moderate)
Project Manager
82.5 -2.4% 17.1 (Strong)
Project Builder
82.5 -2.4% 17.1 (Strong)
Property Manager
1.6% 25.7% 14.9 (Strong)
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Historical
Occupation
and Growth10
Part-Time and
Full-Time
Breakdown11
In May 2015, 85.2% of all employees worked full time in this sector
14.8% of workers were employed part time
10 Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Industry Employment Growth and Projections by Industry Sector (2015). 11 Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Employment Characteristics by Industry Sector (2015).
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Gender/Age
Profile12
Age
This industry has a significantly younger workforce than the national average, with the largest age groups being 20-39.
There are less workers than the national average from ages 45-49 to 70 onwards
Gender
In 2015, 7.1% of all employees in this sector were female, and 92.9% of all employees were male
In the Construction Services Industry as a whole, 9.8% of employees were female, and 90.2% were male
Attrition
How many years do people stay in the industry, is there a high or low
turnover? This affects the numbers required to be trained to replace those
exiting.
Highest Level
of Educational
Attainment13
In 2014, the most common levels of educational attainment for this sector were certificate III/IV (42.9%), Years 10 and 11 (27.1%), and Year 12 (16.9%)
12 Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Employment by Industry and Age Group (2011 Census Data); Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Employment Characteristics by Industry Sector (2015). 13 Commonwealth Department of Employment (Labour Market Information Portal): Educational Attainment by Industry Sector (2014).
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Current
Training
Delivery14
Number of students enrolled by ANZSCO codes for all VET courses (2014)
Building and Plumbing Labourers (8211): 74,980 students
Bricklayers and Stonemasons (3311): 3,580 students
Concreters (8212): 2,339 students
Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers (322): 15, 954 students
Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians (3121): 31,798 students
Construction Managers (1331): 12,674 students
Real Estate Agents (6121): 24,204 students Number of students enrolled in Apprenticeships (2015)
Building and Plumbing Labourers (8211): 335 (161 completions in 12 months ending 30 September, 107 cancellations/withdrawals (31.9% of enrolments))
Bricklayers and Stonemasons: 2813 (450 completions in 12 months ending 30 September, 992 withdrawals (35.3% of enrolments))
Concreters: 398 (129 completions in 12 months ending 30 September, 157 withdrawals (39.4% of enrolments))
Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers: 8565 (2887 completions in 12 months ending 30 September, 1869 withdrawals (21.8% of enrolments))
Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians: 983 (143 completions in 12 months ending 30 September, 195 withdrawals (19.8% of enrolments))
Construction Managers: 10 (0 completions in 12 months ending 30
14 National Centre for Vocational Education Research: Data Collection on VET Students by Industry (2014-15).
0.0
1.5
4.0
42.9
16.9
27.1
0.0
7.7
10.3
19.7
10.9
20.6
18.4
16.2
0.2
3.7
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Postgraduate qualification
Bachelor degree
Advanced Diploma and Diploma
Certificate III and IV
Year 12
Years 10 and 11
Certificate I and II
Below Year 10
Share of Employment (%)
322 Building Structure Services All Industries
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September, 0 cancellations (100% retention of students))
Current
Training and
Employment
Pathways15
The Construction, Plumbing & Services and Property Services training packages support the following occupational roles:
Occupation Qualification Code
Qualification Name
Number of Students (2014)
Concreter CPC30313 Concreting 919
Bricklayer CPC30111 Bricklaying/ Blocklaying
2860
Roof Plumber
CPC20812 Metal Roofing and Cladding
230
Roof Tiler CPC30812 Roof Tiling 355
Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers
CPC31111 Steel fixing 270
Building Associate
CPC40508 Building and Construction (Site Management)
392
CPC40611 Building and Construction (Specialist Trades)
348
CPC40708 Building and Construction (Trade Contracting)
19
Project Builder
CPC50210, Building and Construction (Building)
10,933
CPC50308 Building and Construction (Management)
905
Property Manager
CPC40408 Building and Construction (Sales)
18
15 National Centre for Vocational Education Research: Data Collection on VET Students by Industry (2014-15).
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Builder’s Labourer
CPC20112 Construction 4128
CPC20211 Construction Pathways
24,760
Employment outcomes of Government-funded graduates following training
Building and Plumbing Labourers (Inc. Builder’s Labourer): 63.4% employed 6 months after completing training
Bricklayers and Stonemasons: 83.2% employed 6 months after training
Concreters: 98.5% employed 6 months after training
Fabrication Engineering Trades Workers (Inc. Structural Steel and Welding Trades Workers): 92.5% employed 6 months after training
Architectural, Building and Surveying Technicians (Inc. Building Associates): 84.7% employed 6 months after training
Construction Managers (Inc. Project Managers and Project Builders): 85.7% employed 6 months after training
Real Estate Agents (Inc. Property Managers): 81.2% employed 6 months after training
Future Impacts
Technology
and
Digitalisation16
Concreting Services
Developments in building technology have contributed greatly to a long-term trend of substitution of traditional building materials with concrete (e.g., concrete slab floors replacing timber, tilt-walls replacing bricks etc.). These advancements have led to significant improvements in terms of materials cost-efficiency and timesaving across most areas of building and construction.
o Major ready mixed concrete suppliers (e.g., Boral, Pronto, and Hanson), have introduced higher quality concretes, which have greater durability and flexibility, but concreting contractors have shown resistance to these products as the higher price could reduce the contractors' cost competitiveness.
o Significant developments have also occurred in the machinery used for concrete contracting, including extruders used in kerbing and channelling; vibrators used to settle the concrete; and, mechanical and ride-on trowel machines. This has given a competitive advantage to companies that have invested in such technology, though such equipment is generally available for hire.
Bricklaying Services
Technological developments have had only a limited effect on the
16 IBISWorld: Industry Reports on Concreting, Bricklaying, Roofing and Structural Steel Erection Services in Australia (2015-16).
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industry over the past decade and the industry is subject to less technological change than most in the construction division. The long-term shift towards brick constructed dwellings rather than weatherboard appears to have stalled. Over the past decade, there has been increased market acceptance, particularly in the multi-unit residential building and non-residential building markets, of the use of alternative materials for the exterior cladding of buildings, such as pre-fabricated concrete panels, concrete fibre sheets, metal sheeting, and more recently polyurethane panels.
Developments in the area of robotics may have an impact on this sector, for example a semi-automated masonry is being developed in the United States.
Roofing Services
There has been no significant adoption of labour-saving technology in the industry except for improved methods of conveying tiles to the rooftop and fastening tiles to the roof structure. Modern belt-type elevators are used extensively and these are remotely operable and lift their load over the ridge top of the roof. These are a considerable labour-saving device for tilers, but have been available for some time and offer little or no scope for service differentiation.
o The other technological change has involved improved methods of fixing roofing tiles using clips, and the increasingly popular metal roof battens, replacing wooden roof battens.
o There have also been advancements in the development of solar roof tiles to replace traditional concrete and ceramic tiles (e.g. SOLARtiles by CSR Monier and Bristile Solar), which offer households access to alternative energy supply. The laying of these relatively light weight tiles require some additional skills training for contractors, but the tiles are a non-conductive material and do not need to be earthed.
Robotic technologies may also impact on this sector, for example a machine is currently being developed that assembles wooden roofs off site.
Structural Steel Erection Services
The principal value added by the industry involves the skilled use of welding equipment. Several types of welding systems are currently in use by the industry including: the traditional oxy-acetylene (gas welding) system, the basic arc (electrical) welding system and the technologically advanced TIG and MIG arc welding systems (advancements on the basic arc welding principle). The high level of occupational health and safety regulations and litigation has led to improvements in technology and management aimed at reducing time lost through injury.
International
and National
Trends in Job
The construction industry will increasingly need to respond to technological developments in the area of automated machinery that can complete jobs previously done by humans more efficiently
o Construction Robotics in New York, USA have developed a
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Design17 semi-automated masonry machine, that can lay bricks three times faster than a human
o Later this year, ETH Zurich will unveil a machine that produces wooden roofs (although the pieces will still need to be assembled on-site by humans)
o ETH Zurich is also working on creating a machine that can stack and lay ceramic tiles
o In Germany the University of Kaiserslautern has developed (though not released) a robot that undertakes excavation work without human input
These technological developments may take a while to reach the Australian market, however there will be significant consequences for workers when they do
Forrester Research published a report in 2015 that estimated that automation will eliminate 16% of all jobs in construction and extraction by 2025
The Centre for Technology Innovation in Washington DC states that the logical solution to these cuts is to prepare the workforce for the new jobs of a digital economy: to crunch data, work with software, and oversee automated machines
Regulatory Framework
Licensing and
Standards18
Concreting
The level of regulation is light and the trend is increasing. This sub-sector has limited formal qualifications and licensing requirements, although many operators hold qualifications in aligned building trades (notably carpentry and joinery).
Short courses (generally 16 to 20 hours) provide contractors with skills and knowledge about basic concreting including an understanding of materials, tools, equipment; and, the fundamentals of preparation, placement and finishing of concrete.
A wide range of detailed occupational, health and safety regulations apply to the general building sector and to the concreting services industry. General regulations include: the provision of protective clothing; safety provisions for working in multi-level sites or in confined spaces; and, regulations governing maximum liftable weights and noise tolerance. Industry specific regulations relate to: reinforcing steel protrusions; use of concrete buckets; post-tensioning specifications and practices; practices for pour-on-site formwork and removal, shoring inspections, lift slab operations, treatment of hazardous substances and ergonomics. State authorities assess and enforce these regulations.
Bricklaying Services
The level of regulation is medium and the trend is increasing.
17 New Scientist (16 January 2016), p. 22. 18 IBISWorld: Industry Reports on Concreting, Bricklaying, Roofing and Structural Steel Erection Services in Australia (2015-16).
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The introduction of national building codes has led all state governments to tighten regulations for building practitioners. These tighter regulations typically require builders and most tradespeople to be registered by the relevant state authority in order to be covered by insurance.
The main form of regulation in the bricklaying industry is the preference for apprenticeship-qualified tradespeople. Formal bricklaying qualifications traditionally comprise a four-year apprenticeship combining on-the-job training and classroom studies to achieve Certificate III in General Construction (Bricklaying/Blocklaying).
Registration procedures for qualified tradespeople vary between the states and territories. In Queensland for example, the Building Services Authority oversees the regulation of the building industry, where to be a registered bricklaying contractor applicants must meet qualification requirements (a bricklaying apprenticeship or successful completion of recognised vocational training course and a recognised managerial course). New South Wales requires that bricklayers (along with other building industry trades) be licensed to operate and a comparable national scheme of private certification is currently being developed across the states.
State regulations govern the safety requirements that must be adhered to by operators, including the use of appropriate scaffolding and harnesses for workers operating above three metres. State government departments overseeing workplace practices regulate the erection of scaffolding and staging for brick construction activities.
Roofing Services
The level of regulation is medium and the trend is increasing. The Roofing Services industry is subject to Australian Standards governing the roof tile and metal sheet installation and participants may incur legal damages for failure to comply with recognised standards. In addition, state-based regulations govern the safety requirements that must be adhered to by contractors in this industry. Occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations stipulate the use of appropriate scaffolding and harnesses for workers operating above three metres.
The main form of regulation in this industry is the preference for apprenticeship-qualified tradespeople. On-the-job training is the dominant mode of supply, with apprenticeship courses usually having no formal technical college requirement. Apprenticeships for roof tiling lead to Certificate III in General Construction (Roof Tiling).
Australian Standards governing the roofing installation include: installation of roof tiles AS 2050-1995 and AS2049-1992; installation of foil in roofs AS/NZ 4200.2:1994; design and installation of sheet roof cladding (metal) AS 1562.1:1992; and the installation of damp-proof courses and flashings AS2904:1995.
Structural Steel Erection Services
Level of regulation: medium and the trend is increasing. Structural steel erection operators are required to hold appropriate certification to meet building code guidelines and insurance provisions. Contractors
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are generally required to hold the relevant certified trade qualifications.
The introduction of the National Building Professionals Register, to be administered by the Australian Institute of Building (AIB), provides for registration based on technical expertise, experience, a commitment to codes of ethics and practice and a commitment to on-going professional development.
Standards Australia sets out the guidelines applicable to the structural steel erection services industry, these include: Australian Standards AS 3828, Guidelines for the Erection of Building Steelwork and AS 3850, Tilt-Up Concrete & Precast Concrete Elements for Use in Buildings.
To qualify for workers compensation insurance, structural steel erection operations require appropriate certification for rigging, including: the erection of structural steel with cranes, hoists or other mechanical load-shifting equipment which requires certificate class RB (basic rigging); the erection of tilt-panels or the supervision of multi-crane lifts which requires certificate class RI (intermediate rigging); and, the setting up of gin poles, derricks and flying foxes and the erection of guyed structures (such as radio towers) which require certificate class RA (advanced rigging).
Structural steel erection contracting businesses must comply with stringent Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S). State authorities are responsible for enforcing OH&S regulations relating to: site layout; site-specific erection plan and construction sequence; hoisting and rigging; structural steel assembly; column anchorage, beams and columns; open web steel joists; falling object protection (screening); fall protection; and, slip-resistance testing. OH&S regulations also require that specified protective clothing be worn when welding to avoid serious injury from splashes of molten metal.
The parties responsible for the erection of a steel structure deemed to be high-risk construction work must complete a Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS).
Networks and Stakeholders
Peak Bodies The following peak bodies have some relevance to the building structure services sector:
Australian Industry Group
Australian Institute of Building
Building Designers Australia
Elevating Work Platform of Australia
Housing Industry Association Ltd
Metal Roofing and Cladding Association
Construction Industry Advisory Body Network
Australian Manufacturing Workers Union
Communication, Electrical and Plumbing Division (Plumbing Division)
Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union
Australian Workers Union
Australian Brick and Blocklaying Training Foundation
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Master Builders Association
Master Plumbers and Mechanical Services
Metal Roofing and Cladding Association
Regulators Regulators for Builders and Building Related Occupations:
ACT: Environment and Sustainable Development http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/hiring_licensing
NSW: Office of Fair Trading http://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/ftw/Tradespeople/Home_building_licensing.page
NT: Building Practitioners Board http://www.bpb.nt.gov.au/
QLD: Queensland Building and Construction Commission http://www.qbcc.qld.gov.au/contractors/when-you-need-licence/licence-classes
SA: Consumer and Business Services http://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/
TAS: Building Standards and Occupational Licensing, Department of Justice http://www.justice.tas.gov.au/licensing_and_accreditation
VIC: Victorian Building Authority http://www.vba.vic.gov.au/
WA: Building Commission, Department of Commerce http://www.buildingcommission.wa.gov.au/
