What two factors can affect the characteristics of an organism?

Define variation:

Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction show greater variation than those formed by asexual reproduction?

What is the scientific name for an organism produced by asexual reproduction?

Give a definition for sexual reproduction.

What is a mutation?.

Put the following words in order from smallest to larges to describe how genetic material is organised.

Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, Gene

Complete the table below.

Why do plants and animals share characteristics with their parents?

What is a gene?

Describe two ways in which you can clone a plant.

Why is an organism produced by adult cell cloning considered a clone?

Explain how an embryo transplant can be used to clone a cow.

How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell cloning?

Sexual reproductio

n

Asexual reproductio

n

Number of parents

Is there mixing of genes?

Are gametes involved?

Increases variation?

Describe how you would use a plant to produce human growth hormone.

Why are some people opposed to the genetic modification of organisms?

List some reasons for genitcally modifying a plant..

What two factors can affect the characteristics of an organism?GenesEnvironment

Define variation:Differences between living organisms.

Why do organisms produced by sexual reproduction show greater variation than those formed by asexual reproduction?Sexual reproduction involves the mixing of genes from two parents; asexual genes are inherited from one parent only

What is the scientific name for an organism produced by asexual reproduction?Clone

Give a definition for sexual reproduction. •Fusion of male and female gametes

What is a mutation?. A change in DNA.

Put the following words in order from smallest to larges to describe how genetic material is organised.

Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell, GeneGene -> Chromosome - > Nucleus -> Cell

Complete the table below.

Why do plants and animals share characteristics with their parents?They inherit genes passed on when their parent’s gametes fuse.

What is a gene?A section of DNA that controls the characteristic of an organism.

Describe two ways in which you can clone a plant.Cuttings: cut leaf from adult plant bud, dip in rooting powder and plant in compostTissue culture: take a small group of cells form an adult plant and grow on sterile agar

Why is an organism produced by adult cell cloning considered a clone?Has genetic information from one parent only.

Explain how an embryo transplant can be used to clone a cow. Cells are taken from a growing embryo before they become specialisedEach cell transplanted into a surrogate mother

How was dolly the sheep created by adult cell cloning?•Nucleus removed from unfertilised egg cell•Nucleus from an adult body cell inserted into unfertilised egg cell•Electric shock given to stimulate the cell to divide. •Ball of cells implanted into surrogate

Sexual reproductio

n

Asexual reproductio

n

Number of parents

Is there mixing of genes?

Are gametes involved?

Increases variation?

2

Yes

Yes

Yes

1

No

No

No

Describe how you would use a plant to produce human growth hormone. Enzymes used to cut gene out of human chromosomeOther enzymes used to insert gene into plant chromosomePlant cell divides and makes hormone

Why are some people opposed to the genetic modification of organisms? •Damage to modified organism•May lead to a smaller gene pool•May upset natural balance of the ecosystem. •May harm the health of humans who eat GM organisms

List some reasons for genitcally modifying a plant.. Herbicide resistantInsect resistantProduce novel proteinIncrease yield