What the Research Says

Update

Brought to You by Your ACTEAZ

July 2013

Key Questions

What is the latest on achievement, transition and engagement research?

What are the major institutional obstacles we are facing?

What are other states doing?

What should we be reading?

What We Know:

Engagement

Achievement

Transition

Engagement

Education Week April 24, 2013

Education Week Infographic

A National Look

All students: 71.7% Male: 67.7% Female: 74.7% American Indian/Alaska Native: 53.9% Asian/Pacific Islander: 82.7% Hispanic: 57.6% Black (not Hispanic): 57.0% White (not Hispanic): 78.4%

Alliance for Excellent Education, 2012

A State Look All students: 67.0% Male: 64.2% Female: 69.1% American Indian/Alaska Native: 55.4% Asian/Pacific Islander: 83.6% Hispanic: 55.9% Black (not Hispanic): 69.7% White (not Hispanic): 74.2%

Alliance for Excellent Education 2012

Why do they leave?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Boring classes Too many absencesPeer group Too much personal freedomFailing in school

The silent epidemic: Perspectives of high school dropouts – Civic Enterprises, 2006

Effect of CTE on Student Retention

A ratio of 1:2 CTE to academic classes minimizes the risk of students dropping out of high school

(Plank, 2001, 2005).

Engagement: We have a boy problem… but many of the people who don’t fit in are boys. A decade or so ago, people started writing books and articles on the boy crisis. At the time, the evidence was disputable and some experts pushed back. Since then, the evidence that boys are falling behind has mounted. The case is closed. The numbers for boys get worse and worse.

By 12th grade, male reading scores are below females’

11th grade boys write at an 8th grade girl level

Boys used to have an advantage in math and science, but that gap is nearly gone.

Boys are more likely to have discipline problems

Boys account for ¾ all D’s and F’s Men are a minority in college (40%) 2 million fewer men graduate from

college over the past decade than women

Grad school gap is even higher

David Brooks, NYT July 5, 2012

CTE Keeps Boys in School!

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Age 9th-GradeGPA

3+ CTE credits,No Focus

3+ CTE cr withFocus

MaleFemale

NS

NSA Survival

Analysis

• CTE Participation helps boys “survive” high school• There is no CTE “survival” effect for girls; but it

“does no harm”

NS=Statistically not significant

On The RiseASU Morrison Institute for Public Policy

CTE participation does have an effect on students’ academic engagement as measured by the likelihood of dropping out and absenteeism.

Tucson Unified – 20 – 60% Mesa – 79%

Economic Impact of Dropouts

“The Alliance for Excellent Education estimates that if half of Arizona’s 24,700 high school dropouts in 2010 had instead graduated from high school, the economic impact on Arizona would include $91 million in increased earnings and $7 million in increased state tax revenue.”

College Retention--ACT

19% of 2011 high school grads who took the ACTE and were considered college-ready in at least 3 subject areas tested never enrolled or returned for a second year of college

It’s not all about academics!

Any Surprises or Insights?

Turn to a partner and share any insights, questions, surprises raised by the data?

Achievement

Impact of Career/Technical Courses that Integrate Academics

46%31%

69%60%

45%

63%53%

39%

57%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Academics wereintegrated

Less intensiveacademic

integration

Academics werenot integrated

Reading Mathematics Science

Any Surprises or Insights?

Turn to a partner and share any insights, questions, surprises raised by the data?

Transition

Only 40% of 27-Year Olds Have Earned an A.A. Degree or Higher

Any Surprises or Insights?

Turn to a partner and share any insights, questions, surprises raised by the data?

Where to From Here

The Need for Multiple Pathways

Table 1. Occupations with the fastest growth – 50% Less Than a Bachelors Degree

OccupationsPercent change

Numberof

new jobs(in thousands)

Wages (May 2008

median) Education/training categoryBiomedical engineers 72 11.6 $ 77,400 Bachelor's degree

Network systems and data communications analysts 53 155.8 71,100 Bachelor's degree

Home health aides 50 460.9 20,460 Short-term on-the-job training

Personal and home care aides 46 375.8 19,180 Short-term on-the-job training

Financial examiners 41 11.1 70,930 Bachelor's degree

Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 40 44.2 72,590 Doctoral degree

Physician assistants 39 29.2 81,230 Master's degree

Skin care specialists 38 14.7 28,730 Postsecondary vocational award

Biochemists and biophysicists 37 8.7 82,840 Doctoral degree

Athletic trainers 37 6.0 39,640 Bachelor's degree

Physical therapist aides 36 16.7 23,760 Short-term on-the-job training

Dental hygienists 36 62.9 66,570 Associate degree

Veterinary technologists and technicians 36 28.5 28,900 Associate degree

Dental assistants 36 105.6 32,380 Moderate-term on-the-job training

Computer software engineers, applications 34 175.1 85,430 Bachelor's degree

Medical assistants 34 163.9 28,300 Moderate-term on-the-job training

Physical therapist assistants 33 21.2 46,140 Associate degree

Veterinarians 33 19.7 79,050 First professional degree

Self-enrichment education teachers 32 81.3 35,720 Work experience in a related occupation

Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation 31 80.8 48,890 Long-term on-the-job training

SOURCE: BLS Occupational Employment Statistics and Division of Occupational Outlook

Table 2. Occupations with the largest numerical growth – 75% Less Than a Bachelors Degree

Occupations

Numberof

new jobs(in

thousands)Percent change

Wages (May 2008

median) Education/training categoryRegistered nurses 581.5 22 $ 62,450 Associate degree

Home health aides 460.9 50 20,460 Short-term on-the-job training

Customer service representatives 399.5 18 29,860 Moderate-term on-the-job training

Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food 394.3 15 16,430 Short-term on-the-job training

Personal and home care aides 375.8 46 19,180 Short-term on-the-job training

Retail salespersons 374.7 8 20,510 Short-term on-the-job training

Office clerks, general 358.7 12 25,320 Short-term on-the-job training

Accountants and auditors 279.4 22 59,430 Bachelor's degree

Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 276.0 19 23,850 Postsecondary vocational award

Postsecondary teachers 256.9 15 58,830 Doctoral degree

Construction laborers 255.9 20 28,520 Moderate-term on-the-job training

Elementary school teachers, except special education 244.2 16 49,330 Bachelor's degree

Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 232.9 13 37,270 Short-term on-the-job training

Landscaping and grounds keeping workers 217.1 18 23,150 Short-term on-the-job training

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 212.4 10 32,510 Moderate-term on-the-job training

Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 204.4 13 40,030 Work experience in a related occupation

Management analysts 178.3 24 73,570 Bachelor's or higher degree, plus work experience

Computer software engineers, applications 175.1 34 85,430 Bachelor's degree

Receptionists and information clerks 172.9 15 24,550 Short-term on-the-job training

Carpenters 165.4 13 38,940 Long-term on-the-job training

SOURCE: BLS Occupational Employment Statistics and Division of Occupational Outlook

College for All Does Not Mean Everyone Needs a B.A. Even in This Decade Most Jobs Do Not Require a B.A.

Source: March CPS data, various years; Center on Education and the Workforce forecast of educational demand to 2018.

Pay Off

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

Licenses and CertificatesEarn More Than:

Associates Earn MoreThan:

43%

27% 31%

Associates Bachelors

43% Of PS Credential

Programs earn more than Associate Degrees

27% Of PS Credential

Programs earn more than Bachelor’s Degrees

31% Of all credentials & associate

degrees earn more

than bachelor’s

degree

Sub-Baccalaureate Credentials

STEM Occupations Previous STEM studies have neglected the

many blue collar and technical jobs that require considerable STEM knowledge. But this study finds that 50% of STEM jobs do not require a bachelor’s degree.

STEM represents 20% of all jobs.

The Hidden STEM Economy, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings, June 2013

What Citizens Want

Pathways to make high school more relevant.

Pathways to inform students and prepare them for postsecondary opportunities.

Pathways that engage students in challenging courses that don’t close the door to higher education.

Challenges Declining CTE enrollments

Declining funding

Inadequate career development

Lack of a statewide longitudinal data system

Institutional obstacles High school graduation requirements University entrance requirements HQ

Challenges Facing Reauthorization of Carl Perkins

More effective alignment of CTE with labor market needs;

Stronger collaboration among secondary and postsecondary institutions and industry partners;

A meaningful accountability system based upon common definitions and clear metrics for performance; and

Increased innovation supported through systemic reform of state policies and practices.

What States and USDE Are Doing Obama’s State of the Union: His fiscal 2014 budget request seeks $300 million in

grants to tighten the links between high school and careers

Tennessee—starting career education in 7th grade. Financing regional projects

Georgia—approved standards for foundational courses across 17 career clusters. All freshmen will be required to take at least one and encouraged to continue a sequence

New York—10 more high schools to follow the example of the Pathways in Technology Early College High School (partnership between public education and IBM)

Illinois, Georgia, New York, California, Massachusetts, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio and Tennessee—Jobs for the Future Network

Florida—SG 1076 directs state board of education to create additional pathways for students to earn diplomas, with a focus on industry certifications. Some would replace certain academic requirements including Algebra 2

Texas—lower from 15 to 5 end-of-course exams. Foundation diploma with opportunities to specialize in areas like STEM, CTE program areas

A Note From Overseas

Why in Switzerland where a university education is free, do the vast majority of young people opt for CTE?

There is a Skills Gap in the United States.

CTE Can Fill the Gap.

CTE Delivery Model

Classroom Instruction

Laboratory Instruction

Work-Based Learning

Personal and Leadership

Development (CTSO)

Recommended Reading: Pathways to Prosperity (Harvard)

Learning for Jobs (OECD, 2010)

Five Ways that Pay Along the Way to a B.A. Carnevale, et al., 9.18.12, Center on Education and the Workforce)

21st Century Career and Technical Education Pathways On the Rise (Morrison Institute for Public Policy)

Underemployed in America (Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools)

The Hidden STEM Economy (Brookings)

Carl D. Perkins CTE Act: Implementation Issues (Congressional Research Service. December 14, 2012)

Questions, Comments, Reflections