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What single activity occupies more of your time than anything else?
Sleep
• Circadian RhythmBiological clock (our bodies synchronize
with the 24 hour cycle)
• As a person moves from a waking state to deep sleep, complex changes in the electrical activity of the brain occurMeasured by an EEG
(Electroencephalogram)
Beta Waves
•Person is awake
•Short, quick waves
Alpha Waves:
•Person is relaxed
•Slower than beta waves
Theta Waves:
•Person is in a light sleep
•Slower than alpha waves
Delta Waves:
•Person is in a deep sleep
•Slowest of the waves
REM Waves:
•Person is dreaming
•Person is in a deep sleep
•Similar to beta waves(short and quick waves)
Sleep Onset
•Period between awake and sound asleep
•Have control of thoughts but they are confused
•Temperature begins to drop
SLEEP ONSET
•Temperature begins to drop
•Breathing becomes lighter
•Pulse rate slows
•Brain is relaxing
•Vision path is cut off
•Alpha Waves
Stage 1 Sleep:•Lightest sleep stage (5 mins)
•Body muscles relax
•Brain loses sense of time•Brief dreamlike images - fantastic
hallucinations: falling, weightlessness
•Alpha waves
Stage 2 Sleep:•Deeper sleep (15 mins)
•Body temperature, heart rate, respiration decrease
•Eyes begin move side to side
•Theta waves
Stage 3 Sleep:
•Deeper sleep (20 mins)
•Dreams can take place, but will not remembered
•Delta waves
Stage 4 Sleep:
•Deepest sleep (20 mins)
•Restore brain’s chemicals
•“Dead to the world”
•Sleep walking/bed wetting
•Delta waves
“Climbing the Ladder”
•Once you reach the top, you climb back down through the stages•1-2-3-4-3-2-REM-2-3-4-3-2-REM-
2-3-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-2-REM-…
Stage 5 Sleep:•REM - rapid eye movement
•Eye moves wildly side to side
•Brain is alert- body is “dead”
•Stage 5 gets longer each time you pass through it
•Most vivid dreams occur and can be remembered
•Beta-like waves
Sleep Disorders• Do you ever have trouble falling asleep
or staying asleep?40% of adults report having problems with
their sleep cycle Insomnia- recurring problems in falling or
staying asleepThree types of Insomnia
A. Drug dependency insomnia B. Idiopathic Insomnia C. Clinical Insomnia
Strategies to help you fall asleep!
• 1. Sleep restriction
• 2. Stimulus control
• 3. Relaxation response trainingReading something pleasant or relaxingWarm bathMassage…..
• If you can’t sleep and none of these work, GET OUT OF BED!!!!!
Sleep Disorders
• 2. Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)Occurs in Stage 4 sleepDifficult in wakingAmnesia following an episodeUsually once per month20% of population prone to sleepwalkingMore common in children and with boysGenetic tendency
Sleep Disorders
• 3. Incubus Attacks (Night Terrors)Sudden arousal from sleep with a piercing
scream or cryRacing pulse, powerful feelings of fear,
person feels chokedOccurs during Stage 4NOT a NIGHTMARE!!!!!
Sleep Disorders• 4. Sleep Bruxism
Grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep
Abnormal wear of the teeth, sounds of grinding, jaw muscle discomfort
• 5. Nocturnal MyoclonusPeriodic and repeated episodes of body
twitching all through the night
Sleep Disorders
• 6. Hypersomnia (Klein-Levin Syndrome)Excessive SleepinessDifficulty in awakening
• 7. NarcolepsySuddenly fall asleep in the midst of waking
activitiesFall asleep without realizing it
Sleep Disorders
• 8. RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome)Uncomfortable sensations in legs
Crawling, tingling, painFeel compelled to move legs
• 9. EnuresisUnable to sleep through the night without
wetting the bedAbnormally small bladders or sleep too
deeply
Sleep Disorders
• 10. Sleep ApneaBrief periods throughout the night in which
breathing stopsTwo types
ObstructiveCentral
Excessive weightSnoring
Sleep Disorders
• 11. Sleep ParalysisWaking and not being able to move for a short
period of timeUsually occurs out of REM sleep
• 12.FibromyalgiaCauses widespread pain and stiffness in
muscles and jointsCannot sleep b/c of painChronic daytime fatigue
Sleep Disorders
• 13. Nocturnal Sleep Related Eating Disorder (NS-RED)
Eat food during night while they appear to be asleep
Cannot remember-Stage 4 of SleepWill eat anything!
Crisco, Sticks of butter, cigarette butts