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What Is Unshielded-Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cable
January 10, 2011
:: What is UTP Cable?
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UTP stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable. UTP cable is a 100 ohm copper cable that consists of 2 to 1800 unshielded
twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This makes the cable small in diameter butunprotected against electrical interference. The twist helps to improve its immunity to electrical noise and EMI.
(You can get Cat 5e and Cat 6 UTP Patch Cable from us)
For horizontal cables, the number of pairs is typically 4 pair as shown below.
For backbone cables, the number of pairs will typically be some increment of 25, because multi-pair UTP cables are
constructed in 25-pair binder group. A sample backbone UTP cable is shown below.
:: UTP Copper Cable Conductor Size
The copper conductor of both horizontal and backbone UTP cables are either 22 AWG or 24 AWG. 24 AWG is the most
common size, but higher-performance cables like Category 6 UTP employ the larger 23 AWG copper wires.
:: Solid Conductor UTP Cable and Stranded Conductor UTP Cable
1) Solid Conductor UTP Cable
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Solid Conductor UTP Cable Picture
As its name implies, solid conductor UTP cables have a single, solid conducting copper wire as the conductor. In addition to
being physically stronger and easier to work with, these larger wires have superior electrical characteristics that remain stable
over a wider range of frequencies.
Solid conductor cables have a lower DC resistance and a lower susceptibility to high-frequency effects based on their larger
diameters alone. These properties allow solid conductor cables to support longer transmission runs and higher data rates than
their stranded cable counterparts.
UTP cables used for both horizontal and backbone applications are typically solid conductor cables.
2) Stranded Conductor UTP Cable
Stranded Conductor UTP Cable Picture
Stranded-conductor UTP cables are typically used as patch cables in either work areas or telecommunication rooms. They are
the most common Category-type cables we often directly work with.
Inside the twisted pairs of a stranded cable, each individual conductor is made up of a bundle of smaller-gauge wire strands.
These are arranged so that several wires (commonly 6 or 18) surround a single wire at the bundles center. The outer wires are
wrapped helically around the central wire through a process called stranding. The stranded wires together form a single
conductor with an overall diameter about the same as that of a conductor in a solid cable, but with a much smaller conducting
area (based on the smaller diameters of the conducting wire strands).
The stranding of the wire conductors serves to protect them, and gives stranded cables their flexibility.
:: UTP Cable Applications
UTP cables are mostly used for LAN networks. They can be used for voice, low-speed data, high-speed data, audio and
paging systems, and building automation and control systems. UTP cable can be used in both the horizontal and backbone
cabling subsystems.
:: UTP Cable Categories and Performance Specifications
UTP cables were invented for voice applications. Voice UTP cables only needed to carry analog signals which are very robust
and not easily corrupted by electrical noise or EMI. However, as UTP cables were used for different systems, higher quality
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.
As the applications evolved, different categories or grades of UTP cables were created along these years. Higher category UT
cables are referred to as data grade UTP cables, and low category UTP cables are referred to as voice grade UTP cables.
The following table shows different Category UTP cables, their business applications and corresponding performance
specification.
Note:
TIA/EIA-568 only recognized cables of Category 3 ratings or above. Category 1 cable (Cat 1) and Category 2 (Cat 2) voice-
grade coppers are a misnomer, probably adopted by those who assumed that TIA set up Categories for all types of cables
originally defined by Anixter International, the distributor, under the grades called Levels.
Cat 1 cable is used in earlier times. It is used for typically voice networks that carries only voice traffic example telephones.
Anixter Level 2 (Cat 2) was a grade of UTP cable capable of transmitting data at up to 4 Mbit/s. It is the first cable which can
transmit voice and data up to 4mbps. Anixter Level 2 cable was frequently used on ARCnet and 4 Mbit/s token ring networks
it is also used in telephone networks but it is no longer commonly used.
Category Grade Business Application Frequency
Range
Category 1 voice grade voice-grade telephone networks only; not for data
transmissions
750 kHz
Category 2 voice grade voice-grade telephone networks, as well as IBM dumb-
terminal connections to mainframe computers
1 MHz
Category 3 data grade voice-grade telephone networks, 10Mbps Ethernet,
4Mbps Token Ring, 100BaseT4 Fast Ethernet, and
100VG Any LAN
16 MHz
Category 4 data grade 16Mbps Token Ring networks 20 MHz
Category 5 data grade 100BastTX Fast Ethernet, SONET, and OC-3 ATM
networks
100 MHz
Category 5e data grade Gigabit (1000Mbps) Ethernet 100 MHz
Category 6 data grade Gigabit (1000Mbps) Ethernet 250 MHz
Category 6A data grade Gigabit (1000Mbps) and 10 Gigabit Ethernet 500 MHz
:: UTP Cable Color Codes
1) UTP Horizontal Cable Color Code
Horizontal UTP cable is four-pair construction by industry cabling standard. Each pair has two conductors. One wire of the pa
is assigned the pair color with a white stripe and the other wire is assigned the color white with the pair color stripe. The table
below lists the pair and color code for a four-pair horizontal UTP cable.
Wire Number Pair Number Color
1 1 white/blue
2 1 blue
3 2 white/orange
4 2 orange
5 3 white/green
6
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7 4 white/brown
8 4 brown
2) UTP Backbone Cable Color Code
UTP backbone cables are large, multi-pair cables. These cables are constructed of 25-pair binder groups. Each binder group i
individually color coded and each pair within a 25-pair binder group is individually color coded.
(a) 25-pair Binder Group Color Code
The 25-pair binder group is organized into five groups and there are five pairs in each group. The five color groups in a 25-pair
binder are
White pairs 1 to 5
Red pairs 6 to 10
Black pairs 11 to 15
Yellow pairs 16 to 20
Violet pairs 21 to 25
Within each color group, the five pairs are designated with the group color code and the pair color code. The pair color codefor each of the five pairs with a color coded group are
Blue 1st pair of the color code group
Orange 2nd pair of the color code group
Green 3rd pair of the color code group
Brown 4th pair of the color code group
Slate 5th pair of the color code group
The color code for a 25-pair binder group is shown in the following table.
Wire Number Pair Number Group ColorCode
Pair Color Code Color
1 1 white blue white/blue stripe
2 1 blue/white stripe
3 2 orange white/orange stripe
4 2 orange/white stripe
5 3 green white/green stripe
6 3 green/white stripe
7 4 brown white/brown stripe
8 4 brown/white stripe9 5 slate white/slate stripe
10 5 slate/white stripe
11 6 red blue red/blue stripe
12 6 blue/red stripe
13 7 orange red/orange stripe
14 7 orange/red stripe
15 8 green red/green stripe
16 8 green/red stripe
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18 9 brown/red stripe
19 10 slate red/slate stripe
20 10 slate/red stripe
21 11 black blue black/blue stripe
22 11 blue/black stripe
23 12 orange black/orange stripe
24 12 orange/black stripe25 13 green black/green stripe
26 13 green/black stripe
27 14 brown black/brown stripe
28 14 brown/black stripe
29 15 slate black/slate stripe
30 15 slate/black stripe
31 16 yellow blue yellow/blue stripe
32 16 blue/yellow stripe
33 17 orange yellow/orange stripe34 17 orange/yellow stripe
35 18 green yellow/green stripe
36 18 green/yellow stripe
37 19 brown yellow/brown stripe
38 19 brown/yellow stripe
39 20 slate yellow/slate stripe
40 20 slate/yellow stripe
41 21 violet blue violet/blue stripe
42 21 blue/violet stripe43 22 orange violet/orange stripe
44 22 orange/violet stripe
45 23 green violet/green stripe
46 23 green/violet stripe
47 24 brown violet/brown stripe
48 24 brown/violet stripe
49 25 slate violet/slate stripe
50 25 slate/violet stripe
This is shown clearly in the following picture.
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(b) More than 25-pair binder groups
Multi-pair UTP cables that have more than 25 pairs organize the 25-pair binder groups in color-coded groups using the same
color-coding sequence. This is shown in the following table.
Pair Count Binder Group Color
125 Whiteblue
2650 Whiteorange
5175 Whitegreen
76100 Whitebrown
101125 Whiteslate126150 Redblue
151175 Redorange
176200 Redgreen
201225 Redbrown
226250 RedSlate
251275 Blackblue
276300 Blackorange
301325 Blackgreen
326350 Blackbrown
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351375 Blackslate
376400 Yellow-blue
:: UTP Cable Connectors
1) RJ45 Jack and Plug
Four-pair UTP horizontal cables are terminated with an 8-position modular connector in the work area as shown below. The
RJ45 jack is an 8-conductor, compact, modular jack used to terminate UTP data cable. RJ45 jacks are engineered to maintain
specific Category 5, 5e, 6, or 6A performance, and therefore must match the category of the cable they are terminating.
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:: 568A and 568B Wiring Standards
When we refer to a jack or patch panels wiring connection, we refer to either the 568A or 568B wiring scheme. 568A and
568B wiring scheme define the pin-pair assignments for terminating UTP cable. These assignments define the pinout, or order o
connections, for wires in 8P8C eight-pin modular connector plugs and sockets.
In UTP cable, each pair is represented by a specific color. Pair 1 is Blue, Pair 2 is Orange, Pair 3 is Green, and Pair 4 is Brow
In each pair, one wire is a solid color, and the other is predominantly white with a color stripe. When terminating UTP cable,
each pair corresponds to a specific pin on the IDC contacts of the jack or patch panel.
The following charts illustrate the difference between 568A and 568B wiring scheme.
Notice that the only difference between 568A and 568B is that pairs 2 and 3 (orange and green) are swapped. Both
configurations wire the pins straight through, i.e., pins 1 through 8 on one end are connected to pins 1 through 8 on the other
end.
One can use cables wired according to either configuration in the same installation without significant problem. The primary thin
one has to be careful is not to accidentally wire the ends of the same cable according to different configurations.
PinT568A
Pair
T568B
PairWire
T568A
Color
T568B
ColorPins on plug face (socket is reversed)
1 3 2 tip white/green
stripe
white/orange
stripe
2 3 2 ring green solid orange solid
3 2 3 tipwhite/orange
stripe
white/green
stripe
4 1 1 ring blue solid blue solid
5 1 1 tipwhite/blue
stripe
white/blue
stripe
6 2 3 ring orange solid green solid
7 4 4 tipwhite/brown
stripe
white/brown
stripe
8 4 4 rin brown solid brown solid
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