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Seminar Report On

Unmanned Aircraft Systems

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Presented by: Sarfaraz Ahmad Ansari

B.Tech (7th semester-ECE) 2813331005

What is the Unmanned Aircraft System?

UAS is the term introduced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) & adopted by United States Department of Defense (DOD) & Civil Aviation Authority(UK).Detects fire with infrared imaging sensors High altitude aircraft controlled by personnel on ground. Generally used for scientific/commercial research missions

History of the UAS• The earliest unmanned aerial vehicle

was Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane after World War 1.

• Initially used for military and national defense.

• Over the years technology has been a major contribution to the unmanned aircraft work in progress.

• The modern Remote Piloted Vehicle (RPV) era began in 1959.

History 1923 First radio controlled flight 1944 First use of a cruise missile in

combat (Fieseler Fi 103) 1946 First UAV used in the science

research role (Northrop QP-61) 1959 First UAV used in the

reconnaissance role 1998 First trans-Atlantic crossing by

an unmanned aircraft (Insitu Aerosonde)

- 2001 First trans-Pacific crossing by an unmanned aircraft (Global Hawk)

Introduction of UAS

• It consist of Unmanned Aircraft(UA), the Control System & other related support equipment.

• It also called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),Drones, Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV).

• Example:- RQ-7 SHADOW, RQ-5HUNTER, RQ-11 RAVEN etc.

• They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of missions due to their small size and decreased radar.

How UAS Works

• Collects Data• Processes it into images• Sends images via satellite to fire

command centers

Purposes for UAS

• Firefighting• Police Disturbances (crime scenes,

etc)• Reconnaissance Support in natural

disasters ie: hurricanes, mudslides• Surveillance (in war zones)• UAS systems often preferred for

missions that are too “dull, dirty or dangerous” for manned aircraft.

UAV classification

• Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft or missile

• Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence • Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk

missions• Logistics - UAVs specifically designed for cargo

and logistics operation • Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically

designed for civil and commercial applications

Raven

• Mission The RQ-11 Raven Small Unmanned Aircraft System is a small man-portable UAS that performs reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition missions for Air Force Special Operations Command Battlefield Airmen and Air Force security forces.

CharacteristicsFeatures

The Raven has two air vehicles or AVs, a ground control unit, remote video terminal and support equipment.

Two specially trained Airmen

operate the Raven AV.

The Raven includes a color electro-optical camera and an infrared camera for night operations.

• General Characteristics

Primary Function: Situational awareness and direct target information

Power Plant: Electric Motor, rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Wingspan: 4.5 feet (1.37 meters)

Speed: 30-60 mph

Range: 8-12 km (4.9-7.45 miles) Endurance: 60-90 minutes System Cost:  approximately $173,000

Shadow

• The Shadow 200 is a small, lightweight, tactical UAV system. The system is comprised of air vehicles, modular mission payloads, ground control stations, launch and recovery equipment.

• Performance:

• Speed :194.5km/h • Endurance :5 to 7 hours• Mission Radius: 200km• Maximum

Speed :219km/h

MQ-1 Predator

• Mission The MQ-1 Predator is a medium-altitude, long-endurance, unmanned aircraft system 

• The MQ-1's primary mission is interdiction and conducting armed reconnaissance against critical, perishable targets

MQ-1 Predator• Features

• The basic crew for the Predator is one pilot and two sensor operators.

• The aircraft is equipped with a color nose camera (generally used by the pilot for flight control), a day variable-aperture TV camera, a variable-aperture infrared camera (for low light/night), and other sensors as the mission requires.  The cameras produce full-motion video.

• General Characteristics

Length: 27 feet (8.22 meters)

• Height: 6.9 feet (2.1 meters)

• Weight: 1,130 pounds

• Fuel Capacity: 665 pounds (100 gallons) Payload: 450 pounds (204 kilograms) Speed: Maximum speed up to 135 mph

An Unmanned System isa Network-Enabled System

• Multiple vehicle control with single operator• Communications (connectivity, bandwidth)

UAS Applications

• Weather Reconnaissance• Aerosonde UAS currently in use for Weather

Reconnaissance• Civil applications : Forest fire detection,

pollution detection, agriculture, fishing, etc...

• Localized Surveillance• Traffic Helicopter: e.g. Bell JetRanger

What is Autonomy?• Recent emerging field

• Ability to make decisions without human intervention

• Goal: tech machines to be “smart” and act more like humans.

How is UAS better than other methods ?

They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of missions due to their small size and decreased radar, acoustical, and infrared signatures.

• Maximum flight hours 30+• 3000lb fuel capacity• Fly above 52,000ft• Operate at night• Above Smoke

• With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics and other components, the RPV can be made much smaller and cheaper

2015 and Beyond

UAS operations dominate some aviation sectors

–Particularly those “dirty, dull or dangerous” Commercial UAS applications steadily grow

–Driven by “business cases” for reduced cost

Consumers becoming increasingly receptive to reduced human presence in aircraft.–Passenger flights with a single “supervisory” pilot–Cargo operations without an on-board pilot

More Benefits to Autonomy field

• High Reliability–Control system

• Helps prepare maps to assist in planning efforts

• Undetected at high altitudes.

• In fires: is able to fly above path of air tankers and helicopters fighting fire below.

Interesting Facts• In UK, BAE Systems

announced UAS to be used for police/coastal work as soon as 2012

• National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration began using “Aerosonde” UAS as “Hurricane Hunter”

Span of Unmanned Capacity

Alternative Uses for UAS

• Predicting weather• Go into hurricanes (above) for quick information

• Track air pollution

Emerging Opportunities

• Missile Defense– Providing earlier

launch detection and tracking to improve intercept opportunities

• Battlefield Communications– Enabling reliable, secure

direct communications with global maritime forces

ConclusionUAV Systems are newcomers in

the Air Traffic

Developments made for UAV Systems (automatic modes, enhanced situation awareness, ...) might reciprocally be beneficial to other civil aviation applications.

THANK YOU