What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

A set of questions about mental A set of questions about mental functioningfunctioning– trace back to philosophy trace back to philosophy

The scientific methodThe scientific method A product of historyA product of history

– Dualism in philosophyDualism in philosophy

The BIG Question…The BIG Question… Is knowledge innate ? Is knowledge innate ?

EmpiricismEmpiricism Empiricism-Empiricism- ( John Locke)- Tabula ( John Locke)- Tabula

RasaRasa

NativismNativism Nativism- is the view Nativism- is the view

that elementary ideas that elementary ideas are innateare innate

Foundations of Modern Foundations of Modern PsychologyPsychology

Rene Descartes ( 1596-1650) Rene Descartes ( 1596-1650) How is man different from other How is man different from other

animals?animals? Our minds control our bodyOur minds control our body ( except reflex)( except reflex) Charles DarwinCharles Darwin (1809-1882) (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859)Theory of natural selection (1859)

Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge

I think; therefore I am.

Charles Darwin

Rene Descartes

A New Science is BornA New Science is Born

Separated from philosophy in 19th Separated from philosophy in 19th centurycenturyWilhelm WundtWilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) (1832-1920)– Leipzig, GermanyLeipzig, Germany– applied laboratory techniques to study of the applied laboratory techniques to study of the

mindmind– Developed theory of Developed theory of StructuralismStructuralism-Mind combines objective sensation & subjective -Mind combines objective sensation & subjective

emotionemotion

The Battle BeginsThe Battle Begins

Edward TitchenerEdward Titchener (1867-1927) (1867-1927)– Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell

University University – structuralismstructuralism – -Wrote first Psychology Textbook-Wrote first Psychology Textbook

William JamesWilliam James (1842-1910) (1842-1910)– started psychology at Harvard in 1870sstarted psychology at Harvard in 1870s– functionalismfunctionalism –investigate purpose of –investigate purpose of

consciousness led to behaviorismconsciousness led to behaviorism

I

If merely 'feeling good' could decide, drunkenness would be the supremely valid human experience."

What can I say????

William JamesEdward Tichener

Behaviorism DebutsBehaviorism Debuts BehaviorismBehaviorism- asserts that psychology should - asserts that psychology should

only study behavior that is observable (scientific)only study behavior that is observable (scientific) Emphasis on environmentEmphasis on environment Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov (1849-1936) (1849-1936)

– Russian physiologist Russian physiologist – discovered conditioned reflexesdiscovered conditioned reflexes John Watson( 1878-1958)John Watson( 1878-1958)

While you are experimenting, do not remain content with the surface of things.

Ivan Pavlov

Freud & UnconsciousFreud & Unconscious Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic

Theory= emphasis on Theory= emphasis on the unconscious as a the unconscious as a behavior determinantbehavior determinant

Eros & ThanatosEros & Thanatos-Originally controversial-Originally controversial

Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.

Behaviorism FlourishesBehaviorism Flourishes

B.F. SkinnerB.F. Skinner (1904-1990) (1904-1990)– American psychologist at HarvardAmerican psychologist at Harvard– studied learning and effect of studied learning and effect of

reinforcementreinforcement– behaviorism behaviorism – Free Will is an illusionFree Will is an illusion– Prominence in 1950’sProminence in 1950’s

Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.

B. F. Skinner

The Humanists RevoltThe Humanists Revolt Humanism- Human beings have Humanism- Human beings have

freedom and endless growth freedom and endless growth potentialpotential

Carl Rogers and Abraham MaslowCarl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change

Carl Rogers

Cognition and Physiology Cognition and Physiology ResurfaceResurface

In the 1960’s and 70’s emphasis on In the 1960’s and 70’s emphasis on mental processes ( consciousness) mental processes ( consciousness) and biological basis of behavior and biological basis of behavior reemerged.reemerged.

MRI- PET Scan, EEG MRI- PET Scan, EEG

Evolutionary Psych DevelopsEvolutionary Psych Develops In the 1980’s and 90’s Darwin's ideas In the 1980’s and 90’s Darwin's ideas

resurfacedresurfaced