What is parallel structure?What is parallel structure?

To identify faulty parallel structure To identify faulty parallel structure

To correct faulty parallel structure in To correct faulty parallel structure in sentences sentences

Bell ringer #1Bell ringer #1Write down the word or words that do not fit Write down the word or words that do not fit

into each categoryinto each category1.camping, boat rides ,hiking, skiing1.camping, boat rides ,hiking, skiing2. They raise corn and wheat2. They raise corn and wheat They make their own wineThey make their own wine They are digging for clamsThey are digging for clams3. In the pit of his stomach3. In the pit of his stomach across his foreheadacross his forehead his eyeshis eyes through his veinsthrough his veins

Bell RingerBell Ringer

4. Painting pictures4. Painting pictures

two boxes of watercolorstwo boxes of watercolors

a large sketch pada large sketch pad

crayonscrayons

5. Loneliness 5. Loneliness

despairdespair

sadly sadly

Essential VocabularyEssential Vocabulary

Parallelism Parallelism is a balance that occurs in sentence is a balance that occurs in sentence structure when you combine several related structure when you combine several related ideas in one sentence and they are balanced.ideas in one sentence and they are balanced.BalanceBalance is created in a sentence when the same is created in a sentence when the same forms or parts of speech are used to express an forms or parts of speech are used to express an ideaideaEx: a noun + a noun,Ex: a noun + a noun,

a phrase+ a phrasea phrase+ a phrase a clause + a clausea clause + a clause

Signal words- Signal words- Specific words that help you Specific words that help you identify parallel structure present in the sentenceidentify parallel structure present in the sentence

Signal wordsSignal words

Some words signal parallel structure:Some words signal parallel structure:

AndAnd, ( words joined by “and” should almost , ( words joined by “and” should almost Always be parallel) If they aren’t “and” is Always be parallel) If they aren’t “and” is

probably inappropriateprobably inappropriateButBut, (implies contrast , parallel structure is , (implies contrast , parallel structure is essential to clarify those contrasts)essential to clarify those contrasts)

* Regard all coordinating conjunctions as * Regard all coordinating conjunctions as signals for parallel structure: signals for parallel structure: or, for, soor, for, so

Combination Signal WordsCombination Signal Words

Either/orEither/orNeither/norNeither/norNot only /but alsoNot only /but alsoBoth/andBoth/andWhether/ orWhether/ or

* “and” /”but” are the most common * “and” /”but” are the most common individual signal words used with parallel individual signal words used with parallel constructions but sometime combinations constructions but sometime combinations signal the need for parallelism or balancesignal the need for parallelism or balance

Examples of Parallel StructureExamples of Parallel Structure

I am not much of an athlete, but I like I am not much of an athlete, but I like softball,softball, soccersoccer and and hockey.(hockey.( 3 nouns) 3 nouns)

Dominic does not have enough time Dominic does not have enough time toto play play soccersoccer, , to join the debating teamto join the debating team, and , and to to participate in bandparticipate in band.(3 infinitive phrases).(3 infinitive phrases)

He said He said that he would meet you at thethat he would meet you at the soccer soccer fieldfield and and that you should not bethat you should not be late. (2 noun late. (2 noun clauses)clauses)

Examples of Parallel StructureExamples of Parallel Structure

The players are The players are excited,excited, eager,eager, and and eenthusiasticnthusiastic(3 adjectives)(3 adjectives)

The author wrote The author wrote skillfully skillfully , and , and quickly.quickly.

(2 adverbs)(2 adverbs)

She fell She fell in lovein love and and out of loveout of love in a few in a few minutes. (2 prepositional phrases)minutes. (2 prepositional phrases)

Examples of parallel structureExamples of parallel structure

Who he wasWho he was and and where he came fromwhere he came from did did not matter. ( 2 adverb clauses)not matter. ( 2 adverb clauses)

.How do you correct faulty parallel .How do you correct faulty parallel structure?structure?

Step 1 Read the sentenceStep 1 Read the sentenceStep 2 look for signal words to see if there is a Step 2 look for signal words to see if there is a

parallel structure attempted.parallel structure attempted.Step 3 Underline or circle signal wordStep 3 Underline or circle signal wordStep 4 examine to see what type of word or words Step 4 examine to see what type of word or words

are connected by the signal word.are connected by the signal word. (parts of speech, phrases or clauses)(parts of speech, phrases or clauses)Step 5 Correct faulty parallel structure by adding Step 5 Correct faulty parallel structure by adding

the same type of word or structure on the right the same type of word or structure on the right side of the signal word.side of the signal word.

How do you correct faulty parallel How do you correct faulty parallel structure? (Examples)structure? (Examples)

(single word parts of speech)(single word parts of speech)

Faulty structure :Faulty structure :The waiter suggested lamb The waiter suggested lamb chops, green beans chops, green beans and that we try sweet and that we try sweet potatoespotatoes

Correction: Correction: The waiter suggested lamb, The waiter suggested lamb, chops, green beans and sweet potatoes.chops, green beans and sweet potatoes.

How do you correct faulty parallel How do you correct faulty parallel structure?structure?

PhrasesPhrases

Faulty structureFaulty structure

She loves to swim in the ocean and also She loves to swim in the ocean and also water ski at the lake.water ski at the lake.

ParallelParallel

She loves to swim in the oceanShe loves to swim in the ocean and to water and to water ski at the lakeski at the lake

How do you correct faulty parallel How do you correct faulty parallel structure? (Examples)structure? (Examples)

ClausesClauses

Faulty structure Faulty structure Jared faced his trial Jared faced his trial believing in his own innocence and he believing in his own innocence and he desired the truth.desired the truth.

Parallel – Parallel – Jared faced his trial believing inJared faced his trial believing in his own innocencehis own innocence and desiring the truth and desiring the truth

Guided practice Guided practice

Complete handout as directedComplete handout as directed

Closure Closure

Complete exit slip using your notesComplete exit slip using your notes