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10/04/2014
1
What is ‘Nano’?
SCI 102 SANYAL
Nano Robots that can sail through your blood…… Capture and Kill foreign objects??
Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)
6 billion people 8000 mile diameter
10 billion components 8 inch diameter
Nano in Therapeutics
Advanced Visual Instruments Inc. http://www.med.unibs.it/~marchesi/pps97/course/section11/insulin.html
Drugs: up to ~10 nm
Example: Insulin
Surgery: down to ~100 µm
Example: Ophthalmologic Microsurgery
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Cellular Components: Nano Dimension
Chemistry of Objects at Nanoscale: Macromolecules
& What has nanotechnology got to do with Macromolecules?
What is NanoTech?
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Why Nano?
BREAKTHROUGHS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PROPERTIES AT THE NANOSCALE PERMIT
NEW SOLUTIONS, NEW APPLICATIONS, NEW CAPABILITIES BASED ON THIS UNDERSTANDING
Nano Size Effects...
Red color is due to very small amounts of gold powder (about 40 ppm)
History of Nanoparticles
Lycurgus Cup 4th Century AD
Glazed Windows
Queensland University of Technology
History of Nanoparticles
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Effects of Size of nanocrystals:
Source: Mirkin Research Group
Effects of Nanoscale
Structural differences: Bulk Carbon
Nanoscale Carbon
Carbon Nanotubes Sumio Iijima - 1991
C60 (Buckeyball) Smalley, Curl, Kroto 1996 Nobel Prize
Graphite Diamond
Effects of Nanosize:
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Effects of Nanosize:
Surface Atoms effect CATALYSIS!
Where was NANO until now? NANO has been around since centuries but We can see it now…. Due to advancements in Instrumentation
“Quantum Corral” 48 Fe atoms
positioned by the STM used to image them
http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/home_facts.html
NANO is everywhere now… No More Wet Pants….
Surface Modifications
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No need to be embarrased for smelly feet.... Hard to break….
Nanotube Reinforced Composites
Bouncier Balls….
Jan 2002
Clay nanocomposites
LabNow Blood Analyser “Tiny channels in a card filter white from red blood cells. When the card is popped into the analysing machine, it can come up with a white-cell count in 10 to 15 minutes. This could be important for HIV/Aids treatment.”
Business Week Bandages embedded with silver nanoparticles Drug delivery via a patch Thin films on implantations into the human
body (for example screws, joints, and stents) allowing devices to last longer
Respiration monitors that are many times more sensitive
Man-made skin for skin graft applications. National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network
Nano Health Care
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“Samsung has rolled out a line of fridges and washing machines that use nanocoatings to prevent nasty bugs from growing. Specks of silver, as small as one nanometer across, are used to coat surfaces. These nanoparticles are so electrically active that they inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and fungs. In its fridge, Samsung used the nanosilver in the deodorizer unit and water dispenser to sanitize the air and water that passes over them.” Business Week
Samsung Nano SilverSeal Refrigerator
How does nanosilver kill bacteria?
Driving Force of This Century?
Nanoscale delivery Agents
Cyclodextrin based Drug Formulations
Nano-Therapeutics
Functionalization with groups that recognize and kill cancer cells
Hope for multifunctional “smart” therapeutics
Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science
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Nano-Therapeutics
Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science
Synthesis of dendritic polymers
From Brad Orr, U of M
POLYMERS CAN BE SPHERICAL TOO!...Soft NanoBalls
Biomolecular Immobilization??
Chemical Reactions on patterened surfaces
Fabrication of Microstuctures and their Chemical Modifications:
Introduction of Microfabrication and Nanofabrication
1959….
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About half a Century later…….
Source: Mirkin Research Group