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What is Islam and Who are the Muslims?
SEPTEMBER 16 WARM-UP
What was the capital of Eastern Rome? Who was the emperor of Eastern Rome?
Overview of Islam
Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than
1 billion followers throughout the world
What was Arabia like before Muhammad?
Don’t STOP…Believing…..
Hold on to that Fe-e-e-e-lin
IslamIslam is a monotheistic religion that
began in city of Mecca located on the Arabian Peninsula near the Byzantine Empire
Arabians were polytheistic & came to visit Mecca to pray to the KabbaKabba, a shrine containing idols of 360 different gods (including Allah)
IslamMohammad was born in Mecca & was
interested in monotheism of Jews & Christians who traded in Mecca
At age 40, Mohammad had a vision that told him he was a messenger of AllahAllah (Arabic word for “god”; the same god as Christians & Jews)
Muhammad called his religion IslamIslam (“surrender to God”) & destroyed the other idols in the Kabba
Quick facts:–Followers of Islam
are called Muslims who believe in one God, called Allah
–Allah is the same God worshiped by Jews & Christians
–Muslims believe Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets
The teachings of Mohammed were
written down in the Qur'an (Koran), the holy book of Islam
IslamMohammad identified rules all
Muslims should live by, called the Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam:–FaithFaith—believe in 1 god, Allah–PrayerPrayer—five times every day–AlmsAlms—give money to the needy–FastingFasting—eat no food from sunrise to
sunset for 1 month (Ramadan)–PilgrimagePilgrimage—one in life, go to Mecca
Muezzin Pilgrims Pilgrims in Meccain Mecca
Islam Islam became a very popular religion in Mecca and Medina.
Expansion of IslamMuslims began to expand; idea
of jihad taught that Muslims would go straight to heaven if died fighting for Allah; so they fought very hard to expand.–Holy wars were considered okay
in God's eyes.
• Islam expanded into a huge empire including Spain, Northern Africa, Persia, and Arabia.
Expansion of Islam
Expanded Arabic language and cultural innovations.
Islamic rulers proved mostly tolerant, they offered new subjects three choices:
1.convert to Islam2.pay a tax or3.die
What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?
Islam Islam split into 2 sects; after
Muhammad died, caliphscaliphs (followers of Muhammad) lead Islamic faith, but confusion over the “correct” leadership (caliph):–SunniSunni—caliphs should be chosen by
vote (95% Muslims are Sunni today)–ShiiteShiite—caliphs should come directly
from Muhammad’s family tree (more radical; 3% of all Muslims today)
The Islamic Empire After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
- The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions
- The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread Islam
Percentage Today of Sunni & Shi’a Muslims
Worldwide
BYZANTINESBYZANTINES
MUSLIMSMUSLIMS
Ottoman TurksTurks are nomads from Asia;
contact with Muslim Empire led to conversion of Turks to Islam
Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks—Most powerful group of Turks began to grow strong as Byzantine Empire and Islamic Empire began to weaken–Defeated both Islamic Empire &
Byzantine Empire; created Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
Seige of Constantinople Seige of Constantinople (1453 A.D.)(1453 A.D.)
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire