Artificial Intelligence

What is intelligence? What do you think makes a person

“intelligent”? Some ideas: being able to do lots

of math in your head

being able to memorizelots of names and dates

grandiloquence (a fancyword for using fancy words)

having a photographicmemory

knowing how to say wordsin different languages

knowing everythingin the encyclopedia

Can you think of any others?

Intelligence is complicatedThese things make you smart, but not

necessarily intelligentIntelligence is more than just “book smarts”A computer can solve massive equations in

less than a second but it still isn’t intelligent like you are

Humans have many different types of intelligence; computers only really have one.

Gardener’s Theory of Multiple IntelligencesBodily-kinesthetic InterpersonalVerbal-linguisticLogical-mathematical Naturalistic (*)IntrapersonalSpatialMusical

http://www.literacyworks.org/mi/assessment/index.html

Computers and IntelligenceHow well do you think a computer would do

in your math class?What about your English class?How did you learn to be good at these things?

Practice, practice, practice…

Can a computer “think”?“The question of whether Machines Can

Think... is about as relevant as the question of whether Submarines Can Swim.”Edsger W. Dijkstra

Is thinking the same thing as learning?Let’s find out…

More on “thinking”"Can machines fly?" This is true, since

airplanes fly."Can machines swim?" This is false, because

submarines don't swim."Can machines think?" Is this question like

the first, or like the second?Drew McDermott: "Saying Deep Blue

doesn't really think about chess is like saying an airplane doesn't really fly because it doesn't flap its wings.“

John Searle: A thinking machine can only be a simulation

How do we know if something is intelligent? We know how to judge intelligence in

humans, so how can we test for intelligence in machines?

We compare them to humans! Alan Turing thought up a test

to see if a machine is as intelligent as a human.

It goes like this:

The Turing Test

Turing Test Put a person at a computer.

Hook this computer up to 2 other computers in a chat program:One has a person on the

other end, the other has a computer

If the 1st person can’t tell which is the machine and which is human, it’s true Artificial Intelligence

However…Not one single computer has ever passed the

Turing test!Here’s an example of one trying, and failing

miserably…

So much for intelligence…

A chat with Cleverbot

Hi, how are you?I’m fine.What are you going to do with your day?What are you going to do with yours?I'm learning about artificial intelligence.I have none.You have no intelligence?You have no chocolate.I didn’t say anything about chocolate.Did you know the ocean is orange?I’m pretty sure it’s blue.What is me?

More unintelligent robotshttp://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnzlbyTZsQYSiri?Autocorrect?

What next?So we’ve established that so far, no computer

has ever managed to pass as a humanWhy do you think this is?What do you think its learning algorithms

look like?

Uncanny ValleyDo we need or want robots that are human-

like?

Social RobotsKismet, Leo, and social robots:http://

www.ted.com/talks/cynthia_breazeal_the_rise_of_personal_robots.html

DiscussionThe moving camera robot seems to be like

having a hologram, but physical. What do you think of this over taking a plane to go visit family overseas?

Is it creepy or cool to have a robo-friend? Do you think these will replace real friends?

“Strong” vs. “weak” AI“Strong” AI means intelligence in the way we

humans think of it: being able to act and think like us

“Weak” AI, also “applied” or “narrow” AI, is made to respond to specific situations intelligently, though not necessarily with human intelligence

Is strong AI possible?Computers fail the Turing Test because it

tests for general intelligent action or “strong AI”

Strong AI encompasses everything a human can do, which is a lot.

Some robots, however, can be programmed to learn, so even if they can’t do something now, they can write their own programs for themselves.

Some philosophers don’t even think strong AI is possible.

Synthetic IntelligenceAnother term for AI that emphasizes the idea

that computer intelligence doesn’t need to imitate human intelligence

We’ve come up with many weak AI and calculating programs that are much more efficient than humansCalculators

Such as programs you learned to write in Python for converting temperatures and the Pythagorean theorem.

Applications of AISpeech recognitionHandwriting recognitionNatural language

translation (harder than it seems; that’s why you should never use FreeTranslation.com to do your Spanish homework)

Video game virtual opponents

Diagnostics (WebMD, anyone?)

Philosophy of AIYou’ve all seen sci-fi movies with evil robots

or machines that can thinkIs it even possible to program something to

think for itself?

The Future of AIWe may only have weak AI now, but people

are still doing research to make strong AI in the future

Perfecting learning algorithms There’s research in using neural networks to

build better AIPredictive modeling, adaptive control (like

neurons in the brain)

What are people doing right now?Robots that fly, cooperate, and map rooms:http://

www.ted.com/talks/vijay_kumar_robots_that_fly_and_cooperate.html

Vijay Kumar and his team build flying, small, agile robots that swarm, sense each other, and form specialized teams -- for construction, surveying disasters and far more.

Games!Intelligent Piece of Paper Game20 Questions

http://www.20q.net/Akinator (20 Questions for people/characters)

http://en.akinator.com/