What is Geography?What is Geography? Geography is the study of the world, its Geography is the study of the world, its

people and the landscapes they create. people and the landscapes they create.

Two areas of geographyTwo areas of geography

Physical geographyPhysical geography = = LandformsLandforms

Bodies of waterBodies of water ClimateClimate

SoilsSoils PlantsPlants

Human geographyHuman geography = = PeoplePeople

CommunitiesCommunities Landscapes they create: Landscapes they create:

TraditionsTraditions

ClothesClothes

Jobs Jobs

Food Food

Five ThemesFive ThemesGeographers use the five major Geographers use the five major

themes, or ideas, to organize and themes, or ideas, to organize and guide their studies.guide their studies.

MovementMovement RegionsRegions LocationLocation Interaction (Human-Environmental) Interaction (Human-Environmental) PlacePlace

MovementMovement

Moving of people, goods, and Moving of people, goods, and ideas from place to place.ideas from place to place.

MovementMovement

Movement is transportation of an object from one place Movement is transportation of an object from one place to another.to another.

For example, the majority of oranges are grown in only For example, the majority of oranges are grown in only two states in the United States: Florida and California. two states in the United States: Florida and California. However, the rest of the country enjoys oranges year However, the rest of the country enjoys oranges year round thanks to movement. round thanks to movement.

Likewise, the movement of ideas permits regional beliefs Likewise, the movement of ideas permits regional beliefs to be spread to other regions--a fashion that begins in to be spread to other regions--a fashion that begins in California (like surfers' long hair) can soon be adopted California (like surfers' long hair) can soon be adopted by people in all regions of the country or even the world.by people in all regions of the country or even the world.

MovementMovement

For our world to advance from medieval times to For our world to advance from medieval times to where we are now, it took increasingly more where we are now, it took increasingly more advanced systems of movement. advanced systems of movement.

The printing press helped spread ideas that The printing press helped spread ideas that encouraged further thought, which in turn encouraged further thought, which in turn resulted in other inventions such as the steam resulted in other inventions such as the steam engine, electricity, and the gasoline engine. engine, electricity, and the gasoline engine.

We now are able to move goods, ideas, and people We now are able to move goods, ideas, and people very quickly and efficiently.very quickly and efficiently.

MovementMovement

People have changed how they move:People have changed how they move: walkingwalking

animals carrying us animals carrying us moved by machinesmoved by machines

MovementMovement

Goods are distributed in a variety of Goods are distributed in a variety of ways.ways.

by trucks (land)by trucks (land) by airplanes (air) by airplanes (air) by boats (water)by boats (water)

Refrigerated trucks make movement of certain food items Refrigerated trucks make movement of certain food items possible to regions where they would otherwise never be possible to regions where they would otherwise never be grown.grown.

MovementMovement

Ideas are spread through a system of Ideas are spread through a system of movement called communication. movement called communication.

LettersLetters TelephonesTelephones

FaxesFaxes Broadcast media (radio and T.V.)Broadcast media (radio and T.V.)

The internet.The internet.

RegionsRegions Areas of the world that Areas of the world that

have common have common characteristics. characteristics.

RegionsRegions

Physical characteristicsPhysical characteristics = = mountain ranges, deserts, mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, climates, and rivers, climates, and landforms. landforms.

Human characteristicsHuman characteristics = = language, religious beliefs, language, religious beliefs, and political attitudes.and political attitudes.

Regions are relative locations that are Regions are relative locations that are brought together by common characteristics.brought together by common characteristics.

RegionsRegions

Examples of regions Examples of regions formed by human formed by human characteristics are: characteristics are: Jerusalem, and Chinatown Jerusalem, and Chinatown in Chicago. in Chicago.

Regions formed by Regions formed by physical characteristics physical characteristics include: The Sahara include: The Sahara Desert, the Appalachian Desert, the Appalachian Mountains, Death Valley, Mountains, Death Valley, the Bad Lands of South the Bad Lands of South Dakota.Dakota.

RegionsRegions

For example, Colorado For example, Colorado is split by the Rocky is split by the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are the Mountains are the unifying characteristic unifying characteristic because they are the because they are the center of life in the center of life in the area. area.

RegionsRegions The eastern edge of the The eastern edge of the

Rocky Mountains is a Rocky Mountains is a heavily populated region heavily populated region (see below) that developed (see below) that developed by taking advantage of the by taking advantage of the natural resources present at natural resources present at the break line between the the break line between the Rocky Mountains and the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains: mountain Great Plains: mountain streams for water, trees for streams for water, trees for lumber, fertile soils on the lumber, fertile soils on the plains for crop growth, plains for crop growth, moderate temperatures, and moderate temperatures, and good precipitation levels.good precipitation levels.

Location Location

Where a place is found (absolute and Where a place is found (absolute and relative)relative):: Absolute location – using latitude, Absolute location – using latitude,

longitude (40N, 120E) longitude (40N, 120E) Relative location – using a landmark Relative location – using a landmark

(Illinois is located next to Indiana)(Illinois is located next to Indiana)

LocationLocation Absolute location=Absolute location= When studying the earth, When studying the earth,

we study areas (or we study areas (or "regions") "regions") andand we study we study specific coordinates on the specific coordinates on the map. Any place that has a map. Any place that has a coordinate (an exact coordinate (an exact longitude and latitude) longitude and latitude) would be classified as an would be classified as an ""absolute locationabsolute location." On a ." On a map, places with map, places with coordinates are often coordinates are often marked by a dot or other marked by a dot or other similar symbols. “similar symbols. “Relative Relative locationslocations” are larger areas ” are larger areas that do not have exact that do not have exact coordinatescoordinates..

LocationLocation Relative Location=Relative Location= An area or region would An area or region would

be called a relative be called a relative location. A relative location. A relative location is a place or location is a place or area as compared to area as compared to another place or area. another place or area. Relative locations can Relative locations can change depending on change depending on the circumstances. For the circumstances. For example, below is a map example, below is a map of the northeast. of the northeast.

LocationLocation

The whole map would be considered a The whole map would be considered a relative location, as would each individual relative location, as would each individual state. Since there is no location that could state. Since there is no location that could be given one coordinate, the US map doesn't be given one coordinate, the US map doesn't show an absolute location.show an absolute location.

So states would always be an example of a So states would always be an example of a relative location. relative location.

LocationLocationNote that on the relative Note that on the relative map of Pennsylvania, map of Pennsylvania, there is a specific there is a specific coordinate labeled coordinate labeled "Montrose." This is an "Montrose." This is an absolute location absolute location compared to the relative compared to the relative area of Pennsylvania. area of Pennsylvania. (Remember that (Remember that Pennsylvania also Pennsylvania also appeared as a part of the appeared as a part of the relative map of the relative map of the northeast.)northeast.)

LocationLocation The relationship between relative and absolute location.The relationship between relative and absolute location.

LocationLocation The map of Montrose below The map of Montrose below

now zooms in on the now zooms in on the Montrose coordinates to Montrose coordinates to show the entire area of show the entire area of Montrose. Zooming in on Montrose. Zooming in on Montrose doesn't change the Montrose doesn't change the fact that Montrose is an fact that Montrose is an absolute location since it can absolute location since it can still be defined with still be defined with coordinates. Absolute and coordinates. Absolute and relative locations can also be relative locations can also be determined by how a place is determined by how a place is described. described.

LocationLocation For example, if you say For example, if you say

Montrose is in the Northeast Montrose is in the Northeast of Pennsylvania, it would be of Pennsylvania, it would be considered a relative location. considered a relative location. If Montrose was described by If Montrose was described by its coordinates, it would be its coordinates, it would be considered an absolute considered an absolute location. Note also that an location. Note also that an absolute location can exist absolute location can exist within another absolute within another absolute location; for example, the location; for example, the Montrose courthouse (see red Montrose courthouse (see red dot) can be described by its dot) can be described by its coordinates therefore making coordinates therefore making it an absolute location, within it an absolute location, within another absolute location another absolute location (Montrose).(Montrose).

LocationLocation

InteractionInteraction How people How people

interact with interact with their their environmentenvironment

People interact in People interact in three ways: three ways:

Depend Depend ChangeChange AdaptAdapt

InteractionInteraction Human Environment Interaction is how mankind reacts to Human Environment Interaction is how mankind reacts to

its surroundings. Humans interact with nature every day. its surroundings. Humans interact with nature every day. Humans react differently to everything they live near. Humans react differently to everything they live near. There are three ways that humans interact with nature:There are three ways that humans interact with nature:

Humans Humans dependdepend on the environment for food, air, water, on the environment for food, air, water, etc. etc.

They They changechange their surroundings by clear cutting, mining, their surroundings by clear cutting, mining, building dams, and by mowing the lawn. building dams, and by mowing the lawn.

Humans Humans adapt adapt to their environment in more ways than to their environment in more ways than they modify and depend on the environment combined. they modify and depend on the environment combined. They adapt to their environment by building roads, They adapt to their environment by building roads, bridges, houses and other buildings; by organizing cities bridges, houses and other buildings; by organizing cities and towns near water and/or other resources; and by and towns near water and/or other resources; and by creating hybrid plants.creating hybrid plants.

InteractionInteraction For example, a human might want to cross a river, so he For example, a human might want to cross a river, so he

builds a bridge. He/she wouldn't be changing or modifying builds a bridge. He/she wouldn't be changing or modifying the river in any way, and he wouldn't depend on the river the river in any way, and he wouldn't depend on the river to build the bridge. So it is obvious that he would be to build the bridge. So it is obvious that he would be adapting to the river--that is, living with the river's adapting to the river--that is, living with the river's existence. On the other side of the river, this human could existence. On the other side of the river, this human could modify nature by cutting down trees and building a house. modify nature by cutting down trees and building a house. The human would dig a well and depend on the water for The human would dig a well and depend on the water for existence.existence.

Interaction:Interaction:How does this picture represent human and environment interaction?

Interaction: Interaction: How does this picture represent

human and environment interaction?

Interaction: Interaction: How does this picture represent human and environment interaction?

PlacePlace

Refers to the Refers to the physical and physical and human human characteristics characteristics of an area. of an area.

PlacePlace

"Place" "Place" refers to the physical and human refers to the physical and human featuresfeatures that are found on our earth. These that are found on our earth. These characteristics affect what it’s like to be in characteristics affect what it’s like to be in that area. that area.

When studying the earth, we must study When studying the earth, we must study bothboth the physical and the human features so the physical and the human features so we can adapt to the different features we can adapt to the different features and/or modify them to our needs.and/or modify them to our needs.

PlacePlace

Physical features are Physical features are natural natural characteristics such as characteristics such as mountains, valleys, streams, mountains, valleys, streams, and rock formations. and rock formations.

Examples:Examples:

PlacePlace

PlacePlace

PlacePlace

Humans add other characteristics to Humans add other characteristics to our earth, such as buildings, fences, our earth, such as buildings, fences, and roads, which are usually man and roads, which are usually man made. made.

Examples:Examples:

PlacePlace

PlacePlace

PlacePlace

QuizQuiz

Name the theme that goes with the picture Name the theme that goes with the picture shown.shown.

Please do not yell out any answers.Please do not yell out any answers. Raise your hand if you know the answer.Raise your hand if you know the answer. Some pictures can have more than one theme.Some pictures can have more than one theme.

Name the Theme?Name the Theme?

Name the Theme?Name the Theme?

Name the Theme?Name the Theme?

Name the Theme?Name the Theme?

Name the Theme?Name the Theme?

Which theme was not used and Which theme was not used and give an example of it?give an example of it?

STUDY FOR STUDY FOR Eastern Europe Eastern Europe QUIZ Oct 25!!!QUIZ Oct 25!!!