What is geneva convention ? क्याWing

Commander Abhinandan वापसआ पाएंगे

• HISTORY

• The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are international treaties that contain the most important rules limiting the barbarity of war.

• They protect people who do not take part in the fighting (civilians, medics, aid workers) and those who can no longer fight (wounded, sick and shipwrecked troops, prisoners of war)

• The 1949 Geneva Conventions

• The first Geneva Convention protects wounded and sick soldiers on land during war.

• The second Geneva Convention protects wounded, sick and shipwrecked military personnel at sea during war.

• The third Geneva Convention applies to prisoners of war.

• The fourth Geneva Convention affords protection to civilians, including in occupied territory.

• Common Article 3• Article 3, common to the four Geneva Conventions, marked a

breakthrough, as it covered, for the first time, situations of non-international armed conflicts. These types of conflicts vary greatly. They include traditional civil wars, internal armed conflicts that spill over into other States or internal conflicts in which third States or a multinational force intervenes alongside the government. Common Article 3 establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted. It is like a mini-Convention within the Conventions as it contains the essential rules of the Geneva Conventions in a condensed format and makes them applicable to conflicts not of an international character:

• It requires humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It specifically prohibits murder, mutilation, torture, cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment, the taking of hostages and unfair trial.

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• It requires that the wounded, sick and shipwrecked be collected and cared for.

• It grants the ICRC the right to offer its services to the parties to the conflict.

• It calls on the parties to the conflict to bring all or parts of the Geneva Conventions into force through so-called special agreements.

• It recognizes that the application of these rules does not affect the legal status of the parties to the conflict.

• Given that most armed conflicts today are non-international, applying Common Article 3 is of the utmost importance. Its full respect is required.

• Indian Air Force's Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman, in Pakistani custody after his plane was shot down on Wednesday, will be governed under the Geneva Convention of 1929.

The rules protecting prisoners of war (POWs) are specific. They were first detailed in the 1929 Geneva Convention and later amended in the third 1949 Geneva Convention following the lessons of World War II.

According to the rules, the status of POW only applies in international armed conflict.

"POWs are usually members of the armed forces of one of the parties to a conflict who fall into the hands of the adverse party," the Convention state

• "Their detention is not a form of punishment, but only aims to prevent further participation in the conflict. They must be released and repatriated without delay after the end of hostilities. The detaining power may prosecute them for possible war crimes, but not for acts of violence that are lawful under International Humantarian Law," it says.

The rules specify that POWs must be treated humanely in all circumstances.

"They are protected against any act of violence, as well ..

against intimidation, insults, and public curiosity," the Geneva Convention states.