If you can't read please download the document
Upload
lekhuong
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What is Environmental Engineering?
Majors Night October 18, 2006
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
What is Environmental Engineering (What is Environmental Engineering (EnvEEnvE)?)? HistoryHistory ExamplesExamples
Environmental Engineering at Penn StateEnvironmental Engineering at Penn State FacultyFaculty ResearchResearch CoursesCourses
What is Environmental Engineering?What is Environmental Engineering?
The monitoring, improvement, & protection The monitoring, improvement, & protection of the environment through designof the environment through design
Some examples of Environmental Some examples of Environmental Engineering todayEngineering today
Treatment of surface water, Treatment of surface water, groundwater, waste water, soil, & airgroundwater, waste water, soil, & air
Management of wetlands & watershedsManagement of wetlands & watersheds
Disposal of solid & hazardous wastesDisposal of solid & hazardous wastes
Production of renewable energyProduction of renewable energy
Design of Design of greengreen productsproducts
Environmental Engineering at Environmental Engineering at Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Dr. Rachel Brennan Dr. Bill Burgos Dr. Fred Cannon Dr. Brian Dempsey
Dr. Bruce LoganDr. Bruce Logan Dr. Jack Matson Dr. Jay Regan Dr. Ray Regan
Environmental Engineering Faculty Environmental Engineering Faculty at Penn State Universityat Penn State University
Environmental Engineering Research Environmental Engineering Research
BioEnergyBioEnergy ProductionProduction Microbial fuel cells, biological hydrogen productionMicrobial fuel cells, biological hydrogen production
BioremediationBioremediation Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage, Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage,
volatile organic compounds, nitratevolatile organic compounds, nitrate
Drinking water treatmentDrinking water treatment Activated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulationActivated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulation
Wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment Nitrification, urban runoffNitrification, urban runoff
Solid waste managementSolid waste management
EcopreneeringEcopreneering EcoEco--building, ecobuilding, eco--village, ecovillage, eco--products, ecoproducts, eco--etc.etc.
BioEnergy Production: Producing Electricity During Wastewater Treatment Using Microbial fuel cell (MFC)
A MFC is a device that use bacteria as a biocatalyst to oxidize organic matter and produce electricity. The bacteria (attached to the anode) produce electrons that travel to the cathode (current).
Proton Exchange membrane (PEM)
load
Anode Cathode
bact
eria
Oxidation products
(CO2)
Fuel (wastes)
e-e-
Oxidant (O2)
Reduced oxidant (H2O)
H+
This is a single-chambered MFC, developed by Professor Logans group at Penn State, to treat wastewater and produce electricity
Reference: Liu et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. (2004)
Bruce Logan, Professor of Environmental Engineering
Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)
See a MFC working in real time: www.engr.psu.edu/mfccam
Biological Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen can be produced by bacteria from fermentation of sugarsGas is 60% pure H2 (balance is carbon dioxide)
H2- from any biomass using microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)
H2
Cathode
CO2 e-
H+
e-
Bacteria
Anode
PEM
No oxygen in cathode chamber
PS
Ref: Liu et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2005)
No oxygen in anode chamber
0.25 V needed (vs 1.8 V for water electrolysis)
Drinking water treatment:Perchlorate bioremediation 4
Perchlorate respiringculture (optional)
Supplemental carbon source with(optional) N, P addition
Backwash withchlorate, N, P,acetate
Contaminatedwater source
Perchloratefree water
Sandfilter
ATTRIBUTES:Continuous perchlorate removalClogging avoided by intermittent backwashBiofilm regeneration by side process
Patent No. 6214607
Perchlorate (used in rocket propellent) can be degraded using bacteria.
Bioremediation of Groundwater: enhancing the transport of pollutant-degrading bacteria
Saturated Zone
Injection Well Withdrawal well
Zone of reactivecolloidal particles
Using atomic force microscopy to understand bacterial adhesion at the nano-scale.
Bioremediation of Metals and Radionuclides
Soluble U(VI) Insoluble UO2(s)
Soluble Cr(VI) Insoluble Cr(OH)3(s)
Soluble Tc(VII) Insoluble TcO2(s)
Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3
Cell-free
UO2(s) U(VI)(aq)
Biogenic UO2(s) nanoparticles
How is AMD formed?How is AMD formed?
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical & Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical & chemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeSchemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeS22
Very common problem in PennsylvaniaVery common problem in Pennsylvania Abandoned coal minesAbandoned coal mines II--99 construction!99 construction!
Yellow BoyYellow Boy Formation from Typical MinesFormation from Typical Mines
Elevated aluminum in mine water discharge
Elevated iron in mine water discharge
Passive treatment system for mine
discharge
Untreated mine discharge
Innovative Treatment of AcidInnovative Treatment of Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageJon Dietz & Prof. DempseyJon Dietz & Prof. Dempsey
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Inflow
MixerAir
Reactor Tank
Settling Tank
Iron Precipitate
Abiotic treatment with recirculation,pH 5.5 to 6.8
IRR > 1000 g/m2/dHigh-density sludge
Temperature Compensated & Normalized by Fe(II), Fe(III), & DO
y = 2.195x - 15.821R2 = 0.976
y = 0.9006x - 7.7207R2 = 0.2257
-4.2
-3.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.4
5.0 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.0pH
log(
Kto
t/DO
/Fe(
III))y = 0.6602x2 - 6.8299x + 18.605
R2 = 0.776
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
5 5.5 6 6.5
pH
Log
Nor
mal
ized
[Fe(
II)So
rb]
Model Data Poly. (Data)
Field and Laboratory Analyses of PA Streams Field and Laboratory Analyses of PA Streams Degraded by AcidDegraded by Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageByungtae Park & Prof. DempseyByungtae Park & Prof. Dempsey
Evaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration to Evaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration to Prevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffPrevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffDavid Swisher & Prof. DempseyDavid Swisher & Prof. Dempsey
Table 6.2. Chemical Analysis for 6/4/02 Storm Event
Porous Lot Control Lot Ca, mg/L 12.5 13.5 Cu, mg/L
Membrane Filtration for the Production of Potable Membrane Filtration for the Production of Potable Water & for ReWater & for Re--use of Wastewateruse of WastewaterKevin Choi & Prof. DempseyKevin Choi & Prof. Dempsey
-5.0
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
pH
log
Al
AlumPAC70ACHACH w/acid 27.5
38.5
36.8
23.8
11.2
30.526.1
ZP = 0
% removal of TOC is given next to points
Drinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water Treatment
Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment
Environmental BiotechnologyEnvironmental Biotechnology
AOB clones
from pilot plant
0.1
Nm.oligotropha Nm45
Nm.ureaeNm. AL212
Nm. JL21Nm. aestuarii Nm36
Nm. marina Nm22Nm. cryotolerans
Nm. europaeaNm. eutropha C91
Nm. halophila Nm1Nc. mobilis Nc2Nm. communis Nm2
Nm. nitrosa Nm90Ns. tenuis
Ns. briensis C128Ns. multiformis 25196Gallionella ferruginea
Rhodocyclus spPropionivibrio dicarboxylicus
Ralstonia eutrophaNc. halophilus Nc2Nc. oceanus C27
Escherichia coli ATCC11775T
2 clones
3 clones11 clones
4 clones11 clones
Nitrosomonas oligotropha
cluster
marina cluster
europaeaclustercommunisclusterNitrosospira
Brennan Research GroupBrennan Research GroupDepartment of Civil & Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil & Environmental EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USAThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil & Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil & Groundwater Contaminants through Groundwater Contaminants through Alternative Nutrient & Delivery TechniquesAlternative Nutrient & Delivery Techniques
Groundwater Contamination by Groundwater Contamination by Tetrachloroethene (PCE)Tetrachloroethene (PCE)
Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) Difficult to remove using Difficult to remove using pump & treatpump & treat
Microorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCEMicroorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCE Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a. Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a. halo