What is CSS or What You Mean by CSS

7/23/2019 What is CSS or What You Mean by CSS

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What is CSS or What you mean by CSS ?

In computing, CSS is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of

a document written in a markup language. CSS, short for Cascading Style

Sheets, a new feature being added to HTML that gies both !eb site designers,

deelopers and users more control oer how pages are displayed. more about

CSS….

What you mean by Cascading?

Cascading, " fundamental feature of CSS is that more than one style sheet can

in#uence a document$s presentation. In CSS eery rule is assigned a speci%city

alue based on the composition of its selector, its location within a style sheet,

and the location of that style sheet relatie to other style sheets. speci%city iswhat helps the browser determine how much &weight' is to be applied to a

gien CSS rule, based on the situation in which it appears. more about

Cascading…

Difference between HTML and XHTML.

HTML, stands for Hyper Te(t Markup Language, and )HTML stands for *(tensible

Hyperte(t Markup Language is a family of )ML markup languages that mirror or

e(tend ersions of the widely used Hyperte(t Markup Language +HTML. The main di-erences of HTML and )HTML are

/. )HTML /.0, a reformulation of HTML 1 as an )ML /.0 application.)HTML

uses )ML parsing re2uirements but html used its owm which are de%ned

much more closely to the way browser actully handle HTML today.

3. )HTML is case4sensitie, HTML is not. "ll tags and attributes must be

lowercase in )HTML.

5. )HTML allows the use of C6"T" sections, HTML does not.

1. )HTML can use (mlbase, HTML cannot.

http://www.design2core.com/css-articles/what-is-css.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets








7. HTML +prior to HTML7 was de%ned as an application of Standard

8enerali9ed Markup Language +S8ML, a ery #e(ible markup language

framework, )HTML is an application of )ML, a more restrictie subset of

S8ML.

More about html and xhtml….

Types of Stye Sheet or !o. of way we can use a stye sheet in a web page.

There are three common types of CSS styles

/. Inline style sheet

Inline styles are styles that are written directly in the tag on the

document.and speci%ed using the &style' attribute.

:p style;'style;'color<CC0000='>te(t goes here:?p>

3. External Style Sheets

"n e(ternal type of style sheet is a separate %le apart from the HTML

%le+s, which can be linked with any number of HTML documents.

professionals use it ery often.

:head>:link rel;'stylesheet' type;'te(t?css' href;'stylename.css'

?>:?head>

5. Embedded (internal) Style Sheets

*mbedded styles are styles that are embedded in the head of the

document.@ou de%ne *mbedded +internal styles in the head section of an

HTML page, by using the :style> tag

<style type=”text/css”><!–

P { font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif–></style>

http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?t=393445#q2

http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?t=393445#q2



we can also attach a style sheet using Aimport rule. The Aimport rule allows

you to include e(ternal style sheets in your document. The Aimport notations

must come before any other declaration.

<style type=”text/css”><!–"import #rl$%&'(”)–></style>

What"s the difference between cespaging # cepadding

It is a technical 2uestion. Cell padding is used for formatting purpose. It is used

to specify the space needed between the edges of the cells and also in the cell

contents. Cell spacing is also used formatting purpose but there is a chief

di-erence between cell padding and cell spacing. Cell padding is used to set

e(tra space which is used to separate cell walls from their contents. But in

contrast cell spacing is used to set space between cells.

What tags are used to embed one htm page inside anotherhtm page

tag used for this purpose.

Intermediate Level:

Difference between D$% and SpanIn HTML +including )HTML, the span and di elements are used where parts of a

document cannot be semantically described by other HTML elements. Some

di-erences are

• :di> tags are block elements that allow you to position elements

contained within them, :span> tags are DT block elements.

•

:di> tags create line breaks, :span> tags do not.

• 6IE is used to select a block of te(t so that one can apply styles to it.

SF" is used to select inline te(t and let users to apply styles to it.



The main di-erence between 6IE and SF" is SF" does not do formatting by

itself. "lso the 6IE tag is used as a paragraph break as it creates a logical

diision of the document in which it is applied. This is in contrast to the SF" as

SF" simply dos the functionality of applying the style and alignment whateer

was speci%ed in it. 6IE has "LI8 attribute in it which is not present in case of

SF". Thus 6IE is used in cases where one wants to apply styles to a block of

te(t. But there may be situations in which there might not be clear well

structured block of te(t to work with. In those cases one can opt to apply SF"

which is used to applystyles inline. That is in other words 6IE is generally used

for block of te(t and SF" is generally used for words or sentences.

$s CSS case sensiti&e?o , CSS is not case sensitie. Some conditions its depends on your 6DCT@F*.

Like If your page uses an )ML declaration and an )HTML 6DCT@F* then the CSS

selectors will be case4sensitie for some browsers, if your page uses a HTML

6DCT@F* then your CSS selectors will be case4insensitie.

What is $D seector?

I6 selectors are used when you want to de%ne a style relating to an obGect with

a uni2ue I6. I6 is speci%ed by including a number sign +< before the selectorname.

<di

color<-f=

Difference between $D and cass.

Both id and class are CSS properties and HTML attributes. when we are

layouting a web pages some basic elements like h/, p, ul, span also helpful for

us but this set of tags doesn$t coer eery possible type of page element or

layout choice. Jor this we need I6$s and Classes.

The main di-erence between id$s and class are that I6 is a uni2ue and therefore

can only e(ist only one time in a single html %le and on other side CL"SS can be



use multiple times on any html elements. id$s designated by a hash +< and

Class designated by a period +.. I6 selector will always take more superiority

oer any con#icting styles declared in the class selector.

Why use di& based ayout instead tabe based ayout.!hen we start deeloping a static website we hae two options for layouts. Dne

is CSS based layout and another is table based. more about table based

layout…..

What is the w'c?

w5c stands for !orld !ide !eb Consortium. w5c is the main international

standards organi9ation for the !orld !ide !eb +www Jounded and headed by

Sir Tim Berners4Lee. w5c is working to Standardi9e the !eb and make the web

accessible to all users. !5C was created in /KK1 as a collaboration between the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology +MIT and the *uropean Drgani9ation for

uclear esearch +C*, with support from the .S. 6efense "danced

esearch FroGect "gency +6"F" and the *uropean Commission.

Difference between $nine and boc( e&e eements.

*ery HTML page is built out of a series of elements and these elements are

naturally displayed in following ways

• block +displayblock=

• Inline +displayinline=

• ot display +displaynone=

Block4leel elements always appear on their own line in the document.It createslarge blocks of content. " block4display element will span the full width of the

space aailable to it. They start new lines of te(t when you use them, and can

contain other blocks as well as inline elements and te(t or data. some block

leel elements are

http://www.design2core.com/myblog/css/div-based-layout-vs-table-based-layout/






di, h/NhO, p, ul, ol, table, tr, td, block2uote.

Inline elements appear within an e(isting line in the document. they are only as

wide as the content they contain and don$t break the #ow. They Gust %t in with

the #ow of the document. Because of this, the some of the properties cannot be

set on inline elements like height, width, padding4top, padding bottom, margin4

top, margin4bottom. some inline leel elements are i, b, a href, em, strong.

What are pseudo)eements?

In CSS pseudo4elements are used to add special e-ects to some selectors.

selectorpseudo4element propertyalue=

e(. F%rst4line color<-0000= font4weight bold=

these are four type

&%rst4line' and &%rst4letter'

These two pseudo4element selectors are based on traditional typesetting, where

the %rst letter or the %rst line of te(t appears di-erent to all other te(t on a

page.

&before' and &after'

These two pseudo4element selectors are used to insert generated content either

before or after an element on the page.

What is shorthand property?

Main adantages of using CSS is the large reduction in web page download time.

!riting mulitple declarations and alues in a single line of CSS code called CSS

Shorthand Techni2ue. more about CSS shorthand roerty..

Exert Level

What is DTD?

The 6T6+ document Type 6eclaration tells the browser which ersion of

+)HTML you$re using, so it will know how to display the page. The doctype

declaration refers to a 6ocument Type 6e%nition +6T6. more about !"!…

What shoud you put in at te*t for presentationa images?

http://www.design2core.com/myblog/css/css-shorthand-techniques-very-useful/

http://www.design2core.com/myblog/web-standard/document-type-declaration/

http://www.design2core.com/myblog/css/css-shorthand-techniques-very-useful/

http://www.design2core.com/myblog/web-standard/document-type-declaration/



"LT tags proide a te(t alternatie to an image for non4isual browsers when

they come across images. This means, that the te(t is meant to be used when

the image is not isible on the page. Instead, what is displayed +or read is the

alternatie te(t.

What"s inheritance?

Inheritance is where speci%c CSS properties are passed down to descendant

elements.

+*pain ,racefu degradation?

In general terms 8raceful degradation is the property that enables a system

+often computer4based to continue operating properly in the eent of the failure

of +or one or more faults within some of its components.

In web design &8raceful 6egradation' is an important principle. 8raceful

degradation focuses on building the website for the most adanced?capable

browsers means when you put in features designed to take adantage of the

latest and greatest features of newer browsers, you should do it in a way that

older browsers, and browsers letting users disable particular features, can &step

down' to a method that still allows access to the basic content of the site,

though perhaps not as sna99y in appearance. more about #race$uldegradation…

Why shoudn"t $ use fi*ed si-ed fonts ?

Because we are working for web rather than printing. @ou can put a maga9ine,

newspaper closer to your eyes but not a monitor. So if someone is sort of sight

or hae ision problem then it could be a problem to read on web. "nd a

information which cannot be read becomes a product without purpose.

+*pain rogressi&e +nhancement?

Frogressie enhancement is a strategy for web design that emphasi9es

accessibility, semantic markup, and e(ternal stylesheet and scripting

technologies. Frogressie enhancement uses web technologies in a layered

fashion that allows eeryone to access the basic content and functionality of a

http://webtips.dan.info/graceful.html






web page, using any browser or Internet connection, while also proiding those

with better bandwidth or more adanced browser software an enhanced ersion

of the page. more about %rogressive Enhancement…

What is parent)chid seector?Farent4child selector is a selector representing the direct descendant of a parent

element. Farent4child selectors are created by listing two or more tilde +P

separated selectors.

body P F color<000000= background4color<CCCCCC=

What are CSS hac(s and what are they used for?

CSS hack is a slight modi%cation to the CSS or HTML code deeloped to works in

an indiidual or many browser.

I hope these 2uestion and answers helps you to prepare for technical interiew.

or you can send me or comments here about any of the help or 2uestions you

want to ask or know.

"&% ' C&MM& I"E*+IE, -ES"I&S

/! /S,E*SBy Ana Antunes Da Silva

First and foremost, congratulations if you have an interview! That in itself is commendable, so

now you just want to make sure you come across in the best ossible light " have been asked

numerous times what to do in rearation for interviews #hile there is no way of redicting

e$actly what you will be asked, here are %& common 'uestions that tend to come u This is by

no means an e$haustive list The urose is to illustrate the imortance of rearation and

refreshing your memory regarding secific rojects and situations

1. Tell me about yourself.

This is robably the most asked 'uestion in an interview "t breaks the ice and gets you to talk

about something you should be fairly comfortable with (ave something reared that doesn)t

sound rehearsed "t)s not about you telling your life story and 'uite frankly, the interviewer just

isn)t interested *nless asked to do so, stick to your education, career and current situation #ork

through it chronologically from the furthest back to the resent

http://www.alistapart.com/articles/understandingprogressiveenhancement/

http://www.alistapart.com/articles/understandingprogressiveenhancement/



2. Why are you looking for another job (or why did you leave your previous job)?

+n the surface, this aears to be a simle 'uestion, yet it is easy to sli " would suggest not

mentioning money at this stage as you may come across as totally mercenary "f you are

currently emloyed, you can say it)s about develoing your career and yourself as an individual

"f you are in the unfortunate osition of having been downsied, stay ositive and kee it brief "f

you were fired, you should have a solid e$lanation whatever your circumstances, do not talk

about the drama but remember to stay ositive

. What do you know about this organi!ation?

Do your homework rior to the interview Doing the background work will hel you stand out

Find out who the main layers are - have they been in the news recently. /ou)re not e$ected

to know every date and individual but you need to have a solid understanding of the comany as

a whole

". Why do you want this job?

This 'uestion tyically follows on from the revious one (ere is where your research will come

in handy /ou may want to say that you want to work for a comany that is $, y, , 0market

leader, innovator, rovides a vital service, whatever it may be1 2ut some thought into this

beforehand, be secific and link the comany)s values and mission statement to your own goals

and career lans

#. Who are our main $ompetitors?

This shows you really understand the industry and the main layers Think about a few and say

how you think they comare 0similarities, differences1 This is a good oortunity to highlight

what you think are the comany)s key strengths

%. What would your previous $o&workers say about you?

This is not the arena for full disclosure /ou want to stay ositive and add a few secific

statements or arahrase Something like 34oe Blogs always mentioned how reliable and hard

working " was5 is enough

'. ow do you handle stressful situations and working under pressure?

There are several ways of addressing this one /ou may be the sort of erson that works well

under ressure6 you may even thrive under ressure #hatever the case, make sure you don)t say

you anic /ou want to give secific e$amles of stressful situations and how well you dealt withthem /ou may also want to list a few tools you use to hel you, such as to7do lists, etc "t is

alright to say that you will ask for assistance when the job is more than what you can handle "t is

e'ually accetable to say that you work best under ressure if this is indeed the case and relevant

to the articular role



. *re you applying for other jobs?

"f you are serious about changing jobs then it is likely that you are alying to other ositions "t

is also a way of showing that you are in demand Be honest but don)t go into too much detail6

you don)t want to send a great deal of time on this "f asked about names of who you have

soken to, it is absolutely legitimate to say you refer not to disclose that information at this

stage

+. What are you like working in a team?

/our answer is of course that you are an e$cellent team layer6 there really is no other valid

answer here as you will not function in an organiation as a loner /ou may want to mention

what tye of role you tend to adot in a team, esecially if you want to emhasie key skills such

as leadershi Be reared to give secific e$amles in a very matter of fact sort of way

1,. What sort of person do you not like to work with?

This is not an easy one as you have no idea whom you would be working with 8ven if you can

immediately think of a long list of eole who you don)t like to work with, you could take some

time to think and say that it)s a difficult 'uestion as you have always gotten on fine with your

colleagues

11. What is your greatest strength?

This is your time to shine 4ust remember the interviewer is looking for work related strengths

9ention a number of them such as being a good motivator, roblem solver, erforming well

under ressure, loyal, ositive attitude, eager to learn, taking the initiative, attention to detail

#hichever you go for, be reared to give e$amles that illustrate this articular skill

12. What is your biggest weakness?

This is a challenging 'uestion - as if you have no weaknesses you are obviously lying! Be

realistic and mention a small work related flaw 9any eole will suggest answering this using a

ositive trait disguised as a flaw such as 3")m a erfectionist5 or 3" e$ect others to be as

committed as " am5 " would advocate a certain degree of honesty and list a true weakness

8mhasie what you)ve done to overcome it and imrove This 'uestion is all about how you

erceive and evaluate yourself

1. What has been your biggest professional disappointment-a$hievement so far?

"f asked about disaointments, mention something that was beyond your control Stay ositive by showing how you acceted the situation and have no lingering negative feelings "f asked

about your greatest achievement, choose an e$amle that was imortant to you as well as the

comany Secify what you did, how you did it and what the results were "deally, ick an

e$amle that can relate to the ositions you are alying for



1". What kind of de$isions do you find most diffi$ult to take?

There is no right or wrong answer here The logic behind this tye of 'uestion is that your ast

behaviour is likely to redict what you will do in the future #hat the interviewer is looking for

is to understand what you find difficult

1#. Tell me about a suggestion that you have made that has been su$$essfully implemented.

(ere the emhasis is on the imlemented /ou may have had many brilliant ideas, but what the

interviewer is looking for is something that has actually materialied Be reared to briefly

describe how it went from an idea to imlementation stage

1%. ave you ever had to bend the rules in order to a$hieve a goal?

Beware of this tye of 'uestion! *nder no circumstances is it necessary to break comany olicy

to achieve something :esist the temtation to answer and give e$amles, as what the

interviewer is looking for is to determine how ethical you are and if you will remain true to

comany olicy

1'. *re you willing to travel or relo$ate if ne$essary?

This is something you need to have very clear in your mind rior to the meeting There is no

oint in saying yes just to get the job if the real answer is actually no 4ust be honest as this can

save you roblems arising in the future

1. Why should we hire you?

This is an imortant 'uestion that you will need to answer carefully "t is your chance to stand

out and draw attention to your skills, esecially those that haven)t already been addressed

Saying 3because " need a job5 or 3")m really good5 just won)t cut it Don)t seculate about othercandidates and their ossible strengths or flaws 9ake sure you focus on you 8$lain why you

make a good emloyee, why you are a good fit for the job and the comany and what you can

offer ;ee it succinct and highlight your achievements

1+. egarding salary/ what are your e0pe$tations?

This 'uestion is always a tricky one and a dangerous game to lay in an interview "t is a

common mistake to discuss salary before you have sold yourself, and like in any negotiation,

knowledge is ower Do your homework and make sure you have an idea of what this job is

offering /ou can try asking them about the salary range "f you want to avoid the 'uestion

altogether, you could say that at the moment, you are looking to advance in your career andmoney isn)t your main motivator "f you do have a secific figure in mind and you are confident

you can get it, then it may be worth going for it

2,. o you have any uestions for us?

This one tends to come u every time (ave some 'uestions reared This will show you have

done some research and are eager to know and learn as much as ossible /ou robably don)t



want to ask more than three or four 'uestions Try and use 'uestions that focus on you becoming

an asset to the comany A generic 'uestion might be 3how soon can " start if " were to get the

job5 Another idea is to ask what you would be working on and how 'uickly they e$ect you to

be able to be roductive :emember to ask about ne$t stes and when you can e$ect to hear

back

Bare in mind that the interview starts from the minute you walk into the building until you leave

and are out of sight Don)t think that just because you have left the meeting room, you are 3off

the hook5 /ou need to maintain an image of confidence, enthusiasm, cometence, reliability and

rofessionalism throughout

4 See more at http??www.carolangroup.com?news4and4resources?top4304common4

interiew42uestions4and4answers?<sthash.uSC6D1(f.dpuf

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What is CSS or What You Mean by CSS