Logos of some famous cryptocurrencies

blockchain, originally block chain, is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography.Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, atimestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as aMerkle tree).

By design, a blockchain is resistant to modification of its data. Thisis because once recorded, the data in any given block cannot bealtered retroactively without alteration of all subsequent blocks.For use as a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically managedby a peer-to-peer network collectively adhering to a protocol forinter-node communication and validating new blocks. Althoughblockchain records are not unalterable, blockchains may beconsidered secure by design and exemplify a distributedcomputing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. Theblockchain has been described as "an open, distributed ledger thatcan record transactions between two parties efficiently and in averifiable and permanent way".

WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN?

वृतांत...Editorial Board

Contents

Dr. Atul PatelDean & Principal

Dr. Dharmendra PatelMember

Dr. Sanskruti PatelMember

Dr. Mittal DesaiMember

Theme ArticleArticle from StudentEvents OrganizedFaculty's AchievementsStudent's AchievementsCampus News

A

The blockchain was invented by a person (or group of people) using the name SatoshiNakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public transaction ledger of the cryptocurrency bitcoin.The identity of Satoshi Nakamoto remains unknown to date. The invention of theblockchain for bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spendingproblem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has Satoshi Nakamoto

inspired other applications and blockchains that are readable by the public and are widely used bycryptocurrencies. The blockchain is considered a type of payment rail. Private blockchains have beenproposed for business use but Computerworld called the marketing of such privatized blockchainswithout a proper security model "snake oil".

Cryptographer David Chaum firstproposed a blockchain-like protocol in his1982 dissertation "Computer SystemsEstablished, Maintained, and Trusted byMutually Suspicious Groups." Furtherwork on a cryptographically securedchain of blocks was described in 1991 byStuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta.They wanted to implement a systemwhere document timestamps could not be tampered with it. (Source: Wikipedia)

Prof. Nilam DesaiMember

Prof. Arpit TrivediMember

Dr. Sohil D. PandyaMember

010304050506

APPLICATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN

T

http://bit.ly/38KQqu7

http://bit.ly/2WQPGyn

http://bit.ly/2MhwgR5

http://bit.ly/2KMufMd

http://bit.ly/2WUhTnG

@blockchain@TheBAFNetwork@blockchainRI@ItsBlockchain@app_blockchain

https://youtu.be/SSo_EIwHSd4https://youtu.be/aQWflNQuP_ohttps://youtu.be/3xGLc-zz9cAhttps://youtu.be/k53LUZxUF50https://youtu.be/8fbhI1qVj0c

here are n-number of applications ofblockchain in current and future world. Its ap-

plications ranges from cryptocurrencies tohealthcare, privacy management to land-records,auctions to banking, and many more. Let's seesome of them in brief, other than cryptocurrencies:

The term ‘smart contract’ was first coined in 1993,but it’s recently become a buzzworthy term thanksto the 2013 release of the Ethereum Project. TheProject “is a decentralized platform that runssmart contracts: applications that run exactly asprogrammed without any possibility of downtime,censorship, fraud or third party interference.”

Chris DeRose further explains on American Bankerthat ‘smart contracts’ are “self-automatedcomputer programs that can carry out the termsof any contract.” In essence, “it is a financialsecurity held in escrow by a network that is routedto recipients based on future events, and computercode.” Businesses will be able to use ‘smartcontracts’ to bypass regulations and “lower thecosts for a subset of our most common financialtransactions.” Best of all? These contracts will beunbreakable.

SMART CONTRACT

CLOUD STORAGECloud storage will be another application thatbusinesses can take advantage of. Storj, which atthe time of this article is still in beta-testing, is onesuch company that’s offering secure cloud storagewhile decreasing dependency. Storj founder ShawnWilkinson told VentureBeat that “Simply usingexcess hard drive space, users could store thetraditional cloud 300 times over,” much like howyou can rent out your home or room on Airbnb.

BitShares, a globally distributed database, states“Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) is the fastest,most efficient, most decentralized, and mostflexible consensus model available.” BitShares goeson to state:

“DPOS leverages the power of stakeholderapproval voting to resolve consensus issues in afair and democratic way. All network parameters,from fee schedules to block intervals andtransaction sizes, can be tuned via electeddelegates. Deterministic selection of blockproducers allows transactions to be confirmed inan average of just 1 second. Perhaps mostimportantly, the consensus protocol is designed toprotect all participants against unwantedregulatory interference.”

The future of blockchain will be growing in thecoming years. Over the past six months I've filedover 6 patents in this space. To my surprise therehad been over 1200 patents files with blockchainas a part. It's only going to gro

ELECTRONIC VOTING

HEALTH RECORDSThe good news is the medical sector has alreadybeen moving away from paper for recordkeepingpurposes for years. However, blockchain offerseven more safety and convenience. In addition tostoring patient records, the patient, who possessesthe key to access these digital records, would be incontrol of who gains access to that data. It wouldbe a means of strengthening the HIPAA laws thatare designed to protect patient privacy.

(Source: Economist)

Btransparency, and decentralization. Looking intothe Security aspect of it, Digital Signatures comesinto picture. A Digital Signature is theMathematical Scheme for representing theauthenticity of digital messages and Documents.Adhering to the 4 rules of Cryptography – DataConfidentiality, Data Integrity, Authentication,Non-repudiation, Digital Signature Ensures at mostsecurity to the digital messages and documents.

Digital Signatures have their basis as AsymmetricCryptography i.e. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) orPublic Key Cryptography. PKI uses a public keywhich is available to everyone and a private keywhich is available only to the user i.e. it is keptsecret, to encrypt and decrypt the data. The publickey is like the E-mail ID that anyone can have andthe private key is like the Password of your E-MailAccount which is secret, the mails, documents, etc.related to the account can only be seen by you orusers having your password.

How is it used in Digital Signature? PKI hasalgorithms that allows encryption, decryption,signing as well as verifying the messages using thepair of keys (Private and Public Keys). There aretwo steps involved in this, first is signing theMessage with the Private key and the second onebeing Verifying the message with the Public key.Daily life example can be that, first step is signinga check and second is the signed check beingverified by the bank authorities, only if thesignature is valid, the check is issued.

Here to create the Digital Signature, the signingsoftware creates a one-way hash of the electronicdata to be signed. The generated hash is thenencrypted using the private key. Hence, theencrypted hash with the hashing information suchas hashing algorithm is known as the digitalsignature. We must note here that only the Hash isbeing Encrypted with the Private key not theentire message or document. The Latter part ofprocess is to verify the message with the publickey. To verify something, we shall have an originalthing as well as the copy of it, so here first wegenerate the hash i.e. compute the hash anddecrypt the hash from the message received withthe public key. If the generated hash matches withthe decrypted hash, the message’s integrity as wellas authenticity is verified. This means that theData is not tampered.

The digital Signature uses few other algorithmssuch as RSA, DSA, etc. which have different levelsof security. These can be used in different sectorsfor eg. Browsers which need to establish a secureconnection over an insecure network. Digitalsignatures.

https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/asymmetric-cryptographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signaturehttps://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cryptography-introductionhttps://hackernoon.com/blockchain-technology-explained-introduction-meaning-and-applications-edbd6759a2b2

1.

2.

3.

4.

ARTICLE FROM STUDENT - DIGITAL SIGNATURE

lockchain is the data structure that holdstransactional records while ensuring security,

REFERENCES:

Ms. Bulbul Parekh is a student of M. Sc.(IT) at CMPICA, CHARUSAT, Changa.She is passionate about reading trends inScience & Technology.

EVENTS ORGANIZED @ CMPICA

AWARENESS PROGRAMS FORTRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY

Expert Session on "Multi-threading and itsApplications in Java" by Dr. Narayan Joshi,Professor, DDU, Nadiad Oct. 14, 2020.

Expert Session on "Applications ofMathematics in Computer Field" by Dr. N. B.Desai, Asso. Professor, ADIT, New VallabhVidyanagar on Oct. 24, 2020.

Expert Session on "Mean StackDevelopment" by Prof. Mubina Malik,Asst. Professor, CMPICA, CHARUSAT,Changa, on Nov. 09, 2020.

CAREER GUIDANCEWebinar on "Idea Generation" by Dr.Shailesh Khant and Prof. Mittal Desai ,Asst. Professor, CMPICA, CHARUSAT,Changa on Nov. 07, 2020.

WORKSHOPGUJCOST sponsored Workshop on"Internet of Things (IoT): Tools andTechnologies" coordinated by Dr. SanskrutiPatel and Prof. Rachana Patel during Dec. 21 to 25, 2020.

CONFERENCE2020 2nd International Conference onSoft Computing and its EngineeringApplications (icSoftComp2020) wasorganized during Dec. 11-12, 2020. Thetheme of the conference was "SoftComputing Techniques for SustainableDevelopment"

The conference was technically sponsored bySpringer, USA and financially co-sponsoredby Department of Science & Technology(DST) and GUJCOST, Govt. of Gujarat. Allthe selected and presented papers, from theresearchers from 15 countries, will bepublished in Springer's Communications inComputer and Information Sciences (CCIS)Series (ISSN: 1865-0929).

The workshop was approved and fundedwith Rs. 15,000/- by GUJCOST, Govt. ofGujarat and 43 participants have attended.Various experts from IITs, NITs andIndustry have shared and provided hands-on sessions to the participants.

0 1 2 3 4

Research Papers

Book/Book Chapters

Conference Presentation

Magazine Articles

0 1 2 3 4 5

FDP

Workshops

Conferences

Webinars

Online Courses

Internships

STTP

Dr. Dharmendra Patel has served as a Member, Technical Program Committee,2nd International Conference on Soft Computing and its Engineering Applications(icSoftCom2020)

FACULTY'S ACHIEVEMENTS

Dr. Atul Patel, Principal & Dean, CMPICAhas been awarded as "Best Researcher inArtificial Intelligence and MachineLearning" by AMP on December 27, 2020.

PUBLICATIONS

EVENT PARTICIPATION

Prof. Mittal Desai has completedher Ph. D. (Computer Science) inDec. 2020. Her title of research was "An Expert System forClassifying Lower Back Pain usingAdvanced Kernel in SVM".

Mr. Rishabh Joshi cleared NCC "B" Certificateexam and secured "A" Grade in October 2020.

STUDENT'S ACHIEVEMENTS

Mr. Rishabh Joshi was selected and attended Pre-RDC Camp 2020 under West-Zone Pre-RDC 2020(National) at Hyderabad, Telangana duringNovember 20 to 29, 2020.

Mr. Dhairya Patel has presented a papertitled "A Fingerprint based Voting Machine" at International Virtual Conference on Smart Advanced Material Sciences and Engineering Applications in December 2020 organized by K L University, Guntur.

Dr. Sanskruti Patel has served as a Resource Person, FDP on Role of ArtificialIntelligence in E-Content Development, at UGC HRDC, SPU, VV Nagar on Nov. 12, 2020.

I must acknowledge the fact that the teaching was flawless and extremely interactive. Ifelt as if I was taught one to one. My questions and doubts were always welcomed andhighly appreciated. This has raised my bar of knowledge quite significantly. The best partbeing, that I was introduced to the practical and logical aspects of all the subjects thatwere addressing the real world problems.

Gateway Corporation (04)OpenXcelInc (01)TatvaSoft (01)Primawera (01)Synoverge (01)Harikrupa Automation (01)Hyperlink Infosystem (01)Loadstone Software (12)BizTech Consultancy (04)CyberomCreation (02)Simcon (02)

Shripati VijayraghavanTY BCA

Bulbul ParekhM. Sc. (IT)

Aarsh ModiSY MCA

This sole quote was the motivation for me throughout the Virtual Semester. Having a Non- ITbackground, the Virtual Environment bagged me a lot of time to improve upon the concepts ofthis field. Professors and classmates have never made me feel like an outsider, rather theyencouraged every single question that I had and every small doubt was solved irrespective ofhow silly it seemed. I can truly feel here that I am on a journey of learning.

Being the tech enthusiast I am, I decided to get myself enrolled in CHARUSAT university. I hadvery limited opportunity to pursue Computer Science since I come from a commercebackground. I had almost given up on my dreams. Throughout the years, I could say that all thefacilities are off the roof and the faculties have been a great support to all of us. Thanks toCMPICA, my hopes and aspirations are still alive.

I and my batch mates got an opportunity to attend Ignite Tech Fest organized by CMPICAevery year. I still remember the day when it was 14th Feb 2019 and it was my first timevisiting University with a large campus. As soon as my BCA got completed in April 2019. I gotadmission to my dream college CMPICA. As new students, we had an orientation ceremony for10 days. where we get the introduction of faculties and our seniors.

10th Convocation ceremony is going to beorganized on January 09, 2020 at CHARUSAT,Campus. Shri. Harish Mehta, Founder &Executive Chairman has consented to be theChief Guest of the function.Online teaching and learning process for Evensemesters (2020-21) for all courses will beginfrom January 07, 2021.The most awaited annual tech-fest Ignite 2021will be organized in February 2021.

STUDENT'S BYTES

Smit ParikhB. Sc. (IT)

CAMPUS NEWS

UPCOMING EVENTS

WELCOMECHARUSAT Family welcomes a newmember, Dr. Sohil D. Pandya atCMPICA. He has 16 years of academicand research experience. His interesteddomains are data mining and IoT.

PLACEMENTS