• What is an atom? What are atoms composed or made of? Give some examples of what atoms are. Please use complete sentences.

•Bellwork

MS-PS1-1. Develop models to

describe the atomic

composition of simple

molecules and extended

structures.

•Next Generation Science

Standards

•Objectives

Language Objectives:•Define vocabulary atom,

protons, neutrons, electrons,

nucleus, electron cloud, atomic

number, average atomic mass,

and isotopes

•Orally state the correct way to

find the number of protons,

electrons, and neutrons.

Content Objectives:•Identify atoms and its subatomic

particles.

•Calculate accurately to find the

number of protons, electrons, and

neutrons.

•Identify the locations of each

subatomic particles.

The Atom

• Atom: the smallest unit of matter.

• Proton: a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom.

• Neutron: a subatomic particle that has no charge and is located in the nucleus of an atom.

• Electron: a subatomic particle that has a negative charge.

• Nucleus: in physical science, an atom’s central region.

• Electron Cloud: a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.

• This should go into your dictionary

•Vocabulary

• Atomic Number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; it is the same for all atoms of an element.

• Average Atomic Mass: the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

• Isotopes: atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

• This should go into your dictionary

•Vocabulary

•Let me tell you a story

•Now Let’s Sing

Atomic NumberTells you how many protons

and electrons the element

has.

Element Symbol

Atomic Mass# of protons + neutrons

Element Name

Note: The solid line is where you cut and the dotted line is where

you fold.

•Finding for subatomic particles.

tomic Number

rotons

lectrons

ass (round to the nearest whole #)

tomic #

eutrons

Has no charge.

Found in the nucleus.

Negatively

charged.

Found outside

the nucleus in

the electron

cloud.

Positively charged.

Found inside the nucleus.

Charge: Positive

(+)

Location: Inside

Nucleus

Mass: 1

Charge: No

charge. Neutral

Location: Inside

Nucleus

Mass: 1

Charge: Negative (-)

Location: Outside Nucleus

Mass: 1/1000 of protons and

neutrons

• The Nucleus Protons are positively charged

particles in the nucleus. Neutrons are the

particles of the nucleus that have no

electrical charge.

• Outside the Nucleus Electrons are the

negatively charged particles in atoms.

Electrons are found around the nucleus within

electron clouds. All the structures of the atom

can be seen on the next slide.

•What is an Atom made of?

•How small is an atom?

•Activity time:

•Paper cutting activityHow far did you get? Here are some comparisons to think about!

Cut 1 14.0 cm 5.5" Child's hand, pockets

Cut 2 7.0 cm 2.75" Fingers, ears, toes

Cut 3 3.5 cm 1.38" Watch, mushroom, eye

Cut 4 1.75 cm .69" Keyboard keys, rings, insects

Cut 6 .44 cm .17" Poppy seeds

Cut 8 1 mm .04" Thread. Congratulations if your still in!

Cut 10 .25 mm .01" Still cutting? Most have quit by now

Cut 12 .06 mm .002" Microscopic range, human hair

Cut 14 .015 mm .006" Width of paper, microchip components

Cut 18 1 micron .0004" Water purification openings, bacteria

Cut 19 .5 micron .000018" Visible light waves

Cut 24 .015 micron .0000006" Electron microscope range, membranes

Cut 31 .0001 micron .0000000045" The size of an Atom!

• Starting Simply The hydrogen atom has one

proton and one electron.

• Now for Some Neutrons The helium atom has

two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons.

• Building Bigger Atoms For bigger atoms,

simply add protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Protons and Atomic Number The number of

protons in the nucleus of an atom is the

atomic number of that atom. All atoms of an

element have the same atomic number.

•How Do Atoms of Different Elements Differ?

• First energy level can hold only 2 electrons.

• Second energy level can hold only 8 electrons.

• Third energy level can hold only 18 electrons.

• Fourth energy level can hold only 32 electrons.

• Fifth energy level can hold only 50 electrons.

• And so forth.

• Group 1: Silicon

• Group 2: Sodium

• Group 3: Aluminum

• Group 4: Magnesium

• Group 5: Sulfur

• Group 6: Phosphorus

•Energy Level

•Let’s look at Oxygen.

•Looking at the

periodic table, what is

it’s atomic number?

•How many protons?

Where are protons

found?

•How many neutrons?

Where are neutrons

found?

•How many

electrons? Where are

electrons found?

Nucleus

+ = -

+

+

+

+

+ + +

+

=

=

== =

===

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

• Isotopes: an atom that has the same number of protons (or the

same atomic number) as other

atoms of the same element do but

has a different number of neutrons

(and thus a different atomic mass)

•Defining Isotopes

Let’s ReviewAtoms

A nucleus electrons

protons

Atomic

number

Atomic

mass

Isotopes

• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom

•Let’s Build an Atom

•So did we….?

Language Objectives:•Define vocabulary atom,

protons, neutrons, electrons,

nucleus, electron cloud, atomic

number, average atomic mass,

and isotopes

•Orally state the correct way to

find the number of protons,

electrons, and neutrons.

Content Objectives:•Identify atoms and its subatomic

particles.

•Calculate accurately to find the

number of protons, electrons, and

neutrons.

•Identify the locations of each

subatomic particles.

The Periodic

Table

•Objectives

Language Objectives:•Define metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, elements, periodic

table, group, and periods.

•Using the sentence frame, give

an example of a metal,

nonmetal, and metalloid using

the periodic table: “An element

that is a metal is _____________.

An element that is a nonmetal is

_________________. An element

that is a metalloid is

_____________.”

Content Objectives:•Identify the properties of metals,

nonmetals, and metalloids.

•Differentiate the between groups

and period.

• Metal: an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well.

• Nonmetal: an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly.

• Metalloid: an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.

• Elements: a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces. It is the smallest unit of a compound.

• Group: a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; a group share chemical properties.

• Period: a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

• Periodic Table: an arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers. Similar properties fall in the same group.

• This should go into your dictionary

•Vocabulary

Atomic NumberTells you how many protons

and electrons the element

has.

Element Symbol

Atomic Mass# of protons + neutrons

Element Name

Let’s Review

Using the periodic table, identify the elements that are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Use different color to tell them apart.

Copper:

electrical wire.

Gold: jewelry

Sodium:

medicine,

agriculture

Oxygen:

supports life

Chlorine: water

purification

Helium: balloons

Boron: heat

resistant alloy

Silicon: glass,

semi-conductors

Arsenic: poison

• Luster: how light reflects off surface (shiny).

• Ductile: can be pulled into wire.

• Malleable: can be pressed into sheets.

• Good conductor of heat and electricity.

• Mostly solid at room temperature.

• Brittle: can

break very

easily.

• Poor conductor

of heat and

electricity.

• Mostly gas at

room

temperature.

• Have physical

properties of

both.

• Found on the

zig-zag

line/stairs.

• “Boron the

Moron” is at

the top of the

zig zag line.

Groups or families

18 groups

They have the same # of

valence electrons and have

similar properties.

Groups 1 and 17 are highly

reactive because they either

want to give or receive 1

valence electron.

Elements within the

same period have the

same number of

energy levels or

electron shells.

Periods

7 periods

Behind this picture

should have the

following

information:

• Russian

scientist who

created the

period table

which

organized

elements by

the atomic

mass and

similar

properties.

Behind this picture

should have the

following

information:

• Basic substance

on Earth that

cannot be

broken down

into any other

substance.

• Represented by a

symbol and a

number.

• Example: O

(oxygen)

Behind this picture should have the

following information:

• Formed by chemically

combining two or more

elements to form a new

substance.

• Example Na (Sodium) + Cl

(Chlorine) = NaCl (salt).

Behind this picture should have the

following information:

• Count the CAPITAL letters.

• Example H2O

• There is 2 elements present in

water.

•ELEMENT BINGO

•Design Your Element Shirt

• Your Shirt must have the following information:

• Atomic Symbol

• Atomic Mass

• Atomic Number

• Element Name

• Determine whether it is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid

• One common use of the element you chose.

• A picture that represents the element.

• It must be Colorful and Creative

Compounds

and

Molecules

•Objectives

Language Objectives:•Define compound and molecules,

mixtures, pure substance, covalent

bond, ionic bond, ion, cation, anion.

•Using the following sentence frame,

distinguish between mixtures and

pure substances: “The difference

between pure substances and

mixture is that _______________ is

_______________, while ______________

is ____________.

Content Objectives:•Differentiate the between

compounds and molecules.

•Distinguish between pure

substances and mixtures.

• Molecule: a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces. It is the smallest unit of a compound.

• Compound: a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.

• Mixture: a combination of two ore more substances that are not chemically combined.

• Pure substance: a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties.

• Covalent Bond: a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

•Vocabulary

• Ionic Bond: the attractive force between

oppositely charged ions, which form when

electrons are transferred from one atom to

another.

• Ion: a charged particle that forms when

an atom or group of atoms gains or loses

one or more electron.

• Cation: positive ion; an atom or group of

atoms that lost one or more electrons.

• Anion: negative ion; an atom or group of

atoms that gains one or more electrons.

•How can matter be classified?

• Substances you encounter every day can be classified into one of the three major classes of matter: elements, compounds, and mixtures.

• Elements, compounds, and mixtures differ in the way atoms are combined.

•Compounds and Molecules

• A molecule are any atoms connected by chemical bonds. It is the smallest unit of a chemical compound. Example is oxygen (O2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen (H2)

• Every combination of atoms is a molecule.

• A compound is molecule made of atoms from different molecules. Example is water, table salt, and sugar.

• All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

•PHET: LET’S BUILD A MOLECULE

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-a-molecule

Atom

•An atom is the building block of matter.

element

•An element is made of one or more of the same kind of atom chemically combined.

compound

•A compound is made up of different atoms chemically combined. Compounds have different properties from the elements that make them up.

mixture

•A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined with each other.

• In your group, come up with a mnemonic device to remember the order of classification of matter.

• AtomsElementsCompoundsMixtures

• Example of a mnemonic device:

• My Very Educated Mother Just Showed Us Nine Planets.

• This is mnemonic device used to remember the planets in order.

• Now you try.

• Be prepared to share

Atoms elements compound mixture

SO REMEMBER THAT:

• Elements and compounds are pure substances.

• It is a substance that has definite physical and chemical properties such as appearance, melting point, and reactivity.

• No matter the amount of pure substance you have it will always have the same properties.

• Pure substances are made up of one type of particle.

•What are pure substances?

Pure Substances

Elements Compounds

• Gold

• Oxygen

• Silver

• Tin

• Nitrogen

• Water

• Diamonds

• Salt

• Glucose

• Vinegar

• It is a combination of two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically.

• Example: you roll a dough, add tomato sauce, and sprinkle some cheese on top. Then you add green peppers, mushrooms, and pepperoni. What have you just made? A pizza, of course! But that’s not all. You have also created a mixture.

• It is a mixture when two ore more materials are put together and they do not change chemically to form a new substance.

• Mixtures contain more the than one type of substance.

•What are mixtures

• In your group, discuss mixtures and give some examples of mixtures aside from pizza.

• Remember that mixtures are substances that are combined physically and not chemically.

• This means that if you put them all together, they do not form a new substance.

• Come up with at least two examples of mixtures

• Be prepared to share using the sentence frame:

• “One example of a mixture is _________ because ____________. Another example our group came up with is ______________ because ________________.”

• Example: If you don’t mushrooms on your pizza, just pick them off.

• Not all mixtures are easy to separate.

• You can’t take out the salt in salt water mixture.

• In order to separate salt from the water, you have to wait until the water evaporates.

•Mixtures Can Be Separated by

Physical Changes

• It is clear that something is a mixture when you can see different substances in it.

• Example: a scoop of soil might contain dirt, rocks, leaves, and even insects. This is a mixture because it can be separated and they are not chemically combined but physically.

• The soil example is an example of a heterogenous mixture.

• Heterogenous mixture is one that does not have a uniform composition.

• If you add sugar to a cup of water, the sugar dissolves. Each part of the sugar-water mixture has the same sweet taste.

• This is an example of a homogenous mixture.

• Homogenous mixture is something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout.

•How can mixtures be classified?

• Pick who is A and who is B.

• A will speak first. B will stand in their listening position.

• When I say “GO” only A should be speaking.

• When I say switch, A should be in their listening position.

• When I say “GO” only B should be speaking.

• Person A:“One example of a homogenous mixture is _________ because ____________.”

• Person B:“One example of a heterogenous mixture is _________ because ____________.”

•A & B Conversation

•Heterogenous or Homogenous

Mixture?

Using the following sentence frame,

distinguish between mixtures and pure

substances: “The difference between pure

substances and mixture is that

_______________ is _______________, while

______________ is ____________.