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What is Alcohol? Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented.
Fermentation- a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars found in food into alcohol.
How Does It Affect Us?When people drink alcohol, its absorbed into their bloodstream, it affects the CNS (Brain and Spinal Cord), which controls all body functions.
What Type of Drug is It?Alcohol is a depressant.
Depressant- A drug that slows down the body’s functions and reactions.
Alcohol blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain. This alters a persons perceptions, emotions, movement, vision, and hearing.
Intoxication- The state of being intoxicated or drunk due to large amounts of alcohol. Mental/Physical abilities are impaired
Binge Drinking- consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short period of time (2 hours)
4 drinks for women
5 drinks for men
Alcohol poisoning- dangerous condition that results when a person drinks excessive amount of alcohol over a short period of time.
Violent vomiting Difficulty breathing
Extreme sleepiness Low blood sugar
Unconsciousness Seizures
How can you tell If someone has Alcohol Poisoning? Unconscious or semi-consciousness
Slow respiration (breaths) of eight or less per minute
Cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin
If this happens, call 911 Turn on their side Wait for help to arrive
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) – measure of the amount of alcohol present in a person’s blood
.02% makes people feel light headed
.08% enough to make it dangerous to drive (legally intoxicated)
Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample
ALCOHOL USE AND TEENS
Research has shown that alcohol use can interfere with long and short term growth
Can harm the brains ability to learn and ability to remember
Increases the risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thoughts and violence
Consequences include being arrested, fined or sent to a youth detention
1/3 of all teen traffic deaths are related to alcohol
According to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol.
WHAT’S IN A DRINK?
4oz 12oz 1oz
They all HAVE THE SAME AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL!!!!
the concentration of alcohol in a beverage is the proof value Proof value = 2X percentage alcohol. E.g. 100 proof (whiskey) contains 50% alcohol
FACTORS THAT AFFECT ALCOHOL ABSORPTION
1. Strength of the beverage
2. Number of drinks consumed
3. Speed of consumption
4. What you are mixing it with
5. Presence of food in stomach
6. Gender and body size
7. Physical tolerance
8. Body chemistry / General health
9. Combining with other drugs
LONG TERM PHYSICAL EFFECTS
Mouth: Increases mouth and throat cancer
Stomach: Irritates lining and increase acid causing swelling and ulcers which lead to bleeding. Weakens the valve from stomach to esophagus causing heartburn
Liver: If alcohol is frequently in blood, liver cells die causing
Fatty Liver fat builds up in liver and cannot be broken down
Cirrhosis- disease characterized by scarring and eventual destruction of liver
Brain: Disrupts parts of brain responsible for memory and problem solving…unlike many other kinds of cells, brain cells do NOT grow back
Heart: Damages heart muscle, causing it to weaken and enlarge which leads to high BP. Increasing risk of congestive heart failure and stroke
Normal Normal healthy liverhealthy liver
Liver with Liver with cirrhosiscirrhosis
Perception and motor skills Fine motor skills, reaction time, speech
Should you drive?
Heart and blood vessels Increases blood pressure
Blood vessels expand = lose body heat
Sleepiness Alcohol is a depressant
Makes people tired
At first, not tired but might feel energized from loss of inhibitions
Feel warm but be careful in cold weather
Emotions are intensified Judgment is affected by alcohol
Results in poor decisions
Risk taking
Violence
Injuries
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE?