What international cooperation can offer for low-carbon and

climate-resilient Myanmar

Kotaro Kawamata Director, International Cooperation Office

Ministry of the Environment, Japan

2nd GEGG Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

November 13, 2012

Japan’s experience on Pollution

Four Major Pollution-related Diseases (1950s~1970s) (i) Minamata Disease (ii) Niigata Minamata Disease (iii) Itai-itai Disease (iv) Yokkaichi Asthma

Prevention are much less costly

Case of Minamata disease (USD / year)

Cost for pollution control $ 1.5 million

Total damage amount $156 million

Health damage $ 95 million Environmental pollution damage $ 53 million Fishery damage $ 8 million

(source: Global Environmental Economics Forum (1991) “Japan’s experience on environmental pollutions)

Emiss

ions

per

capi

ta

Time

Developed Countries High Energy

Locked-in Type Development

With High Damage on Economy and Natural System

Developing Countries Leapfrog

Development

Modeling Sustainable Clean and Low-Carbon Asia

“Asian Low-Carbon Society Scenario Development Study” FY2009-2013, funded by Global Environmental Research Program, MOEJ

4 http://2050.nies.go.jp/index.html

Green Growth Path

China/ASEAN？ ＊India？

＊

Long-term trends in energy intensity (energy/GDP)

Japan’s leap-frog in Oil Crisis

Possibility of Asian countries’ Leapfrog leveraged by Climate Change

– What kinds of mechanisms (international/national, market/non market) could facilitate leap-frogging to low carbon societies?

– How can we facilitate technological leap-frogging to promote low carbon development?

＊

＊

5

Opportunities for Asia to Leapfrog

Science based policy making is key!

National governments

East Asia Knowledge Platform for Low Carbon Growth Science-based policy-

making support , joint research, capacity building

Cities, local communities

Private enterprises

Low Carbon Asia Research Network

(LoCARNet)

Industrialised countries

Low-carbon infrastructure, transportation/3Rs system

Green investment Green industry/business

Int’l NGOs ICLEI, IGES

SEI

Tech transfer

National/

International financing

organizations

GEF World Bank

ADB

JICA AusAid KOICA USAID

GIZ

etc

International research

communities

APN SATREPS (JST/JICA) LCS-RNet

NIES IGES

GGGI

UNESCAP EU

CLEAN/LEDS

CDKN

ICSU IPCC

UNFCCC etc.

Financing agencies

Knowledge sharing in Asia

Reliable data, GHG inventories technology roadmap,

Integrated Assessment Model economic evaluation tools

7

Low Carbon Asia Research Network (LoCARNet)

Various co-benefits can be generated from Low Carbon Development

Asian countries face many problems • Air pollution, Water pollution and Waste • Flooding (future risks due to CC) • Super-aging, poverty eradication

Quantification of co-benefits is challenge • Transport co-benefits

Carbon emissions, air pollution, safety

Link of Low Carbon to Adaptation • Asia Pacific Adaptation Network

Importance of Co-benefits

Policies make Markets

Environment problem is caused by externalities Internalizing externalities by good policies

• Regulations (standards, monitoring…) • Economic instruments (tax, charge, trading…) • Informative measures (labeling, campaign…)

Governance • Central government; Local government • Enforcement & Compliance

Capacity Building • Blueprint for good environmental management (based on

National Sustainable Development Strategy 2009) • Donor coordination

Environmentally Sustainable Cities : ESC

Oct. 2008 1st EAS-EMM “ESC should be an immediate priority area”

East Asia Summit Environment Ministers Meeting (EAS-EMM)

HLS Date Venue Co-organisers 1st March, 2010 Jakarta, Indonesia Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Singapore

2nd March, 2011 Kitakyusyu, Japan Japan, Australia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand

3rd March, 2012 Siem Reap, Cambodia Japan, Cambodia, Australia, Thailand

4th High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities on 21-22 March 2013 at Hanoi, Viet Nam (HLS-ESC)

10

Assist developing countries to build sustainable cities environmentally, socially and economically

Proposed in Rio+20 by GoJ

Discuss at High level seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities on 21-22 March at Hanoi, Viet Nam

11

Future City Initiative

MOEJ has started feasibility studies of environmental technologies in Myanmar

• Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Waste to Energy (WTE) Plant in Yangon

• Landfill Gas (LFG) Recovery and Utilisation for Power Generation

Waste management and Wastewater treatment are promising area for supporting Myanmar

• installing Japanese distributed-type wastewater treatment system in residence complex or commercial facilities

12

Potential Projects in Myanmar

Methodologies to be developed by Japan and Partner Country

JAPAN

Partner Country

Leading low carbon technologies

GHG reductions

Offsets / Credits

BOCM Projects

Used to achieve Japan’s target

To facilitate diffusion of low carbon technologies To evaluate GHG emission reductions To contribute to the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC

Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

It is possible to decouple Economic Growth from Pollutions by good policies and technologies

Low Carbon Growth can generate various co-benefits with science based policy making

Japan will contribute to shift Asian Cities into Low Carbon and Climate Resilient ones by Future city initiatives, ESC program and BOCM

14

Conclusion

Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research

The First Asia Parks Congress

The Satoyama Initiative

Japan Biodiversity Fund

Global Partnership for Business and Biodiversity

3R Initiative

Strengthening of monitoring frameworks for global carbon

circulation through GOSAT

LCS-RNet

Water Sound Material-Cycle Society, city,

transportation

Asian Network for Prevention of Illegal Transboundary Movement of Hazardous

Wastes

Initiatives of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan Promotion of networks towards the world

Climate Change

Development and promotion of the bilateral offset credit mechanism

LoCARNet

Nagoya Protocol Implementation Fund

Accelerating of ESD

Environmental Education

Biodiversity < Achievement of the Aichi

Targets>

Environmental networks in Asia

Water Environment Partnership in Asia

Regional EST Forum in Asia

Regional 3R Forum in Asia

DESD Final Year Conference

Asia Pacific Adaptation

Network

Clean Asia Initiative