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What does mean neighbours ?. At the same epoch simultaneous (transient phenomenae) before (can affect the SIMBOL-X observing plan) after (can complement SIMBOL-X observations) In the same energy range competition ! complementary (if performance differs) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What does mean neighbours ?
• At the same epoch– simultaneous (transient phenomenae)– before (can affect the SIMBOL-X observing plan)– after (can complement SIMBOL-X observations)
• In the same energy range– competition ! – complementary (if performance differs)
• In relevant energy range (scientific complementary: e.g. radio, gamma-rays)
SIMBOL-X neighbourhood
Current X-ray observatories
After ? Next ASM ?
Chandra ?
Suzaku: 3 years ?( 2008) ?
Swift ? (no short term technical limit)
XMM (and INTEGRAL) > 2012 ?
RXTE until ?
INTEGRAL (2002 - ?)
• SIMBOL-X INTEGRAL source localisation / identification
• INTEGRAL SIMBOL-X observing plan: ISGRI catalog >20 keV flux (or upper limit)
MAXI (Japan, 2008 ?)All sky monitor (ISS)
Two types of X-ray detectors viewing the sky through slit apertures:
• GSC: 12 proportional gas counters (2-30 keV). Effective area of 6000 cm²
• SSC: CCD camera, 32 CCD chips. Energy resolution: 135 eV FWHM at 5.9keV
NEXT (Japan)
NEXT• Hard X-ray Telescopes (HXTs): use super mirrors to
concentrate hard X-rays up to ~80 keV. • Wide-band X-ray Imagers (WXI):
– upper-stage soft X-ray detector: thinned X-ray CCDs – lower-stage hard X-ray detector: CdTe pixel detector
• Soft Gamma-ray detector (SGD): ultra-low background, high-sensitivity detector in soft gamma-ray band by combining an active shield and a pixel detector.
• Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS). TES (Transition-Edge Sensor) micro-calorimeters (goal 1000 pixels)
• Launch 2013• Duration: 5 years
SRG (Lobster/Rosita)
free-flyerlaunch 2011 ?
• eRosita (0.5 - 10 keV): All sky survey (~ROSAT) PSF < 20", FOV 41'
• LOBSTER (0.1 - 4 keV) transients• ART XC (5 - 80 keV) Kumakhov optics ?
(fiber lens) or coded mask
InstrumentSSM
(All Sky Monitor)CZTI LAXPC SXT
detector PSPC CZTPC
CCD
imaging yes yes no yes
optics 1D-coded mask 2D-coded mask collimator Wolter-I
Energy range 2 - 10 keV 10 - 100 keV 3 - 100 keV 0.3 - 8 keV
Angular resolution 10' 8' 1' – 5' 3' – 4'
FOV 6° x 90° 17° x 17° 1° x 1° 0.35°
Astrosat Payloadlaunch 2008 ?
HXMT (China)• The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT): collimated hard X-
ray (20-200 keV) telescope all-sky hard X-ray survey• HXMT is based on the direct demodulation (DD) method • NaI(Ti)/CsI(Na) phoswich • The Phase A study: all the key technical difficulties of the telescope
have been overcome• Ground prototype of HXMT has been constructed, and the balloon
borne flight testing has been finished. • Platform: "Ziyuan II" (Earth Resource II) satellite series. • Launch: 2010• Mission duration ?• Angular resolution ?• FOV ?
GLAST
• 2007 - ?• All Sky Monitor• Should be a major player• Well calibrated at the Simbol-X time
(overlap with HESS2, MAGIC 2)• Will most likely produced a huge catalog of
unidentified sources (~1 degree error boxes). Identification will be a challenge.
Cerenkov telescopes
• Southern hemisphere: HESS• Northern hemisphere: MAGIC, VERITAS• Energy range: ~ 500 GeV – 50 TeV• Angular resolution: ~ 10'• FOV: 5°• Sensitivity: 10 mCrab (1 day)• Will help the identification of the GLAST
sources
HESS-2
• Operational next year
Virtual
MAGIC II(2007)
Not to scale !
The future: CTA
• Large telescope arrays• Dense telescope arrays• Large mirror area• Large field of view• Advanced photon detectors• Advance signal & trigger processing
slide from W. Hofmann
10-14
10-13
10-12
10-11
10 100 1000 104 105
E x
F(>
E) [
TeV
/cm
2 s]
E [GeV]
The future: CTA
Crab
10% Crab
1% Crab
GLAST
MAGIC
H.E.S.S.
E.F(>E) [TeV/cm2s]
slide from W. Hofmann
LOFAR(from 2007)
RADIO (30-150 MHz)
• All Sky Monitor: transients detection alert for SIMBOL-X TOOs (e.g. AGNs, μ-quasars)
• Well adapted to map extended sources– Clusters:
• radiosynch Lowfar • IC SIMBOL-X
– SNRs: • radiosynch Lowfar, SIMBOL-X• IC CTA (HESS, MAGIC)
Complementary instrumentsmulti-λ studies
RX J1713.7-3946Berezkho & Völkastro/ph-0602177
electrons B2
protons gas
Lofar VLA ATCA
adapted from W. Hofmann
SIMBOL-X GLAST HESS
CTA
Complementary instruments All sky monitors
• GLAST (Gamma-rays: 0.05 – 100 GeV): 2007- ?
• HXMT (X-rays: 20-200 keV): 2010-?• MAXI (X-rays: 2-10 keV): 2008-?• Astrosat (X-rays: 2-10 keV): 2008-?• eRosita (X-rays: 0.5-10 keV): 2011-?• Lofar (radio): 2007-?
Competitive missions
• NEXT (WXI)• Spectrum X-Gamma (ART XC)