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What does it mean to be “Human?”. Human Origins: Our Distant Past. Mary & Louis Leakey. Olduvai Gorge: The Cradle of Mankind. Northern Tanzania 30 miles long 295 ft deep 5.3 Million years ago. Laetoli Fossil Footprints. 3.6 million years old Earliest evidence of bipedal walking. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What does it mean to be “Human?”
Human Origins: Our Distant Past
Mary & Louis Leakey
Olduvai Gorge: The Cradle of Mankind
•Northern Tanzania
•30 miles long
•295 ft deep
•5.3 Million years ago
Laetoli Fossil Footprints
•3.6 million years old
•Earliest evidence of bipedal walking
Donald Johanson: “Lucy”
The Early Hominids
Australopithecine
• Means, “Southern Ape”
• Appeared in Africa 4-5 million years ago
• Stood upright and walked on two legs
• Brain: 1/3 size of modern human
Homo Habilis• Means: “Handy Man”
• Appeared in Africa 2.4 million years ago
• Used crude stone tools
• Brain: ½ side of modern humans
Homo Erectus
• Means: “upright man”
• Appeared: 2-1.5 million years ago
• Early stone tools (i.e., hand axe)
• Learned to control fire
• Migrated out of Africa
Homo Sapiens
• Means, “Wise Man”
• Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago
• Migrated around the world
• Wide range of tools
• Created fire
• Developed language
Homo Neanderthalensis vs. Homo sapiens
Out of Africa: Migrations of Homo sapiens
Possible coastal routes of human migration
Possible landward routes of human migration
Human Origins200,000-250,000
years ago
Southwest Asia100,000 years ago
Australiaas many as 60,000
years ago
Europe40,000 years ago
Siberia40,000 years ago
North America12,000-30,000
years ago
Migrations in Oceania
Oceania1600 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
Chile12,000-13 ,000
years ago
Paleolithic People: Culture Begins
• Nomadic
• Hunter-gatherers
Paleolithic Art and Religion
•Buried the Dead
•Cave Paintings
•Animism: a belief in a spiritual world
Paleolithic Technology• Crude chipped
stones
• Over time, better tools were developed– More refined– More specialized
What does it mean to be “Human?”