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What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

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HONC FOR BONDING! ElementNumber of Outer Electrons Number of Covalent Bonds It Can Make Hydrogen11 Oxygen62 Nitrogen53 Carbon4 4

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Page 1: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

Page 2: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

WHY IS CARBON SO IMPORTANT? Carbon has 4 outer electrons, all used for bonding

Page 3: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

HONC FOR BONDING!Element Number of

Outer Electrons

Number of Covalent

Bonds It Can Make

Hydrogen 1 1

Oxygen 6 2

Nitrogen 5 3

Carbon 4 4

Page 4: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

WHY ARE ALL THESE BONDS IMPORTANT? Carbon can bond with all of these atoms, including itself

These bonds between Carbon and other atoms create long chains and complex structures

These structures can then form even more complex structures to compose the major molecules of life called macromolecules.

Page 5: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

WHAT MAKES CARBON SO SPECIAL? Remember CHOPNS

1. Carbon can bond with ALL of those atoms, including itself!

2.Can make single, double AND triple bonds

Single bond

Double bond Triple bond

Page 6: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

WHAT MAKES CARBON SPECIAL?4 single bonds = tetrahedral shape

……are these ionic or covalent bonds?

3. Straight chains and rings

moleculargeometry.cybermediasystem.net

Page 7: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

CARBON COMPOUNDS ARE “ORGANIC” In Chemistry, the term “organic” refers to compounds that contain Carbon.

Example: C6H12O6 C12H24O12

Any compound that does not contain Carbon is known as “inorganic”

Example: KCl, NaBrThe exception is CO2

Page 8: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?

Page 9: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?

Page 10: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

ARE THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS ORGANIC OR INORGANIC?

Page 11: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

In our bodies, these complex organic compounds make up macromolecules

Macromolecules are formed through the connecting of “monomers” to create long chains called “polymers”

Page 12: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

Monomer: smallest unit that makes up a polymer.Ex: glucose Polymer: large molecules that are made up of monomers.Ex: starch

Think about a train!Each car is a monomer and the whole train is a polymer.

Page 13: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

MONOMERS: THE “LINKS” IN THE POLYMER “CHAIN”

Page 14: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

LET’S SUM UP! Carbon can bond to itself.

Carbon will bond with many other elements and form strong covalent bonds.

Carbon can form straight chains, branches or rings.

Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds.

Page 15: What does a diamond, pencil, and a piece of coal have in common?

CLOSURE

Explain 3 things you learned about Carbon today and give examples.(to be handed in)