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QUAESTIO: How do we know what we know about ancient Pompeii and the ancient Romans? NUNC AGENDA: Answer these questions in your notebooks: 1.What objects, materials, and other stuff can we study to learn about ancient Romans? 2. What do you think the phrase “material culture” means?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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QUAESTIO: How do we know what we know about ancient Pompeii and the ancient Romans?
NUNC AGENDA: Answer these questions in your notebooks:
1.What objects, materials, and other stuff can we study to learn about ancient Romans?
2. What do you think the phrase “material culture” means?
Things to help us understand the Ancient Romans
What do you think the difference is between “primary” and “secondary” materials?
Primary: things from ancient times
Secondary: things written recently ABOUT ancient times
Primary Stuff
What are some “Primary” sources
Primary source materialSource What can it tell us?
Physical Remains
Bones (human / animal)
buildings, parts of buildings, walls, roads, etc
Primary source materialSource What can it tell us?
Physical Remains
Bones (human / animal)
buildings, parts of buildings, walls, roads, etc
Tools, personal items, coins
Athletic equipment: jumping weights, javelin point, discus,
strigil
Coin of Emperor Traianus Decius (249-251 AD), “The Good-Fortune of this Age!”
Coin of Emperor Gaius “Caligula” with his sisters representing Security, Harmony, and Fortune.
Primary source materialSource What can it tell us?
Physical Remains
Pottery, glass, ceramics
Partially excavated miniature vases and figurines from Orchomenos in Greece
Sorted pottery sherds from an excavation in southern Turkey await cataloging
Primary Sources
Pottery
Primary source material
Written Documents Papyrus (also bark, wood) There are about 55,000
catalogued papyri What is on them?
Primary source materialSource What can it tell us?
Written Records
Papyrus(also bark, wood)
*there are about 55,000 catalogued papryi, what is written on them?
Papyrus from 221 BC written in Greek (there are few papyri written in Latin) petitioning King Ptolemy of Egypt for
an official land surveyor to settle a dispute between neighbors.
Birthday party
invitation from ca 100
AD, found written on
tree bark at Vindolanda,
Roman fortress in
northern Britain
Primary source materialSource What can it tell us?
Written Records
Epigraphy
*(Corpus Inscriptorum Latinorum has 180,000 inscriptions), what is on them?
Primary source material
Epigraphy
Primary source material
Written Documents Texts (transmission of ancient
literary works) Genres: poetry, comedy, tragedy,
history, philosophy, speeches, novels, biography
Estimations: 90-95% of all literature written between Homer (8th c. BC and St. Augustine (d. 430 AD) has been lost.
textual stemma, showing the diverging paths a single original manuscript may take
Secondary Sources Modern studies of the primary
materials Classical education (Latin and Greek) a
part of Western education since Middle Ages, greater role in Renaissance, develops into university Classical Studies Departments especially 19th and 20th centuries
Our Lesson Pottery
Epigraphy