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What did you do over Spring Break or the weekend? List 5 things you did Now explain WHY you did it (for each one). Try to be as specific as possiblethat iswhat really motivated you to do it. What is it about you that motivates you? Why do you do what you do?

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What is motivation? With Veterans Day coming up tomorrow With a partner try to come up with what motivation is from the perspective of a soldier (veteran) What motivates them? Be specific / detailed Video #1 Video #2 Care package drive

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Now that we have got the ball rolling How would you define motivation? A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

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1. Is it biological? 2. Is it cognitive? 3. Is it something else that clinicians have found?

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Instincts Complex inherited behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout the species Can you name any? Are we above instincts because we can think? Biological Explanation

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Drives We have physiological needs that create psychological drives Drive Reduction theory states that needs create tension that stimulates our behaviors Biological Explanation

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Arousal We all function with different preferences of arousal (stimulation / alertness). Some function well with stress some do not Yerkes-Dodson Law says that arousal will increase performance up to a point but too much arousal can actually decrease performance. Optimum levels of arousal depend on the difficulty of the task. Can you think of any examples where this might apply? Homeostasis the bodys tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state (i.e. temperature - sweating & shivering) Biological Explanation

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Figure 10.2 Arousal and Performance Yerkes-Dodson Law

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Arousal and 4 forms of sensation seeking 1. Thrill and adventure seeking 1. Some people see excitement in risky but socially acceptable behaviors (skydiving, race-car driving) 2. Experience Seeking 1. Seeks sensation through the mind, senses and non-conforming lifestyle. Some people reject conventional lifestyles 3. Disinhibition 1. Have chosen conventional lifestyle but seek to escape it in socially acceptable forms such as drinking/partying. People need other people as sources of stimulation 4. Boredom Susceptibility 1. Low tolerance for experience that is repetitious or constant. Gets restless with long periods with little external stimulation Biological Explanation

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Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation the desire to perform a behavior because of promised rewards or threats of punishment Intrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective. Cognitive Explanation

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Being a teacher Extrinsic Good pay in D155 Stability (not dependent on the ups /down of the economy Benefits (heath care / vacation time) Intrinsic Inspire students to gain knowledge / reach goals Shape lives / futures Continually gain knowledge about the world Teach subjects that interest me (psychology)

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Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Which is more effective? Should we reward and incentivize in order to increase performance? (get paid to go to school / good grades?) What do we spend most of our time pursuing? Daniel Pink Cognitive Explanation

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What is the big downside for trying to extrinsically motivate people?

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Other factors (clinical) that affect motivation / achievement

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What a man can be, he must be Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of NEEDS

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What is the story of this image? 1. What is happening? Who is in the picture? 2. What has led to this situation? That is, what has happened in the past? 3. What is being thought? What is wanted? 4. What will happen? What will be done? 5. Does he care if he succeeds or fails?

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The need to perform better is indicated if the character in the story is doing one or more of the following four things. 1. Outperforming someone elsefor example, getting a better grade on a test 2. Meeting or surpassing a self-imposed standard of excellencefor example, doing better than ever before on a history test 3. Doing something uniquefor example, being the first 18- year-old to write a bestseller 4. Being involved over a long term in doing something well for example, being a successful writer of short stories

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Personal Task List the last 3 achievements and failures you had and explain them. (why did you succeed or fail?) What do you notice about your explanations? Are the achievement explanations celebrations or not? Do the failure explanations blame a personal fault or other circumstances / people? Would you describe yourself as an optimist (positive) or a pessimist (negative)?

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Who would you choose to play against? 1. You think you might beat Opponent 1 in your matches 10% of the time. 2. You think you might beat Opponent 2 -20% of the time. 3. You think you might beat Opponent 3 -30% of the time. 4. You think you might beat Opponent 4 -40% of the time. 5. You think you might beat Opponent 5 -50% of the time. 6. You think you might beat Opponent 6 -60% of the time. 7. You think you might beat Opponent 7 -70% of the time. 8. You think you might beat Opponent 8 -80% of the time. 9. You think you might beat Opponent 9 -90% of the time.

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How can you motivate yourself more? Associate your high achievement with positive emotions celebrate it Connect your achievement with your efforts personal responsibility Raise your expectations high enough to be challenged, but not too high to be discouraged

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Achievement is part of intrinsic motivation What you told about that image can reveal your levels of achievement motivation. Achievement Motivation is a desire for 1. Significant Accomplishment 2. Mastery of ideas, things, or people 3. Attaining a high standard Do you do ANYTHING for achievement?achievement People with high achievement motivation often display grit (passionate dedication to an ambitious goal). Achievement is much more than just talent. It reveals a passion to perfect.grit

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Purpose Driven Model The BEST motivation system is the purpose driven model. The purpose driven model best enables those who want to achieve to achieve! Autonomy Mastery Purpose Can you create a purpose driven model? Here is an example of such a modelexample of such a model

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Formative/ Summative Assessment Using your knowledge on motivation / achievement You, a partner, or a group, are going to create a purpose driven (intrinsic) model institution (school / business / other) What would it look like? How would it function? How would you meet their needs (biological / cognitive)? How would you get people in the institution to function at their highest level of achievement (intrinsically / promoting grit / autonomy / mastery / purpose / hierarchy of needs)? You will design a creative visual presentation of your idea How you do this is up to you! (power point / poster / video / etc)

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Grade / Criteria You can determine how much the project is worth (based on the difficulty / workload) and what grade you deserve on it (did you perform at your highest level? Did you create a quality product?). - 0 to 20 points (formative 5 pt. increments) Everyone (individually) will write a reflective essay (1.5 2 pages typed) *20 points summative If you completed the assignment: Describe what institution you created in detail (how it was purpose driven) How the project went (did you use your time effectively) What points did you make it worth and why? What grade did you give yourself and why? Reflect on the effectiveness of this type of assignment (self directed / self evaluated). If you didnt complete the assignment (you will not get a grade for that) Why the heck didnt you? Specific reasons (lazy? lack of time? Etc be honest!) What did you do with your time? Why were you not intrinsically motivated to do the assignment? Why were you not extrinsically motivated to do the assignment? What was wrong with this assignment that made you avoid it? What needs were not being met (drive / arousal / hierarchy of needs / achievement / grit) BE HONEST WITH THIS REFLECTION DONT HIDE ANYTHING OUT OF FEAR!

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You reflection should show these major ideas (either way you went) Explain the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Explain what the purpose driven model is Include hierarchy of needs Explain what achievement motivation is. Include grit Add this at the end of your essay Take this online assessment here: Motivation TestMotivation Test Test and then reflect on your results.