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What Are Past Participles?

Participles are words formed from verbswhich can be used as adjectives.

There are two types of participles:

The Past Participle

(usually ending -ed,-d,-t,-en, or-n)

The Present Participle

(ending -ing)The "ote" section on the right e!plains how to form past participles.

Examples of Past Participles Being Used As Adjectives

ere are some e!amples of past participles being used as adjectives:

The Verb The Past Participle

To swell swollen eyes

To brea# bro#en plate

To ruin ruined ca#e

Past Participles in Participle Phrases

Past participles can often be found in participle phrases.$ participle phrase acts li#e anadjective. %n the e!amples below, the participle phrases are shaded and the pastparticiples are in bold:

The boy takento hospital has recovered.

(The participle phrase taken to hospitaldescribes the boy.)

% have a heart rackedwith sorrow.

(The participle phrase wracked with sorrowdescribes a heart.)

Batteredby the wind, &ohn fell to his #nees.

(The participle phrase "Battered by the winddescribesjohn.)

'inally broken, ee lowered his gloves.

(The participle phrase Finally brokendescribes Lee.)ead more about participle phrases.

!ore Examples of Past Participles Used as Adjectives

http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/verbs.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_participle.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participle_phrases.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participle_phrases.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participle_phrases.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/verbs.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adjectives.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_participle.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participle_phrases.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/participle_phrases.htm

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ere are some e!amples of past participles (shaded) being used as adjectives:

ere is a laminated copy to replace your torn one.

*tuffed deer heads on walls are bad enough, but it+s worse when they have

streamers in their antlers because then you #now they were enjoying themselveswhen they were shot. (llen -eeneres)

$ torn jac#et is soon mended, but hard words bruise the heart of a child. (enryongfellow)

*candal is gossip made tedious by morality. (/scar 0ilde, 123451677)

The enemy is anybody who+s going to get you #illed, no matter which side he+s

on. (&oseph eller, 16895 1666)

Past Participles Used in Verb Tenses

$s well as being used as adjectives, past participles are also used to form verb tenses.ere are the verb tenses (past participles shaded):

The "Past Tenses Examplesimple past tense % bro#e

past progressive tense % was brea#ing

past perfect tense % had bro#en

past perfect progressive tense % had been brea#ing

The " Present Tenses Example

simple present tense % brea#

present progressive tense % am brea#ing

present perfect tense % have bro#en

present perfect progressive tense % have been brea#ing

The " #$t$re Tenses Example

simple future tense % will brea#future progressive tense % will be brea#ing

future perfect tense % will have bro#en

future perfect progressive tense % will have been brea#ing

http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_past_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_perfect_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_present_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_perfect_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_future_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_perfect_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_past_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/past_perfect_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_present_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/present_perfect_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/simple_future_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_progressive_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_perfect_tense.htmhttp://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/future_perfect_progressive_tense.htm