What are Acids and Bases??

Section 2-3Brainstorm:Name two acidic and two basic items in your home.Can acids and/or bases harm you? explain

We need to Describe Solutions in order to understand acids and bases!

Solution- mixture in which one or more substances are UNIFORMLY distributed in another. “homogenous solution”

Solute- what gets dissolved. Solvent- what does the dissolving. Ex- salt water- salt is solute, water is

solvent. Ice tea- mix=solute, water=solvent.

What is the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution? SOLUTION = where a substance is

dissolved in a liquid ex: sugar dissolved in water

MIXTURE = when 2 substances are stirred together

ex: sugar crystals being mixed with salt grains

Describing Solutions

Concentration- measurement of how solute is in a solution.

Saturated Solution-a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved.

Aqueous (aq) Solution- special name for solutions that use water as the solvent.

Dissociation of Water

Basically the breaking apart of water into two oppositely charged ions.

H2O = H+ + OH-

OH- is the hydroxide ion H+ reacts with another water H+ + H2O = H3O+

H3O+ is called hydronium ion

Acids

If a solution has more hydronium ions (H3O+) than hydroxide (OH-) ions then it is an acid.

Acids have a sour taste and can be highly corrosive.

pH less than 7.

Wait…..

Yucky pictures…..

Do you want to see????

Ulcers

Pressure Ulcer

Bases

If a solution has more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydronium (H3O+) ions, it is a base.

Alkaline is another word for basic. Bases have a bitter taste, feel slippery

and have pH’s above 7.

pH

pH is a scale used to determine the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

It ranges from 0-14. 0= very strong acid, 6.99999=weak acid 14= very strong base, 7.0001=weak

base 7=neutral

Buffers

Control of pH is very important in living systems.

Things like enzymes have a small pH range in which they function.

Buffers- chemicals that neutralize small amounts of acids and bases.

Buffers help maintain pH of bodies fluids.

pH Scale