Wetland Nangal 2016-17 - ppcb.gov.inppcb.gov.in/Attachments/Reports and Documents/WetlandNangal20… · Wetland Nangal 2016-17 2 1. INTRODUCTION: Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen,

Wetland Nangal 2016-17

1


2

1. INTRODUCTION:

Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water whether natural or

artificial, permanent or temporary with water that is lentic or lotic, fresh, brackish or

salty, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed

six meters. Wetlands may be either natural or manmade.

Nangal wetland is one of the four wetlands of national importance

identified in Punjab, and has been included in the national directory of wetlands by the

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Govt. of India in January, 2008

because of its avian diversity and spreads over an area of approx. 400 hac.

1.1 Physiography of Nangal Wetland

Nangal Wetland is an artificial lake on river Satluj. This lake had been

created due to the erection of barrage for diverting the water of River Sutlej into

irrigation canals.

Nangal Lake is situated on the foothills of Shivalik ranges in Ropar district,

Punjab, India. The beautiful lake is formed due to construction of Nangal barrage. The

name Nangal came after the name of Nangal Nikku, a small village. This lake is a

heaven for bird lovers and numerous migratory birds are seen here. It is located just at

a distance of about 100km from Chandigarh in Punjab in northwest India. The wetland

is situated at 31°22'N 76°23'E / 31°.37'N, 76°.38'E and has an average elevation of

about 1069 feet (326 metres). The wetland is surrounded by beautiful hills.

1.2 Sources of Pollution:

Nangal wetland is mainly fed by river Satluj. The river receives the once

through cooling water from NFL Nangal. It receives the treated waste water from STP

Nangal & STP BBMB Nangal. It also receives waste water from the villages and other

sources situated along the river.

The fertilizer / pesticide run off from agricultural fields on both side of the

wetland also contributes to its pollution load.

1.3. Objectives:

The environment of Nangal wetland is deteriorating as it receives

industrial and municipal wastes of the cities & villages situated along its banks. It

receives treated waste water discharged at downstream of Nangal barrage.


3

Water quality being an important factor in the conservation of a wetland,

it is necessary to know the existing water quality as well as to keep a constant watch on

its future trends.

2. Monitoring by Punjab Pollution Control Board:

Punjab Pollution Control Board has conducted monitoring of Nangal

wetland to study the effect on water and sediment quality due to discharge of

domestic/industrial wastewater/surface run offs. The monitoring for water and sediment

samples was carried out in the month of October, 2016and April, 2017 at following

locations:

1) River Sutlej at 100 mtr U/s of Headworks Nangal.

2) Right Bank of Nangal Reservoir

3) Left Bank of Nangal Reservoir

4) River Sutlej D/s Nangal Barrage

5) River Sutlej U/s NFL

6) River Sutlej D/s NFL

7) River Sutlej at D/s PACL

River Sutlej at 100 mtr U/s of Headworks Nangal


4

Right Bank of Nangal Reservoir

Left Bank of Nangal Reservoir


5

River Sutlej D/s Nangal Barrage

River Sutlej U/s NFL


6

River Sutlej at D/s PACL

River Sutlej D/s NFL


7

3. SAMPLING:

The samples were collected as per protocol (Annexure-I) from the

seven sampling locations mentioned above in October, 2016 & April, 2017. These

samples were analysed for physico-chemical parameters and for heavy metals and

pesticides (Annexure -II).

Sediment samples were also collected to know the accumulation of various

pollutants in the sediment. These samples were analysed for physico-chemical

parameters and for heavy metals and pesticides (Annexure -III).

Since the chemical analysis alone cannot provide a true picture of the

water quality, biological metabolic evaluation of the water is also necessary to confirm

its suitability for different uses and to have the diversity of different types of flora and

fauna, diversity index and saprobity index were calculated. The results are given in

(Table-II to IV). The samples were also collected for microbiological studies i.e.

Total and Faecal coliform to have an idea of the extent of pollution from sewage

/human/animal waste.

4. Methodology: Methodology adopted for analysis of various parameters have

been prescribed in Table-I.

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

5 (A) Water Samples:-

The water samples were collected from Seven monitoring locations in October,

2016 & April 2017 for various parameters. The analysis results indicate that: -

(a) Physical Parameters:

i) pH:

pH at all the monitoring locations was found to vary between 7.3 to 7.9 during

October 2016 whereas it varied from 7.7 to 8.0 during monitoring in April, 2017.

ii) Turbidity:

Turbidity is caused by a wide variety of suspended matter which ranges in

sizes from colloidal to course dispersions depending upon the velocity of flow or upon

the extent of turbulence. It varied from 2.6 to 11.4 NTU in October 2016 and from 8.0

to 19.0 in the samples collected in the month of April, 2017.


8

iii) Total Dissolved Solids:

The concentration of total dissolved solids varied from 133 to 165 mg/l in

October, 2016 and from 162 to 196 mg/l in April, 2017.

iv) Conductivity:

The conductivity of an aqueous solution expresses its ability to conduct or

to carry an electric current which depends largely on the presence of ions. The

measurement of conductivity is thus important to establish the degree of mineralization

to assess the effect of the total concentration of ions which can have an effect on the

plant and animal life in an aquatic environment.

The conductivity varied from 205 to 239 µS/cm in October, 2016 and from

284 to 318 µS/cm in April, 2017.

v) Dissolved Oxygen:

Oxygen is the prime requirement of all the living organisms in one form or

the other for carrying out the metabolic activities and for the production of energy

essential for growth and reproduction. Oxygen depletes rapidity when the organic

matter finds its way into the water bodies and is consumed by the microorganisms

naturally present in the stream. It is therefore, an indicator of organic pollution.

Concentration of the dissolved oxygen also varies with the time of the day.

Dissolved Oxygen varied from 7.8 to 8.6 mg/l during the period of study

i.e. in October, 2016 and it was in the range of 7.8 to 8.6 mg/l in April, 2017.

vi) Total Coliform

Total Coliform count was found in the range of 540 to 920 MPN/100ml in

October, 2016 and varied from 170 to 320 MPN/100ml in April, 2017, during the study

period indicating pollution from sewage /human /animal waste.

(b) Inorganic and Non Metallic Constituents:

i) Chloride & Sulphate:

The concentration of chloride & sulphate during the period of study varied

between 20 mg/l to 28 mg/l and from 18 mg/l to 21 mg/l respectively during October,

2016 and in April 2017 chloride varied from 11 mg/l to 26 mg/l and sulphate varied

from 8 mg/l to 13 mg/l.


9

ii) Hardness :

Hardness of water is largely due to calcium and magnesium. Calcium and

Magnesium exist in the form of hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates.

Total Hardness varied from 92 to 113 mg/l in October, 2016 and from 66

to 94 mg/l in April, 2017.

iii) Alkalinity:

The Alkalinity varied from 58 to 80 mg/l in October 2016 and from 48 to

84 mg/l in April, 2017.

(c) Biochemical Oxygen Demand:

The organic matter which enters in the aquatic system is broken down

under natural conditions to various end products by the naturally occurring micro-

organisms and in this process dissolved oxygen depletion takes places resulting in an

ecological imbalance affecting aquatic life. Hence, it becomes pertinent to know the

amount of oxygen that would be needed by the naturally occurring micro-organisms for

stabilizing a bio-degradable waste under aerobic conditions whereas BOD represents

the amount of oxygen required for stabilizing waste when the waste is oxidized.

Presence of BOD in water indicates that the water is polluted with organic

matter. However, it was found below 5 mg/l in October, 2016 and April, 2017 at all

sampling locations indicating thereby very less contribution from organic sources.

(d) Study of Flora and Fauna:

1. Satluj 100 mt U/S Head Works Nangal: The Sampling point is situated near a

Gurudwara and approach to river Satluj is through stairs. Very few stones or

gravel are found here. Some species of invertebrates are found here. The river

bed is found to be sandy. Species like Baetis, molluscs are found here.

2. Satluj near Right bank of Reservoir: No algae and grasses are found. Stones and

gravel are also not present. No animal life was observed here during the period

of study.

3. Satluj on left bank of Reservoir. No animal life was observed here.

4. Satluj D/S Barrage: No stones or gravel are found to provide habitat. No fauna is

found here. Stairs lead to river and study in the inner parts of the river is not

feasible due to no approach.


10

5. Satluj U/S NFL: At the sampling point, little blackish tinge was observed in river

water. Though river water is abundant with grasses, shrubs and phytoplanktons

that supports the growth of animal life. Substrate is composed of stones and

gravel. Some good quality animals like Lymnae and Plenorbis were found.

6. Satluj D/S NFL: Human activities is like cloth washing and bathing are very

common. Chironomids and molluscs were found here in abundant during the

study period.

7. Satluj D/S PACL: Benthic fauna is little less at this location but still chironomids

and few molluscs were found here.

(e) Sodium and Potassium

Sodium and Potassium were found in the range of 7.8 mg/l to 14.2 mg/l

and 1.5 mg/l to 2.6 mg/l respectively in the water samples, during the period of study

in the month of October, 2016 and in April, 2017, sodium varied from 8 mg/l to 18 mg/l

and potassium varied from 1.4 mg/l to 2.3 mg/l.

(f) Heavy Metals

The heavy metals i.e. Zinc, Iron, Copper, Chrome, Nickel, Arsenic,

Mercury & Cadmium were analyzed in the samples collected in October, 2016 and April,

2017 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All the heavy metals) were not

detected in all the samples analyzed except Iron (in the range of 0.05 to 0.17 mg/l) and

Zinc (in the range of 0.05 to 0.19 mg/l).

(g) Pesticides

The pesticides i.e Alpha HCH,Beta HCH,Gama HCH,4,4' DDT ,4,4' DDE

,4,4' DDD ,Alpha Endosulphan,Beta Endosulphan , Dieldrin, Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin

Aldehyde & Methyl Parathion were analyzed in the water samples collected in October,

2016 and April, 2017 using Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrophotometer. The

pesticides were not detected in all the samples collected during the period of study.

5 (B) Sediment Samples:

The sediment samples were collected from the seven monitoring locations.


11

(a) Physico-Chemical Parameter:

(i) pH

pH at all the monitoring locations was found to vary between 7.3 to 7.6

during the period of study in October, 2016 and in April, 2017 from 7.3 to 7.8.

(ii) Conductivity

The conductivity varied from 27 µS/cm to 82µS/cm in October, 2016 and

in April, 2017 it varied from 69 µS/cm to 82 µS/cm.

(iii) Chloride & Sulphate

The concentration of chloride varied from 10 µg/g to 100 µg/g & Sulphate

from 20 µg/g to 320 µg/g in October, 2016 and in April, 2017 chloride varied from 80

µg/g to 92 µg/g and sulphate varied from 70 µg/g to 76 µg/g.

(b) Heavy Metals

The sediment samples were collected in October, 2016 & April 2017 and were

analyzed for heavy metals i.e. Zinc, Chrome, Nickel, Lead & Cadmium and were not

detected in any of the analysed samples except Zinc (in the range of 0.02 to 0.08 mg/g

in October, 2016 and 0.01 mg/g to 0.02mg/g in April, 2017). The analysis was done

using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

(c) Pesticides

The pesticides i.e Alpha HCH,Beta HCH,Gama HCH,4,4' DDT ,4,4' DDE ,4,4'

DDD ,Alpha Endosulphan, Beta Endosulphan , Dieldrin, Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde

& Methyl Parathion were analyzed in the sediment samples collected in October, 2016

and April 2017 using Gas Chromatograph–Mass Spectrophotometer. The pesticides

were not detected in any of the samples analyzed during the period of study.

6. Designated Best Use (DBU) Classification:

The objective of DBU Concept is aimed at restoring and /or maintaining natural

water bodies or their parts to such a quality as water body is put to, the use which

demands highest quality of water is termed as “DBU”, and accordingly the water body

is designated.


12

Primary water quality criteria for different used have been identified and is as under:

Designated Best-Use Class

of Water

Criteria

Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection

A pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 50 or less Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more BOD = 2.0

Outdoor bathing (Organised) B pH between 6.5 and 8.5 DO 5mg/l or more Total Coliform MPN/100ml 500 or less BOD 3mg/l or less

Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection

C pH between 6 to 9 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 5000 or less DO 4mg/l or more BOD 3mg/l or less

Propagation of Wild Life and Fisheries

D pH between 6.5 to 8.5 D O 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal

E pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Electrical Conductivity at 25

0C micro S/cm

Max.2250 Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l

7. CONCLUSION:

The Board monitored the Nangal wetland and collected, analyzed

samples for physico chemical, biological, heavy metals and pesticides

parameters.

The quality of water in river Sutlej at Nangal reservoir conforms to

Class-C in October, 2016 and Class-B in April, 2017 as per DBU.

The quality of water at D/S NFL/ PACL conforms to Class-C in

October 2016 and Class-B in April 2017. The water quality

deteriorates due to Total Coliform count. This may be due to

discharge of treated domestic water of STP Nangal in to the river

Satluj. The activity of animals bathing was also observed during


13

sampling. The other human activities observed were washing of

clothes, washing of utensils, dressing of fish etc..

Thereafter the quality of water deteriorates due to the discharge of

sewage of Nangal and once through cooling water of NFL into River

Satluj, the quality of water conforms to Class-B/C.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS:

Since the aim is the restoration and maintenance of the lake quality

by eliminating or reducing polluted discharges to the extent possible and

practicable therefore the following recommendations are made:

Animal and Human activities along the course of river Satluj is

required to be checked.

Proper level of water must be maintained in the river to save the

biotic life in river, especially in the D/s of reservoir.

To keep vigil on the level of pollution, regular monitoring of the lake

water must be done.

Deforestation in the catchment area should be strictly prohibited to

minimize surface runoffs.

Forestation in the catchment area of wetland should be enhanced to

avoid soil erosion and lake pollution due to runoffs.


14

Table-I Methodology Adopted for Analysis

S.No. Parameter Method

1 pH Glass Electrode Method

2 D.O. Iodometric / Azide Modification

3 Conductance Electrical Conductance

4 T.S.S Gravimetric Method

5 T.D.S Gravimetric Method

6 C.O.D. Open Reflux Method

7 B.O.D 3 days Iodometric method

8 Chloride Argentometric Method

9 Sulphate Gravimetric Method

10 Total Hardness EDTA Titration Method

11 Calcium EDTA Titration Method

12 Magnisium EDTA Titration Method

13 Phosphate Colorometric Method

14 Nitrate Ion Selective Electrode

15 Nitrite Colorometric Method

16 Amm. Nitrogen Nesslerization

17 TKN Kjeldhal Method

18 Alkalinity Titration Method

19 Turbidity Nephelometric Method

20 Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

21 T.Coli/F.Coli MPN Multiple Tube Technique

22 Pesticide GCMS

23 Metals Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric


15

Table-II Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Biological in water samples in

October 2016

(Nangal Wetland) 1. Field Observations Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W

Nangal

Right Bank

of Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank

of Nangal

reservoir

River Sutlej

D/S Nangal

Barrage

River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

Co-

ordinates

Latitude N 31o23'

51.754" N 31o23'

36.308" N 31o23'

27.368" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o21'

03.124" N 31o20'

59.921"

Longitude E 76o 22'

8.360" E 76o 22'

05.163"

E 76o 21'

50.779"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 22'

4.904"

E 76o 22'

4.048"

i) Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny

ii) Approximate

depth of main

stream/depth of

water table

0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m

iii) Colour and

intensity

Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless

iv) Odor odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless

v) Visible effluent

discharge

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Effluent discharge

from

M/s NFL –

Nil

vi) Human activities

around station.

Human

activities –Nil,

Migratory

birds seen

Human

activities –Nil,

Fishing was

done

Human

activities –Nil,

Human

activities –Nil, Mandir

at the bank

Human

activities –Nil,

Human

activities –Nil,

Human

activities –Nil,

2. Core Parameters

i) Temperature

(Air/Water) in oC

30/21 30/20 31/20 28/20 32/21 31/21 32/21

ii) pH 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.4

iii) Conductivity µS/cm

234 205 206 228 228 239 238

iv) DO (mg/l) 8.5 8.2 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.9 8.6

v) BOD (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Nitrate-N (mg/l) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6

vii) Ammonia-N mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL viii) Total Coli MPN/100 ml 550 610 560 680 540 920 610

ix) Faecal Coli MPN/100

ml 360 400 370 400 220 350 270

3. Bio Monitoring

i) Saprobity Index 4.6 - - - 3.3 2.5 2.5

ii) Diversity Index 0.3 - - - 0.3 0.4 0.4

4. General Parameters i) COD (mg/l) 4 BDL 16 4 12 24 4

ii) TKN BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) TDS (mg/l) 165 133 136 156 151 154 140

iv) TFS (mg/l) 122 113 115 121 119 126 118

v) TSS (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Turbidity (NTU) 5.7 2.6 4.0 4.2 11.4 3.5 2.6

vii) Total Hardness

(mg/l)

111 94 92 98 105 113 112

viii) Fluoride (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

ix) Boron (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

x) Chloride (mg/l) 20 22 23 24 23 26 28

xi) Sulphate (mg/l) 19 18 21 18 20 20 21

xii) T. Alkalinity (mg/l) 78 58 72 80 64 66 54

xiii) P-Alkalinity (mg/l) - - - - - - -

xiv) Phosphate (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xv) Sodium (mg/l) 10.6 9.6 9.8 9.8 7.8 10.2 14.2

xvi) Potassium (mg/l) 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.4 2.6

xvii) Calcium (mg/l) 31.2 25.6 26.0 29.0 32.0 31.2 31.0

xviii) Magnesium mg/l 8.0 7.2 6.5 6.1 6.3 8.5 8.5


16

Table-III Analysis Results of Heavy metals and Pesticides in water samples in

October 2016

(Nangal Wetland)

Field

Observations

Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W Nangal

Right Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

River

Sutlej D/S

Nangal

Barrage

River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

5. Trace Metals (mg/l)

i) Arsenic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

ii) Nickel BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

iii) Copper BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

iv) Mercury BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

v) Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vi) Cadmium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vii) Zinc 0.12 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.14 0.19

viii) Lead BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

ix) Iron 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.17

6. Pesticides (µg/l)

i) Alpha HCH

(µg/l)

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

ii) Beta HCH

(µg/l)


iii) Gama HCH

(µg/l)


iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vii) Alpha

Endosulphan

(µg/l)


viii) Beta

Endosulphan

(µg/l)


ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

xii) Endrin

Aldehyde(µg/l)


xiii) Methyl

Parathion (µg/l)



17

Table-IV Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediment samples in October, 2016

( Nangal Wetland)

1. Field

Observations

Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W Nangal

Right Bank

of Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

River Sutlej D/S

Nangal Barrage River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

Co-

ordinates

Longitude N 31o23'

51.754" N 31o23'

36.308" N 31o23'

27.368" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o21'

03.124" N 31o20'

59.921"

Latitude E 76o 22'

8.360" E 76o 22'

05.163"

E 76o 21'

50.779"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 22'

4.904"

E 76o 22'

4.048"


ii) Approximate

depth of main

stream/depth of

water table

0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m

iii) pH 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.3

iv) Conductivity

µS/cm

66.3 30.0 32.0 80.0 27.0 61.5 82.0

v) Chloride µg/gm 50 10 0 100 0 40 60

vi) Sulphate µg/gm 100 0 20 320 0 80 280

vii) Calcium µg/gm 480 320 308 308 308 498 298

Viii) Magnesium

µg/gm

156 108 110 116 110 114 64

Trace Metals

i) Nickel (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL ii) Chromium

(mg/gm)


iii) Cadmium

(mg/gm)


iv) Zinc (mg/gm) 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.08

v) Lead (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Pesticides

(µg/gm)

i) Alpha HCH

(µg/l)


ii) Beta HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) Gama HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vii) Alpha

Endosulphan

(µg/l)


viii) Beta Endosulphan

(µg/l)


ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xii) Endrin

Aldehyde(µg/l)


xiii) Methyl Parathion

(µg/l)



18

Table-II Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Biological, in water samples in

April, 2017

(Nangal Wetland) 1. Field Observations Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W Nangal

Right Bank

of Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

River Sutlej

D/S Nangal

Barrage

River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

Co-

ordinates

Latitude N 31o23'

51.754" N 31o23'

36.308" N 31o23'

27.368" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o21'

03.124" N 31o20'

59.921"

Longitude E 76o 22'

8.360" E 76o 22'

05.163"

E 76o 21'

50.779"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 22'

4.904"

E 76o 22'

4.048"


ii) Approximate depth of

main stream/depth of

water table

0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m

iii) Colour and intensity Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless

iv) Odor odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless odourless

v) Visible effluent

discharge

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Effluent

discharge from

M/s NFL –

once through cooling

Nil

vi) Human activities

around station.

Human

activities –

Nil,

Migratory

birds seen

Human

activities –

Nil,

Fishing was

done

Human

activities –

Nil,

Human

activities –

Nil, Mandir

at the bank

Human

activities –

Nil,

Human

activities –

Nil,

Human

activities –

Nil,

2. Core Parameters

i) Temperature

(Air/Water) in oC

35/22 34/21 34/22 32/21 33/17 32/22 31/17

ii) pH 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.7

iii) Conductivity µS/cm 284 295 287 286 284 299 318

iv) DO (mg/l) 8.4 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.5 7.8 7.8

v) BOD (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) Nitrate-N (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

vii) Ammonia-N (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8

viii) Total Coli MPN/100 ml 170 320 280 210 220 240 280

ix) Faecal Coli MPN/100 ml 70 130 110 79 63 79 94

3. Bio Monitoring

i) Saprobity Index 5.5 - - - 3.0 2.6 2.5

ii) Diversity Index 0.4 - - - 0.4 0.4 0.3

4. General Parameters i) COD (mg/l) 1.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.8 4.0

ii) TKN 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2

iii) TDS (mg/l) 168 172 169 164 162 179 196

iv) TFS (mg/l) 157 160 158 156 154 168 184

v) TSS (mg/l) 4 6 4 5 4 10 14

vi) Turbidity (NTU) 9 12 8 9 11 15 19

vii) Total Hardness (mg/l) 68 70 66 68 72 76 94

viii) Fluoride (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

ix) Boron (mg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

x) Chloride (mg/l) 11 13 12 12 11 19 26

xi) Sulphate (mg/l) 8 10 9 10 9 12 13

xii) T. Alkalinity (mg/l) 52 48 54 56 54 58 84

xiii) P-Alkalinity (mg/l) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil xiv) Phosphate (mg/l) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

xv) Sodium (mg/l) 8 10 12 14 16 18 18

xvi) Potassium (mg/l) 1.40 1.65 1.85 2.02 2.18 2.24 2.30

xvii) Calcium (mg/l) 43 20 23 24 25 16 22

xviii) Magnesium (mg/l) 3.0 6.0 4.8 6.0 5.6 7.0 8.6


19

Table-III Analysis Results of Heavy metals and Pesticides in water samples in

April, 2017

(Nangal Wetland)

Field

Observations

Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W Nangal

Right Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

River

Sutlej D/S

Nangal

Barrage

River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

5. Trace Metals (mg/l)

i) Arsenic BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

ii) Nickel BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

iii) Copper BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

iv) Mercury BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

v) Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vi) Cadmium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vii) Zinc BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.10 0.11 0.13

viii) Lead BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

ix) Iron BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.17 0.19 0.18

6. Pesticides (µg/l)

i) Alpha HCH

(µg/l)


ii) Beta HCH

(µg/l)


iii) Gama HCH

(µg/l)


iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

vii) Alpha

Endosulphan

(µg/l)


viii) Beta

Endosulphan

(µg/l)


ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

xii) Endrin

Aldehyde(µg/l)


xiii) Methyl

Parathion (µg/l)



20

Table-IV Analysis Results of Physico-Chemical, Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediment samples in April 2017

( Nangal Wetland)

1. Field

Observations

Sutlej at 100

mts, u/s of

H/W Nangal

Right Bank

of Nangal

reservoir

Left Bank of

Nangal

reservoir

River Sutlej D/S

Nangal Barrage River Sutlej

U/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S NFL

River Sutlej

D/S PACL

Co-

ordinates

Longitude N 31o23'

51.754" N 31o23'

36.308" N 31o23'

27.368" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o22'

33.734" N 31o21'

03.124" N 31o20'

59.921"

Latitude E 76o 22'

8.360" E 76o 22'

05.163"

E 76o 21'

50.779"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 21'

52.797"

E 76o 22'

4.904"

E 76o 22'

4.048"


ii) Approximate

depth of main

stream/depth of

water table

0.5m 0.6m 0.5m 0.5m 0.4m 0.3m 0.3m

iii) pH 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.4

iv) Conductivity

µS/cm

69 82 82 70 80 76 74

v) Chloride µg/gm 80 92 90 78 82 82 80

vi) Sulphate µg/gm 70 76 74 72 76 76 74

vii) Calcium µg/gm 460 490 480 490 480 510 504

Viii) Magnesium

µg/gm

154 160 154 164 160 162 160

Trace Metals

i) Nickel (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL ii) Chromium

(mg/gm)


iii) Cadmium

(mg/gm)


iv) Zinc (mg/gm) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02

v) Lead (mg/gm) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Pesticides

(µg/gm)

i) Alpha HCH

(µg/l)


ii) Beta HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iii) Gama HCH (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL iv) 4,4' DDT (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL v) 4,4' DDE (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vi) 4,4' DDD (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL vii) Alpha

Endosulphan

(µg/l)



(µg/l)


ix) Dieldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL x) Aldrin (µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xi) Endrin(µg/l) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL xii) Endrin

Aldehyde(µg/l)



(µg/l)



21

Annexure-I

Monitoring Protocol for Water and Sediment Samples

S.No. Parameters to be Monitored Frequency

1 Water Samples Twice (October & April)

a Field Oservations Twice (October & April)

b Core Observations Twice (October & April)

c General Parameters Twice (October & April)

d Bio Monitoring Twice (October & April)

e Trace Metals Twice (October & April)

f Pesticides Twice (October & April)

2 Sediment Samples Twice (October & April)

a General Parameters, Trace Metals&

Pesticides

Twice (October & April)


22

Annexure-II

Parameters analysed in the Water Samples

1. Field Observations i) Weather

ii) Approximate depth of main stream/depth of water table

iii) Colour and intensity

iv) Odor

v) Visible effluent discharge

vi) Human activities around station.

2. Core Parameters i) Temperature (Air/Water)

ii) pH

iii) Conductivity

iv) DO

v) BOD

vi) Nitrate-N

vii) Ammonia-N

viii) Total Coliform

ix) Faecal Coliform

3. Bio Monitoring i) Saprobity Index

ii) Diversity Index

4. General Parameters i) COD

ii) TKN

iii) Total Dissolved Solids

iv) Total Fixed Solids

v) Total Suspended Solids

vi) Turbidity

vii) Hardness

viii) Fluoride

ix) Boron

x) Chloride

xi) Sulphate

xii) Total Alkalinity

xiii) P-Alkalinity

xiv) Phosphate

xv) Sodium

xvi) Potassium

xvii) Calcium

xviii) Magnesium

5. Trace Metals

i) Arsenic

ii) Nickel

iii) Copper

iv) Mercury

Annexure-II


23

Parameters analysed in the Water Samples

v) Chromium

vi) Cadmium

vii) Zinc

viii) Lead

ix) Iron 6. Pesticides i) Alpha HCH ii) Beta HCH iii) Gama HCH iv) 4,4' DDT v) 4,4' DDE vi) 4,4' DDD vii) Alpha Endosulphan viii) Beta Endosulphan ix) Dieldrin x) Aldrin xi) Endrin xii) Endrin Aldehyde xiii) Methyl Parathion


24

Annexure-III Parameters analysed in the Sediment Samples

1. Field Observations i) Weather

ii) Approximate depth of main stream/depth of water table

2. Core Parameters ii) pH

iii) Conductivity

iv) Chloride

v) Sulphate

vi) Calcium

vii) Magnesium

3. Trace Metals

i) Nickel

ii) Chromium

iii) Cadmium

iv) Zinc

v) Lead

4. Pesticides

i) Alpha HCH

ii) Beta HCH

iii) Gama HCH

iv) 4,4' DDT

v) 4,4' DDE

vi) 4,4' DDD

vii) Alpha Endosulphan


ix) Dieldrin

x) Aldrin

xi) Endrin

xii) Endrin Aldehyde


*************