Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Wetland Delineation and Soil Analysis
Carbondale Nature Park
Carbondale, Colorado
Prepared by
Ryan Sparhawk
North Carolina State University
Wetland Soils 556
Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Study Area............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Wetland Delineation Methods ................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Literature Review.................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Delineation Methods ............................................................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Vegetation .................................................................................................................... 2
2.2.2 Soils............................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 Hydrology ...................................................................................................................... 4
3. Results...................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Vegetation............................................................................................................................. 4
3.3 Soils ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 Hydrology.............................................................................................................................. 7
3.5 Wetland Description ............................................................................................................. 8
4. References .................................................................................................................................. 8
Table 1 – SP-1, Upland Plot, Soil Horizons………………………………………………………………….………………6
Table 2 – SP-2, Wetland Plot, Soil Horizons…………………………………………………………………………….….7
Appendix A – Wetland Delineation Forms
Appendix B – Soil Profile Forms
Appendix C – NRCS Official Soil Description
Appendix D – Photos
Figure 1 – Carbondale Nature Park Site Overview Map
Figure 2 – NRCS Soil Survey Map
Figure 3 – Carbondale Nature Park Delineation Map
1
1. Introduction
Ryan Sparhawk contacted Jeff Jackel, Director of Recreation and Facilities, with the Town of
Carbondale, Colorado, to conduct a wetland delineation, soil survey and report as part of
requirements for graduate course work. The final report is part of requirements for completing
a course on Wetland Soils from North Carolina State University (Wetland Soils - SSC 570). Mr.
Jackel suggested conducting wetland studies at the Carbondale Nature Park (Delaney Property)
where wetland delineations had previously occurred, and update wetland boundaries with the
intention of expanding available parking on the site. The following report details findings of the
wetland delineation and soils survey conducted at the Carbondale Nature Park (Survey Area).
1.1 Study Objectives
The purpose of this wetland study was to describe soils and determine if and where wetlands
occur at the Survey Area based on the U.S. Army Corp of Engineer’s (USACE). The USACE
definition for wetlands is stated as “those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
groundwater, at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil
conditions”. Identification of wetlands is based on three determining factors – presence of
hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology.
1.2 Study Area
The Carbondale Nature Park is a 33.3 acre parcel located at the northeast corner of the town of
Carbondale, Garfield County, Colorado (Figure 1). The Survey Area is located in the southern
portion of the Nature Park and comprises approximately 1.6 acres (Figure 2, 3). The property is
currently used as a nature/dog walking area.
Flood irrigation had taken place throughout the property until approximately 2010 and
previous wetland delineations had categorized much of the property as wetlands. One aspect
of this wetland delineation is to compare previously mapped boundaries to updated boundaries
and determine if wetland boundaries had increased, remained the same, or decreased from
previous delineations.
The Survey Area is geographically associated with flood plains and low terraces linked with the
Roaring Fork River watershed. One irrigation ditch/stream feature is located in the
southwestern portion of the Survey Area and drains north to the Roaring Fork River.
2. Wetland Delineation Methods
The methods used to delineate wetlands occurring within the Survey Area are described within
subsections 2.1 through 2.2.
2
2.1 Literature Review
Prior to conducting field investigations at the Survey Area, information regarding the area was
reviewed. This included aerial photography, historical reports, and relevant technical literature
including;
U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS),
Web Soil Survey of Aspen-Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield and Pitkin
Counties (2015),
USDA, NRCS, Keys to Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014),
USDA, NRCS, Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils (USDA, 2012),
USDA, NRCS, Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, A Guide for Identifying
and Delineating Hydric Soils, Version 7.0 (2010),
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Wetland Inventory (NWI), online
Wetlands Mapper (2015) tool,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers
Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (2010),
Rocky Mountain Ecological Services, Inc., Delaney Property Ecological Conditions Report
(2007).
2.2 Delineation Methods
The wetland delineation for the Survey Area was conducted on August 1st, 2015 by Ryan
Sparhawk. This wetland delineation was conducted in accordance with methodology set forth
in the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (USACE, 1987) and the USACE Regional
Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual for the Western Mountains,
Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0) (USACE, 2010).
Potential wetland boundaries were initially determined by visual observation for presence of
hydrophytic vegetation and hydrology. Once a preliminary boundary was established, a more
detailed investigation of soils, vegetation and hydrology was conducted to determine the
wetland boundary. The detailed study included use of a set of paired sample plots; one in a
wetland setting, and the other in upland location. Data were collected from each of these
sample plots and they are provided in Appendix A. Based upon field investigations of the three
wetland indicators (hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology), a wetland
boundary was established and then mapped.
2.2.1 Vegetation
Hydrophytic vegetation is defined by plant life that occurs in areas where inundation or soil
saturation is either permanent or of sufficient frequency and duration to influence plant species
distribution (USACE, 2010). Hydrophytic plant species have the ability to persist in anaerobic
conditions. Analysis for hydrophytes and non-hydrophytes involved evaluation of plant
3
dominance at each of the sample plots for each of four vegetative strata (herbaceous, shrub,
tree, and woody vine). The wetland indicator status for each dominant plant species (i.e.,
likelihood of the plant occurring in wetlands) was then determined. Designations for
hydrophytic vegetation indicator status are:
Obligate Wetland (OBL): Almost always occurs in wetlands (>99%).
Facultative Wetland (FACW): Usually occurs in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands
(67-99%).
Facultative (FAC): Occur in wetlands and non-wetlands (34-66%).
Facultative Upland (FACU): Usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands (1-
33%).
Obligate Upland (UPL): Almost never occur in wetlands (<1%).
No Indicator (NI): Reviewed, but insufficient information available to determine
indicator status.
Generally, hydrophytes dominate a sample plot when greater than 50 percent of the species
occurring are OBL, FACW, and/or FAC. The sample plot is then determined to have hydrophytic
vegetation, and meets the USACE criteria for wetland status. Sample plots are considered non-
wetland when it is dominated by upland plant species - FACU, UPL, and NI. Dominance and
locations of wetland vegetation were used in delineating the wetland boundaries at the Survey
Area.
The common and scientific plant names and indicator status used in this report are based on
Field Guide to Colorado’s Wetland Plants (Culver, Lemly, 2013).
2.2.2 Soils
Hydric soils are defined as “soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or
ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper
part” (USACE, 2010). Soils are not considered to be hydric solely based on saturation. Saturated
soils can still contain oxygen and not develop indicators associated with anaerobic chemical
reactions. Hydric soils will have features that anaerobic conditions were present and oxidation-
reduction reactions have occurred. Common features or “hydric soil field indicators” associated
with soils occurring in saturated and anaerobic conditions, occurring at the Study Area, are loss
or accumulation of iron, and/or accumulation of organic matter.
In the field, soil pedons were described at the two sample plots by manually excavating a pit
using a shovel to at least 20 inches below ground surface (bgs), or until refusal, whichever was
encountered first. The following characteristics were recorded in the field at each soil sample
site (Appendix B):
- Drainage class - Structure
- Slope range - Color
4
- Parent material - Texture
- Vegetation and land use - Coarse fragment content
- Topography and position - Carbonates
- Aspect - Clay films
- Permeability - Effervescence
- Redoximorphic Features
- Kind, thickness and horizon arrangement
Profile descriptions from the two soil pits in the Study Area were used to classify soils to family
level and then correlated to official NRCS soil series (Appendix C). Representative photographs
of the soil profiles and sample sites are presented in Appendix D.
2.2.3 Hydrology
Wetland Hydrology is the “constant or recurrent, shallow inundation or saturation at or near
the surface of the soil” and is the controlling factor of wetland development. The timing and
duration of inundation is what maintains wetlands and what characterizes each type (Culver
and Lemly, 2013). Soils must be saturated or inundated to at least 12 inches below soil surface
for approximately 14 consecutive days of the growing season, and be anaerobic, in order to
influence hydrophytic vegetative growth and development of hydric soils.
There are twenty primary indicators and nine secondary wetland hydrology indicators occurring
in the Western Mountain Region (USACE, 2010). These hydrological characteristics were
assessed at the sample plots to determine presence of wetland hydrology.
3. Results
This section describes findings from the wetland investigations conducted at the Survey Area in
the southwest portion of the Carbondale Nature Park during August 2015. Results from both
Upland Plot SP-1 and Wetland Plot SP-2, and descriptions of findings for vegetation, soils and
hydrology are presented and described. Photos of the general landscape and survey plots are
presented in Appendix D.
3.1 Vegetation
Dominant vegetative species found Upland Plot SP-1 and Wetland Plot SP-2 are presented
below:
SP-1 (Upland)
Species Dominant Wetland Indicator Status
Poa pratensis Yes FACU
Juncus confusus Yes FAC
5
Pseudoroegneria spicata Yes UPL
Trifolium pratense No FACU
Cirsium arvense No FAC
SP-2 (Wetland)
Species Dominant Wetland Indicator Status
Phalaris arundinacea Yes FACW
Carex aquatilis Yes OBL
Juncus balticus No FACW
Field investigations for vegetation at Upland Plot SP-1 found less than 50 percent of the
dominant species in the plot were OBL, FACW, or FAC, thus failing the USACE dominance test
for wetland vegetation. Upland Plot SP-1 also failed the prevalence index for hydrophytic
vegetation and no other hydrophytic vegetation indicators were observed. Based on these
findings, Upland Plot SP-1 does not meet criteria for having hydrophytic vegetation (Appendix
A).
Wetland Plot SP-2 does pass the dominance test for hydrophytic vegetation (100% percent of
dominant species were OBL, FACW, or FAC) and, therefore, it meets criteria for USACE wetland
vegetation.
3.3 Soils
According to the Soil Survey of Aspen-Gypsum Area, Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield and Pitkin
Counties (NRCS, 2015), two soil map units occur within the Study Area – Redrob Loam, 1 to 6
percent slopes and Dahlquist-Southace Complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes (Appendix C). Neither
of these soil map units occur on the National Hydric Soil List.
Redrob loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes
Redrob soils are very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils with moderate permeability in the
solum and rapid permeability in substratum, and a depth to gravel which is moderately deep.
These soils formed in mixed alluvium located on low terraces and flood plains. Typically, the
surface layer is a dark grayish brown loam about 14 inches thick with textures ranging from
stony loam to stony and cobbly loamy sand and sand to 60 inches. Taxonomic class of the
Redrob series is; Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid
Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls (NRCS, 2015).
6
Dahlquist-Southace Complex, 25 to 50 percent slopes
This map unit occurs on alluvial fans, terraces, and terrace side slopes. Average annual
precipitation is 12 to 16 inches and average annual air temperature is 42 to 46 degrees F. This
unit is about 40 percent Dahlquist soil and 35 percent Southace soil (NRCS, 2015).
Dahlquist soils are very deep, well drained soils with moderate permeability formed in
calcareous, cobbly, and gravelly alluvium located on piedmonts, fan aprons, and footslopes.
Typically, the surface layer is brown cobbly sandy loam about 6 inches thick, with very cobbly
sandy loams to a depth of 60 inches. Taxonomic class of the Dahlquist series is; Loamy-skeletal,
mixed, superacative, frigid Ustic Calciargids (NRCS, 2015).
Southace soils are deep, well drained soils with moderate to moderately rapid permeability
formed in calcareous gravelly slope alluvium derived from red sedimentary rocks located on
upper fan aprons, terrace slopes, and mountain or hill slopes. Typically, the surface layer is
brown very stony sandy loam about 3 inches thick and textures ranging from very stony sandy
loam to extremely stony loamy coarse sand to 60 inches. Taxonomic class of the Southace soils
is; Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Ustic Torriorthents (NRCS, 2015).
Upland Plot SP-1 was dug to depth of 34 inches before reaching refusal defined by a high course
fragment content. A full profile description was conducted and the soil classifies out as a
Fluvaquentic Endoaquoll, which is what is mapped by the NRCS and has similarities to the
Redrob series (Appendix B). Table 1 details soil horizons and redoximorphic features observed.
Table 1. SP-1, Upland Plot, Soil Horizons
Depth(in)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color(moist)
% Color(moist)
% Type Location
0-5 10YR 2/2 100 - - - - Loam
5-12 10YR 2/2 90 10YR 5/2 10 Depletion Matrix Silt Loam
12-22 10YR 3/2 88 10YR 5/1 10 Depletion Matrix Clay Loam
12-22 - - 10YR 4/6 2 Concentrations Matrix -
22-34 10YR 4/3 45 10YR 6/2 40 Depletions Matrix SiltLoam/ClayLoam
22-34 - - 10YR 4/6 5 Concentrations Matrix -
SP-1 has very dark brown (10YR 2/2) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) soil colors in the
upper horizons and redox features present (iron depletions and concentrations) in the matrix,
but does not meet indicator A12 (Thick Dark Surface) or indicator F7 (Depleted Dark Surface),
for hydric soils (NRCS, 2010). Soil color chroma is not dark enough in the upper horizons to
meet indicator A12, and chroma is not dark enough and percent of depletions in the 5-12 inch
7
horizon are not above 20% and does not meet indicator F7. Based on these findings, hydric soil
is not present based on USACE requirements.
Wetland Plot SP-2 was dug to a depth of 20 inches before reaching refusal due to high course
fragment content. This soil also classifies as a Fluvaquentic Endoaquoll and is similar to the
Redrob series described by the NRCS (Appendix B, C). This soil meets the criteria for Hydric soil
Indicator A12 (Thick Dark Surface) – A layer at least 6 inches thick with a depleted matrix that
has 60% or more chroma 2 or less starting below 12 inches from the surface (NRCS, 2010). Plot
SP-2 meets requirements for hydric soils and is considered wetland soils. Table 2 details soil
horizons and textures observed.
Table 2. SP-2, Wetland Plot, Soil Horizons
Depth(in)
Matrix Redox Features Texture
Color(moist)
% Color(moist)
% Type Location
0-14 10YR 2/1 100 - - - - Loam
14-20 7.5YR 5/1 100 - - - - Silt Loam
3.4 Hydrology
The primary source of hydrology at the Survey Area is groundwater and the irrigation
ditch/stream feature occurring on the western edge of the Study Area. Groundwater was
encountered at 28 inches bgs at Upland Plot SP-1 with soil saturation occurring at 24 inches bgs
(Appendix B). Depth to groundwater at SP-2 was 10 inches bgs and soil saturation occurring at
two inches bgs. SP-1 is topographically higher than SP-2 and is evident by depth to groundwater
and hydrologic indicators.
Although groundwater was encountered in Upland plot SP-1, there was no evidence that
saturation occurred a depth as shallow as 12 inches bgs as required by the Army Corp of
Engineers to meet wetland hydrology. No other wetland hydrology indicators were observed,
and thus does not meet wetland hydrology as set forth by the USACE.
Wetland Pit SP-2, is located at a lower elevation occurring near the irrigation ditch/stream
feature and did have wetland hydrology indicators present. Indicators included high water
table (depth to groundwater ten inches bgs), saturation (two to ten inches bgs), aquatic
invertebrates (1/4 inch snails), and geomorphic position. Based on these indicators, SP-2 meets
the USACE requirements for wetland hydrology.
8
3.5 Wetland Description
No wetland indicators were met at Upland Plot SP-1 and it was determined that the area is not
a wetland based on USACE requirements. Although the area had previously been mapped as a
wetland, it is believed that hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils and hydrology found in previous
studies were influenced by past irrigation practices. As observed, soils nearly meet hydric status
requirements and may contain relict hydric soil indicators. Further hydrologic investigations,
including groundwater monitoring wells or piezometers, would be recommended to determine
groundwater depths and effects on hydric soil development.
All three wetland criteria (hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology) were
met at Wetland Plot SP-2. Based on these data, it was determined that wetlands were present
and they were mapped based upon field observations of dominant hydrophytic vegetation and
geographic position. Of the 1.6 acres occurring in the overall Study Area, 0.4 acres are a
palustrine wetland with primarily emergent vegetation (USFWS, 2015) occurring along the
irrigation ditch/stream feature. This palustrine emergent wetland defines the western margin
of the Survey Area (Figure 3).
4. References
Culver, D. R., Lemly, J. M. 2013. Field Guide to Colorado’s Wetland Plants, Identification, Ecology
and Conservation. Fort Collins, Colorado: Warner College of Natural History, Colorado
State University.
Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS). 2015. Soil Survey of Aspen-Gypsum Area,
Colorado, Parts of Eagle, Garfield and Pitkin Counties. Web Soil Survey, available at:
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx
_____. 2012. Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, A Guide for Identifying and
Delineating Hydric Soils, Version 7.0.
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual.
Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS.
_____. 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual:
Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0). Ed. J. S. Wakeley, R. W.
Lichvar, and C. V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-08-13. U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
U.S Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS). (2015). National Wetland Inventory: Classification of
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. Available at:
http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/
Appendix A
Wetland Delineation Forms
Appendix B
Soil Profile Forms
Appendix C
NRCS Official Soil Descriptions
LOCATIONDAHLQUIST
WY+UT
Est
abli
shed
Ser
ies
Rev
.PS
D/M
CS
06/2
002
DA
HL
QU
IST
SE
RIE
S
Th
eD
ahlq
uis
tse
ries
cons
ists
of
very
dee
p,
wel
ld
rain
edso
ils
that
form
edin
calc
areo
us,
cob
bly
,and
gra
vel
lyal
luv
ium
.Dah
lqui
stso
ils
are
on
fan
pied
mo
nts
,fa
nap
ron
s,an
dfo
otsl
opes
.S
lop
esar
e0
to5
0pe
rcen
t.T
he
mea
nan
nua
lp
reci
pit
atio
nis
abo
ut
11in
ches
,an
dth
em
ean
ann
ual
tem
per
atu
reis
abo
ut
41
deg
rees
F.
TA
XO
NO
MIC
CL
AS
S:
Lo
amy
-sk
elet
al,
mix
ed,s
up
erac
tive
,fri
gid
Ust
icC
alci
argi
ds
TY
PIC
AL
PE
DO
N:
Dah
lqui
stco
bb
lysa
ndy
loam
-ran
gel
and
.(C
olo
rsar
efo
rd
ryso
ilu
nle
sso
ther
wis
est
ated
.)
A--
0to
4in
ches
;p
ink
ish
gra
y(7
.5Y
R6/
2)
cobb
lysa
nd
ylo
am,
bro
wn
(7.5
YR
4/2
)m
oist
;w
eak
fine
and
ver
yfi
ne
gra
nu
lar
stru
ctu
re;
soft
,ve
ry
fria
ble
;m
any
ver
yfi
ne,
fin
ean
dm
ediu
mro
ots
and
com
mon
coar
sero
ots
;15
per
cen
tco
bble
s,1
5p
erce
nt
peb
ble
s;sl
igh
tly
alk
alin
e(p
H7
.6);
clea
r
smo
oth
bou
nda
ry.
(3to
5in
ches
thic
k)
Bw
--4
to7
inch
es;
pin
kis
hgr
ay(7
.5Y
R6
/2)
ver
yco
bbly
san
dy
loam
,b
row
n(7
.5Y
R4
/2)
moi
st;
wea
km
ediu
msu
ban
gul
arb
lock
yst
ruct
ure
that
part
sto
mo
dera
tefi
ne
gra
nu
lar;
slig
htl
yh
ard
,ver
yfr
iab
le;
man
yv
ery
fin
e,fi
ne,
and
med
ium
and
com
mo
nco
arse
roo
ts;
20
per
cent
cob
bles
,20
perc
ent
peb
ble
s;sl
igh
tly
alk
alin
e(p
H7
.6);
clea
rsm
oo
thb
ou
ndar
y.(2
to4
inch
esth
ick
)
Bt-
-7to
14in
ches
;br
own
(7.5
YR
5/3
)ve
ryco
bb
lysa
ndy
clay
loam
,bro
wn
(7.5
YR
4/3
)m
oist
;m
oder
ate
med
ium
pri
smat
icst
ruct
ure
that
par
tsto
mo
der
ate
med
ium
sub
ang
ula
rb
lock
y;h
ard
,fri
able
,sl
ight
lyst
icky
and
slig
htl
yp
last
ic;
man
yfi
ne
and
med
ium
,fe
wco
arse
root
s;co
mm
on
thin
clay
film
so
nfa
ces
of
ped
s,cl
aybr
idg
ing
betw
een
san
dg
ain
san
dcl
ayco
atin
gso
nro
ckfr
agm
ents
;20
per
cen
tco
bble
s,2
0pe
rcen
tp
ebb
les;
slig
htl
y
alka
lin
e(p
H7
.8);
clea
rsm
ooth
bo
und
ary.
(6to
15in
ches
thic
k)
Btk
--1
4to
20in
ches
;b
row
n(7
.5Y
R5
/4)
cobb
lysa
nd
ycl
aylo
am,
bro
wn
(7.5
YR
4/4
)m
ois
t;w
eak
med
ium
sub
ang
ula
rb
lock
yst
ruct
ure;
slig
htl
y
hard
,ver
yfr
iab
le,
slig
htl
yst
ick
yan
dsl
igh
tly
pla
stic
;co
mm
on
fin
ean
dfe
wm
ediu
mro
ots
;co
mm
on
thin
clay
film
so
nfa
ces
of
peds
;st
ron
gly
effe
rves
cent
,co
mm
onfi
ne
and
med
ium
soft
mas
ses
and
thre
ads
and
asco
atin
gso
nu
nd
ersi
de
of
rock
frag
men
ts;
30
perc
ent
cob
ble
s,2
5p
erce
nt
pebb
les;
mod
erat
ely
alka
lin
e(p
H8
.4);
clea
rw
avy
bou
nd
ary.
(4to
6in
ches
thic
k)
Bk
--2
0to
60
inch
es;
lig
htb
row
n(7
.5Y
R6/
4)
extr
emel
yco
bbly
san
dy
loam
that
gra
des
tov
ery
cob
bly
loam
ysa
nd
wit
hin
crea
sin
gd
epth
,b
row
n
(7.5
YR
5/4
)m
ois
t;m
assi
ve
gra
din
gto
sing
legr
ain
edin
the
low
erp
art;
soft
,ve
ryfr
iab
le,
few
fine
roo
tsto
28in
ches
;st
ron
gly
effe
rves
cen
t,
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-D
AH
LQ
UIS
TS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/D
/DA
HL
QU
IST
.htm
l
1o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
com
mo
nfi
nean
dm
ediu
mso
ftm
asse
s,se
ams,
and
coat
ing
so
nal
lsi
des
of
rock
frag
men
ts;
40
per
cent
cob
bles
,30
per
cen
tp
ebb
les,
and
few
sto
nes
;
mo
der
atel
yal
kal
ine
(pH
8.4
).
TY
PE
LO
CA
TIO
N:
Uin
taC
oun
ty,
Wy
om
ing
;1
30
feet
east
of
the
firs
tp
ow
erp
ole
no
rth
of
the
SW
corn
erof
sec.
7,
T.
15N
.,R
.11
4W
.
RA
NG
EIN
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S:
Dep
thto
bas
eo
fth
ear
gill
ich
oriz
on
is1
5to
30
inch
es.
Dep
thto
con
tinu
ou
sh
ori
zon
so
fse
con
dar
yca
lciu
m
carb
ona
teac
cum
ula
tio
nis
10to
24
inch
es.
Th
em
ean
ann
ual
soil
tem
pera
ture
isab
out
40to
47
degr
ees
F.T
he
mea
nsu
mm
erso
ilte
mp
erat
ure
is
abou
t59
to6
6de
gree
sF.
Th
eA
hor
izo
nh
ash
ue
of
10Y
Ro
r7
.5Y
R,v
alu
eof
5o
r6
dry
,3th
rou
gh
5m
oist
,an
dch
rom
ao
f2
or
3.
Ith
as1
0to
25p
erce
nt
cobb
les
and
10
to2
0
perc
ent
gra
vel
.T
his
hori
zon
isn
eutr
alo
rm
ildl
yal
kal
ine.
Th
eB
th
ori
zon
has
hue
of
10Y
Rth
rou
gh5
YR
,va
lue
of
5o
r6
dry,
4o
r5
mo
ist,
and
chro
ma
of2
thro
ug
h4
.T
hefi
ne
eart
hfr
acti
on
iscl
aylo
amo
r
sand
ycl
aylo
aman
dav
erag
es20
to3
5p
erce
nt
clay
and
mo
reth
an3
5pe
rcen
tfi
ne
sand
or
coar
ser.
Ro
ckfr
agm
ents
are
grea
ter
than
35
per
cent
and
are
10
to2
5p
erce
ntco
bble
s,10
to3
5pe
rcen
tg
rav
el,
and
0to
25
perc
ent
ston
es.
Itis
neu
tral
thro
ug
hm
ode
rate
lyal
kal
ine.
Th
eB
tkh
oriz
on
has
hu
eo
f10
YR
thro
ugh
5YR
,val
ue
of5
or
6d
ry,4
or
5m
ois
t,an
dch
rom
ao
f2
thro
ug
h4
.T
he
fin
eea
rth
frac
tion
islo
amo
r
sand
ylo
aman
dav
erag
es5
to1
8p
erce
nt
clay
.R
ock
frag
men
tsar
eg
reat
erth
an35
per
cen
tan
dar
e1
0to
50
per
cen
tco
bb
les,
10
to45
per
cen
tgr
avel
,
and
0to
25
perc
ent
ston
es.
Th
eB
kh
ori
zon
has
hue
of
10Y
Ro
r7
.5Y
R,
valu
eo
f5
thro
ugh
7d
ry,4
thro
ug
h6
moi
st,
and
chro
ma
of
2th
roug
h6
.Acc
um
ulat
edca
lciu
m
carb
ona
tera
nges
fro
m5
to1
4pe
rcen
t.T
he
upp
erp
art
ofth
ish
ori
zon
isv
ery
cob
bly
san
dylo
amo
rlo
am,b
ut
itgr
ades
toex
trem
ely
cob
bly
loam
y
sand
or
cobb
lean
dsa
nd
inth
elo
wer
par
t.T
his
ho
rizo
nis
5to
18
perc
ent
clay
inth
eu
pper
par
tan
d0
to5
per
cen
tin
the
low
erp
art.
Ith
as10
to6
0
perc
ent
cob
ble
s,2
5to
45
per
cent
peb
bles
,an
d0
to1
5p
erce
nt
ston
es.
Itis
mo
der
atel
yo
rst
ron
gly
alk
alin
e.C
ho
rizo
ns
are
com
mo
nin
man
ype
do
ns
inth
elo
wer
par
tof
the
30
to6
0in
ches
of
the
pro
file
.
CO
MP
ET
ING
SE
RIE
S:
Th
ese
are
the
Am
alia
,L
upi
nto
,an
dT
wo
cab
inse
ries
.A
mal
iaso
ils
lack
cob
ble
and
rece
ive
thei
rp
reci
pit
atio
nin
the
sum
mer
and
autu
mn.
Lu
pin
toso
ils
hav
eth
eba
seo
fth
ear
gil
lic
hori
zon
at1
0in
ches
orle
ss.T
wo
cab
inso
ils
have
aca
lcic
ho
rizo
nw
ith
mo
reth
an1
5
perc
ent
calc
ium
carb
onat
eeq
uiv
alen
t..
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICS
ET
TIN
G:
Dah
lqu
ist
soil
sar
eo
nfa
np
iedm
ont
s,al
luv
ial
fan
s,o
rfo
ots
lop
es.
Slo
pes
are
0to
50
per
cent
.T
he
soil
sfo
rmed
in
calc
areo
us
cob
bly
and
grav
elly
allu
viu
m.E
lev
atio
nis
5,5
00
to7
,50
0fe
et.T
he
mea
nan
nu
alp
reci
pit
atio
nis
abou
t10
to1
4in
ches
and
occ
urs
mai
nly
inth
ew
inte
ran
dsp
rin
g.
Th
em
ean
annu
alte
mp
erat
ure
isab
ou
t3
9to
45
deg
rees
F.,
and
the
mea
nsu
mm
erte
mp
erat
ure
is5
8to
65
deg
rees
F.T
he
fro
st-f
ree
seas
on
is8
5to
12
0d
ays.
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICA
LL
YA
SS
OC
IAT
ED
SO
ILS
:T
hes
ear
eth
eco
mp
etin
gA
lco
va,
Bo
sler
,an
dM
illb
urn
eso
ils
and
the
Mic
hels
on
soil
s.M
ich
elso
n
soil
sar
ecr
yic
.
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-D
AH
LQ
UIS
TS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/D
/DA
HL
QU
IST
.htm
l
2o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
DR
AIN
AG
EA
ND
PE
RM
EA
BIL
ITY
:W
ell
dra
ined
.Un
der
irri
gati
on
thes
eso
ils
are
satu
rate
dat
tim
esfr
om
exce
ssiv
eu
seo
fir
rig
atio
nw
ater
.
Slo
wru
no
ff;
mo
der
ate
ove
rra
pid
per
mea
bili
ty.
US
EA
ND
VE
GE
TA
TIO
N:
Th
ese
soil
sar
eus
edp
rin
cip
ally
for
ran
ge.
Lar
gear
eas
are
irri
gat
edfo
rth
epr
od
uct
ion
ofh
ayan
dp
astu
re.
Veg
etat
ion
isb
igsa
geb
rush
,b
lueg
rass
,an
dcl
ove
r.
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
NA
ND
EX
TE
NT
:S
ou
ther
nW
yo
min
gan
dno
rth
-cen
tral
Co
lora
do
.T
he
seri
esis
of
smal
lex
ten
t.
ML
RA
SO
ILS
UR
VE
YR
EG
ION
AL
OF
FIC
E(M
O)
RE
SP
ON
SIB
LE
:B
ozem
an,
Mo
nta
na
SE
RIE
SE
ST
AB
LIS
HE
D:
Gra
ndC
ou
nty
,Col
ora
do
;1
977
.
RE
MA
RK
S:
Dia
gno
stic
ho
rizo
nsan
dfe
atur
esre
cogn
ized
inth
ispe
don
are:
Och
ric
epip
edon
--0
to2
inch
es(A
)
Arg
illi
ch
ori
zon-
-5to
20in
ches
(Bt
and
Btk
)
Cal
cic
hor
izo
n--
14
to60
inch
es(B
tkan
dB
k)
Th
ese
soil
sha
vea
frig
idte
mpe
ratu
rere
gim
ean
dan
arid
icm
ois
ture
reg
ime
that
bo
rder
so
nan
usti
cre
gim
e
Nat
ion
alC
oop
erat
ive
So
ilS
urv
ey
U.S
.A.
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-D
AH
LQ
UIS
TS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/D
/DA
HL
QU
IST
.htm
l
3o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
LOCATIONREDROB
CO+WY
Est
abli
shed
Ser
ies
Rev
.GB
/JP
P
03/2
003
RE
DR
OB
SE
RIE
S
Th
eR
edro
bse
ries
con
sist
so
fve
ryd
eep
,so
mew
hat
po
orly
dra
ined
soil
sm
od
erat
ely
dee
pto
gra
vel
.R
edro
bso
ils
form
edin
mix
edal
luv
ium
on
low
terr
aces
and
flo
od
plai
ns
and
have
slo
pes
of
0to
6p
erce
nt.
Mea
nan
nu
alte
mp
erat
ure
isab
out
40
deg
rees
F.,
and
mea
nan
nua
lp
reci
pit
atio
nis
abo
ut
16in
ches
.
TA
XO
NO
MIC
CL
AS
S:
Fin
e-lo
amy
ove
rsa
nd
yor
san
dy
-sk
elet
al,m
ixed
,su
per
acti
ve,
calc
areo
us,
frig
idF
luv
aqu
enti
cE
ndo
aqu
olls
TY
PIC
AL
PE
DO
N:
Red
rob
loam
inn
ativ
era
nge
and
scat
tere
dst
ands
of
cott
on
wo
od
tree
s.(C
olo
rsar
efo
rd
ryso
ilu
nle
sso
ther
wis
est
ated
.)
A1-
-0to
4in
ches
;g
ray
ish
bro
wn
(10
YR
5/2
)lo
am,
dark
bro
wn
(10
YR
3/3
)m
ois
t;w
eak
coar
sep
laty
stru
ctu
rep
arti
ng
tom
oder
ate
fin
esu
ban
gul
ar
blo
cky
;sl
igh
tly
hard
,ver
yfr
iab
le,s
ligh
tly
stic
ky
;co
mm
on
ver
yfi
ne
and
fin
ero
ots
;fe
wve
ryfi
ne
tub
ula
rpo
res;
slig
htly
effe
rves
cen
t;sl
igh
tly
alka
lin
e;ab
rup
tsm
ooth
bo
und
ary.
(2to
6in
ches
thic
k)
A2-
-4to
17in
ches
;gr
ayis
hbr
own
(10Y
R5
/2)
loam
,ver
yd
ark
gra
yis
hbr
own
(10Y
R3/
2)
mo
ist;
mo
dera
tefi
ne
and
med
ium
sub
ang
ula
rb
lock
y
stru
ctu
re;
slig
htl
yh
ard
,fr
iab
le,
slig
htl
yp
last
ic;
com
mo
nv
ery
fin
ean
dfi
ne
root
s;fe
wv
ery
fin
etu
bu
lar
pore
s;st
ron
gly
effe
rves
cent
;sl
ight
ly
alka
lin
e;cl
ear
wav
yb
oun
dar
y.(6
to1
4in
ches
thic
k)
AC
g--
17
to3
5in
ches
;li
ght
brow
nis
hg
ray
(10Y
R6
/2)
stra
tifi
edlo
am,
san
dy
loam
and
loam
ysa
nd
,gra
yis
hb
row
n(1
0Y
R5
/2)
moi
st;
fain
t
vari
egat
edv
ery
dark
gra
yan
dda
rkb
row
nst
rata
(10
YR
3/1
and
3/3
)m
ois
t;co
mm
on
fin
ean
dm
ediu
mdi
stin
ctre
dox
feat
ure
so
fst
ron
gb
row
n
(7.5
YR
5/6
)an
dy
ello
wis
hb
row
n(1
0Y
R5
/6)
mo
ist;
mas
sive
;sl
igh
tly
hard
and
soft
,v
ery
fria
ble
;fe
wfi
ne
and
med
ium
roo
ts;
stro
ng
lyef
ferv
esce
nt;
slig
htly
alk
alin
e;cl
ear
wav
yb
ou
ndar
y.(1
0to
20
inch
esth
ick
)
2C--
35to
60
inch
es;
bro
wn
(10Y
R4
/3)
very
gra
vel
lylo
amy
sand
and
sand
,d
ark
gra
yish
bro
wn
(10
YR
4/2
)m
ois
t;fe
wm
ediu
md
isti
nct
redo
x
feat
ure
sof
stro
ngb
row
n(7
.5Y
R5
/6)
and
yell
ow
ish
bro
wn
(10
YR
5/6
)m
ois
t;4
5pe
rcen
tco
arse
peb
ble
s;n
eutr
al.
TY
PE
LO
CA
TIO
N:
Rio
Bla
nco
Co
unty
,C
olo
rad
o;1
50fe
etso
uth
and
73
0fe
etea
sto
fth
eN
Wco
rner
ofS
ec.
29,
T.1
N.,
R.9
3W
.U.S
.G.S
.
Rat
tles
nak
eM
esa
qu
ad.;
Lat
.40
deg
rees
,01
min
utes
,5
9se
con
dsN
.,an
dL
ong
.1
07d
egre
es,
51m
inu
tes,
17
seco
nd
sW
.
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-R
ED
RO
BS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.go
v/O
SD
_D
ocs
/R/R
ED
RO
B.h
tml
1o
f3
11/1
7/2
01
511
:21
AM
RA
NG
EIN
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S:
Mea
nan
nu
also
ilte
mp
erat
ure
ran
ges
fro
m4
0to
46
deg
rees
F.T
he
solu
mra
ng
esfr
om
15
to40
inch
esth
ick
over
the
2C
hor
izo
n.
Th
em
olli
cep
iped
onis
8to
20
inch
esth
ick
.Dep
thto
calc
areo
us
mat
eria
lra
nge
sfr
om
0to
6in
ches
.M
ott
les
ran
ge
fro
mfe
wto
man
y,fi
ne
tola
rge,
and
dis
tin
cto
rp
rom
inen
tab
ov
e40
inch
es.
Ro
ckfr
agm
ents
inth
eso
lum
ran
gefr
om
0to
25
per
cent
,an
din
som
epe
do
ns
they
may
hav
een
oug
hro
ckfr
agm
ents
tob
ea
gra
vel
lyty
pe.
Th
eup
per
par
tof
the
par
ticl
e-si
zeco
ntr
olse
ctio
nra
ng
esfr
om18
to2
7pe
rcen
tcl
ay,w
ith
fine
san
dan
dco
arse
rra
ngin
gfr
om15
to4
5pe
rcen
t.A
wat
erta
ble
flu
ctu
ates
wit
hin
the
2Ch
ori
zon
and
rise
sto
wit
hin
one
foo
tof
the
surf
ace
duri
ng
pea
ksp
rin
gru
nof
f.
Th
eA
hor
izo
nh
ash
ue
of
7.5
YR
thro
ug
h2.
5Y
,v
alu
eo
f4
or5
dry
,2
or3
mo
ist,
and
chro
ma
of
1o
r2
.It
issl
igh
tly
alk
alin
eo
rm
od
erat
ely
alk
alin
e.
Th
eA
Ch
ori
zon
has
hue
of
10
YR
or2
.5Y
,va
lue
of
3th
roug
h6
dry
,and
2th
rou
gh5
mo
ist.
Itis
stra
tifi
edlo
am,
san
dy
loam
and
loam
ysa
nd
.Th
is
hori
zon
issl
igh
tly
alk
alin
eo
rm
oder
atel
yal
kali
ne.
Th
e2
Ch
ori
zon
has
hue
of
10Y
Rth
rou
gh5
Y.
Ro
ckfr
agm
ents
rang
efr
om
35
to7
0pe
rcen
tan
dar
em
ain
lyp
ebb
les
bu
tin
clud
eso
me
cob
bles
and
a
few
sto
nes
.Th
ish
ori
zon
isn
eutr
alth
rou
ghm
od
erat
ely
alk
alin
e.
CO
MP
ET
ING
SE
RIE
S:
Th
ere
are
no
com
pet
ing
seri
esin
this
sub
gro
up
and
fam
ily
atpr
esen
t.
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICS
ET
TIN
G:
Red
rob
soil
sar
eon
low
terr
aces
and
flo
odp
lain
san
dh
ave
slo
pe
grad
ien
tso
f0
to6
per
cen
t.T
he
soil
sfo
rmed
in
mix
edal
luvi
um
fro
ma
vari
ety
ofso
urc
es.
Th
em
ean
annu
alte
mp
erat
ure
ran
ges
fro
m3
8to
44
deg
rees
F.,
and
the
mea
nan
nua
lp
reci
pit
atio
nra
ng
es
fro
m1
4to
18
inch
es.
Ele
vati
on
rang
esfr
om
5,8
00to
7,8
00
feet
.T
he
fro
st-f
ree
per
iod
is8
0to
105
day
s.In
Wy
omin
gan
nual
pre
cip
itat
ion
ran
ges
dow
nto
12
inch
es.
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICA
LL
YA
SS
OC
IAT
ED
SO
ILS
:T
hes
ear
eth
eS
haw
a,S
traw
,an
dV
and
aso
ils.
Sh
awa
and
Str
awso
ils
are
wel
ld
rain
edso
ils
on
hig
her
terr
ace
and
fan
pos
itio
ns
and
lack
asa
nd
yan
dg
rav
elly
2C
hor
izo
nw
ith
inth
ep
arti
cle-
size
cont
rol
sect
ion.
Van
da
soil
sla
cka
mo
llic
epip
edo
nan
da
hav
ea
fin
ep
arti
cle-
size
con
tro
lse
ctio
n.
DR
AIN
AG
EA
ND
PE
RM
EA
BIL
ITY
:S
om
ewh
atp
oorl
ydr
ain
ed;
slo
wo
rm
ediu
mru
no
ff;
mo
der
ate
perm
eabi
lity
inth
eso
lum
and
rap
idin
the
sub
stra
tum
.
US
EA
ND
VE
GE
TA
TIO
N:
Th
eso
ilis
use
dm
ain
lyfo
rh
ayp
rodu
ctio
n,
liv
esto
ckg
razi
ng
and
pas
ture
.S
mal
lar
eas
are
used
for
wil
dli
feh
abit
at.
Th
ev
eget
atio
nis
cott
on
woo
dtr
ees
and
anun
der
stor
yo
fw
este
rnw
hea
tgra
ss,s
edg
es,b
asin
wil
dry
e,sl
end
erw
hea
tgra
ss,r
edto
p,r
ose
s,ru
shes
and
wil
low
s.
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
NA
ND
EX
TE
NT
:R
edro
bso
ils
are
ofsm
all
exte
ntal
ong
maj
or
dra
inag
esin
nort
hw
este
rnC
olo
rad
oan
dad
jace
ntp
arts
of
Wyo
min
g.
ML
RA
SO
ILS
UR
VE
YR
EG
ION
AL
OF
FIC
E(M
O)
RE
SP
ON
SIB
LE
:B
ozem
an,
Mo
nta
na
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-R
ED
RO
BS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.go
v/O
SD
_D
ocs
/R/R
ED
RO
B.h
tml
2o
f3
11/1
7/2
01
511
:21
AM
SE
RIE
SE
ST
AB
LIS
HE
D:
Rio
Bla
nco
Co
unt
y,C
olo
rad
o,1
979
.
RE
MA
RK
S:
Th
isre
vis
ion
upd
ates
the
clas
sifi
cati
onfr
om
aF
luv
aqu
enti
cH
apla
qu
oll
toa
Flu
vaq
uent
icE
nd
oaq
uoll
.(1
99
2K
eys
toS
oil
Tax
on
om
y.)
Dia
gn
osti
cfe
atur
esin
clud
ea
mo
llic
epip
edon
fro
m0
to1
7in
ches
and
san
dy-
skel
etal
mat
eria
lat
35
inch
es.I
th
asst
rati
fica
tio
nin
the
17to
35
inch
lay
er,
red
oxfe
atu
res
inal
lla
yer
sb
elow
17
inch
es;
anir
reg
ula
rde
crea
sein
org
anic
carb
on
bel
ow
17
inch
es;
anaq
uic
mo
istu
rere
gim
e;
and
afr
igid
tem
pera
ture
reg
ime.
Las
tre
vis
edb
yth
est
ate
on
4/9
5.
Th
esu
per
acti
veca
tio
nex
chan
ge
acti
vit
ycl
ass
was
add
edin
03/
20
03to
the
taxo
no
mic
clas
sifi
cati
on
byth
eN
atio
nal
So
ilS
urve
yC
ente
ro
nre
que
st
ofth
eL
akew
ood
ML
RA
off
ice,
wit
ho
utre
vie
wof
the
soil
seri
esp
rope
rty
dat
a.T
he
rem
aind
ero
fth
isd
ocum
ent
has
not
bee
nu
pd
ated
.
Nat
ion
alC
oop
erat
ive
So
ilS
urv
ey
U.S
.A.
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-R
ED
RO
BS
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.go
v/O
SD
_D
ocs
/R/R
ED
RO
B.h
tml
3o
f3
11/1
7/2
01
511
:21
AM
LOCATIONSOUTHACE
WY
Est
abli
shed
Ser
ies
Rev
.PS
D
03/2
003
SO
UT
HA
CE
SE
RIE
S
Th
eS
outh
ace
seri
esco
nsi
sts
ofd
eep
,w
ell
dra
ined
soil
so
nu
pp
erfa
nap
ron
s,te
rrac
esl
opes
,an
dm
oun
tain
or
hil
lsl
op
es.
Th
eyfo
rmed
inca
lcar
eou
s
grav
elly
slo
pe
allu
viu
md
eriv
edfr
om
red
sed
imen
tary
rock
s.S
lop
esar
e1
to6
5pe
rcen
t.T
he
mea
nan
nua
lp
reci
pit
atio
nis
abo
ut
14
inch
es,
and
the
mea
nan
nu
alte
mp
erat
ure
isab
out
43d
egre
esF.
TA
XO
NO
MIC
CL
AS
S:
Lo
amy
-sk
elet
al,
mix
ed,s
up
erac
tive
,cal
care
ous
,fr
igid
Ust
icT
orri
ort
hen
ts
TY
PIC
AL
PE
DO
N:
So
uth
ace
gra
vel
lylo
am-r
ang
elan
d.(C
olo
rsar
efo
rd
ryso
ilu
nle
sso
ther
wis
est
ated
.)
A--
0to
4in
ches
;b
row
n(7
.5Y
R4
/4)
gra
vel
lylo
am,
dar
kbr
ow
n(7
.5Y
R3
/2)
mo
ist;
mod
erat
em
ediu
mg
ranu
lar
stru
ctu
re;
soft
,v
ery
fria
ble,
slig
htl
y
stic
ky
and
slig
htl
yp
last
ic;
few
fine
roo
ts;
slig
htl
yef
ferv
esce
nt,
lim
edi
ssem
inat
ed;
15
per
cent
peb
bles
and
5p
erce
nt
cobb
les;
mod
erat
ely
alka
lin
e
(pH
8.4
);cl
ear
smo
oth
bou
nda
ry.
(2to
6in
ches
thic
k)
C1-
-4to
9in
ches
;re
dd
ish
bro
wn
(5Y
R4
/4)
ver
yg
rav
elly
loam
,da
rkre
ddis
hb
row
n(5
YR
3/4
)m
ois
t;m
assi
ve;
slig
htl
yh
ard
,fr
iab
le,
slig
htl
yst
ick
y
and
slig
htl
yp
last
ic;
few
fin
ero
ots
;vi
ole
ntly
effe
rves
cen
t,li
me
dis
sem
inat
edan
das
com
mo
nso
ftm
asse
san
dfi
lam
ents
;2
5p
erce
ntp
ebb
les
and
10
perc
ent
cob
ble
;st
rong
lyal
kal
ine
(pH
8.6
);g
rad
ual
wav
ybo
un
dary
.(4
to1
5in
ches
thic
k)
C2-
-9to
40in
ches
;re
dd
ish
brow
n(5
YR
5/4
)v
ery
grav
elly
loam
,red
dis
hb
row
n(5
YR
4/4
)m
ois
t;m
assi
ve;
slig
htl
yh
ard
,fr
iab
le,
slig
htl
yst
ick
yan
d
slig
htly
pla
stic
;vi
ole
ntly
effe
rves
cen
t,li
me
dis
sem
inat
edan
das
com
mo
nso
ftm
asse
san
dfi
lam
ents
;3
5p
erce
ntp
ebbl
esan
d1
0p
erce
nt
cob
ble
s;
stro
ng
lyal
kali
ne
(pH
8.6
);g
radu
alw
avy
bo
und
ary.
(20
to4
0in
ches
thic
k)
C3-
-40
to6
0in
ches
;re
ddi
shb
row
n(5
YR
5/4
)ve
ryco
bb
lylo
am,
red
dis
hbr
own
(5Y
R4
/4)
mo
ist;
mas
sive
;sl
igh
tly
hard
,fr
iab
le,
slig
htly
stic
kyan
d
slig
htly
pla
stic
;vi
ole
ntly
effe
rves
cen
t,li
me
dis
sem
inat
edan
das
com
mo
nso
ftm
asse
s;3
0pe
rcen
tp
ebb
les
and
25p
erce
nt
cobb
les;
stro
ngly
alk
alin
e
(pH
8.6
).
TY
PE
LO
CA
TIO
N:
Sw
eetw
ater
Cou
nty
,W
yom
ing
;5
00
feet
sou
tho
fth
ece
nte
ro
fse
c.17
,T
.1
2N
.,R
.1
04W
.
RA
NG
EIN
CH
AR
AC
TE
RIS
TIC
S:
The
mea
nan
nual
soil
tem
per
atur
eis
41
to46
deg
rees
F.,
and
the
mea
nsu
mm
erte
mp
erat
ure
is5
9to
63
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-S
OU
TH
AC
ES
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/S
/SO
UT
HA
CE
.htm
l
1o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
degr
ees
F.T
hes
eso
ils
are
typ
ical
lyca
lcar
eou
sto
the
surf
ace,
but
som
epe
don
sar
ele
ach
eda
few
inch
esin
the
surf
ace
ho
rizo
n.T
he
par
ticl
e-si
ze
cont
rol
sect
ion
has
am
atri
xte
xtu
reo
flo
amo
rsa
nd
ylo
amw
ith
10
to27
per
cen
tcl
ay.
Co
arse
frag
men
tsar
eh
igh
lyv
aria
ble
and
rang
efr
om
35to
80
perc
ent
peb
ble
s,co
bb
les,
and
sto
nes.
Eit
her
clas
sm
aydo
min
ate
or
beu
nif
orm
lym
ixed
.
Th
eA
hor
izo
nh
ash
ue
of
10Y
Rth
roug
h5Y
R,v
alu
eof
4th
rou
gh
6d
ry,
3o
r4
moi
st,a
nd
chro
ma
of
3th
rou
gh6
.It
ism
ild
lyal
kal
ine
or
mo
der
atel
y
alka
lin
e.
Th
eC
ho
rizo
nh
ash
ueo
f7
.5Y
Ror
5Y
R,
val
ueo
f4
thro
ug
h6
dry
,3
thro
ugh
5m
ois
t,an
dch
rom
ao
f2
thro
ug
h6
.C
arb
on
ates
rang
efr
om4
to14
perc
ent.
Th
ese
greg
atio
ns
of
carb
on
ate
app
ear
tob
ea
resu
ltof
the
wet
tin
gcy
cles
inv
olv
edw
hen
the
mat
eria
lw
asla
idd
ow
nan
dn
ota
resu
lto
f
pedo
gen
etic
dev
elo
pmen
t.It
ism
oder
atel
yal
kal
ine
or
stro
ngly
alk
alin
e.
CO
MP
ET
ING
SE
RIE
S:
Th
ese
are
the
Arm
ells
,C
olh
ill,
Gro
but
te,
and
Gro
tte
seri
es.
Th
eA
rmel
lsso
ils
form
edin
mat
eria
lsw
eath
ered
from
bak
ed
shal
e.T
heC
olh
ill,
Gro
butt
e,an
dG
rott
eso
ils
hav
eh
ue
of1
0Y
Ro
r2
.5Y
thro
ug
hou
tth
eco
ntr
ol
sect
ion
.
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICS
ET
TIN
G:
So
uth
ace
soil
sar
eo
nu
pper
fan
apro
ns,
terr
ace
slo
pes
,and
mo
un
tain
or
hill
slop
es.
The
yfo
rmed
insk
elet
al,
calc
areo
us
slo
peal
luvi
um
and
sedi
men
tsde
riv
edfr
om
red
sed
imen
tary
rock
.S
lop
esar
e1
to65
per
cen
t.E
lev
atio
ns
ran
gefr
om
7,3
00
to8
,50
0fe
et.
Th
em
ean
annu
alpr
ecip
itat
ion
ran
ges
from
10to
16
inch
eso
fw
hic
hab
ou
tha
lffa
lls
assn
ow
or
rain
inA
pril
,M
ay,a
ndea
rly
Jun
e.T
hem
ean
annu
al
tem
per
atu
reis
abo
ut
40
to4
5d
egre
esF.
Th
efr
ost
-fre
ese
ason
isab
ou
t6
0to
90
day
s.
GE
OG
RA
PH
ICA
LL
YA
SS
OC
IAT
ED
SO
ILS
:T
hes
ear
eth
eD
ahlq
uis
t,T
eem
at,
and
the
com
pet
ing
Gro
bu
tte
seri
es.
Dah
lqui
stso
ils
hav
ear
gil
lic
hori
zon
s.T
he
Tee
mat
soil
sh
ave
mol
lic
epip
edon
s,ar
eco
ole
r,an
do
ccu
ron
mor
en
ort
hfa
cing
slo
pes
.
DR
AIN
AG
EA
ND
PE
RM
EA
BIL
ITY
:W
ell
dra
ined
;m
ediu
mto
rap
idru
noff
;m
oder
atel
yra
pid
or
mo
der
ate
per
mea
bil
ity.
US
EA
ND
VE
GE
TA
TIO
N:
Ran
gel
and
and
wil
dli
feha
bit
at.
Nat
ive
veg
etat
ion
cons
ists
of
blu
ebun
chw
heat
gra
ss,
big
sag
ebru
sh,
wes
tern
or
thic
ksp
ike
whe
atg
rass
,se
rvic
eber
ry,
and
bla
cksa
geb
rush
.
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
NA
ND
EX
TE
NT
:S
ou
thw
este
rnW
yom
ing
and
no
rth
wes
tern
Co
lora
do
.T
he
seri
esis
of
lim
ited
exte
nt.
ML
RA
SO
ILS
UR
VE
YR
EG
ION
AL
OF
FIC
E(M
O)
RE
SP
ON
SIB
LE
:B
ozem
an,
Mo
nta
na
SE
RIE
SE
ST
AB
LIS
HE
D:
Asp
en-G
ypsu
mA
rea,
Co
lora
do;
198
2.
RE
MA
RK
S:
Th
esu
per
acti
veca
tio
nex
chan
ge
acti
vit
ycl
ass
was
add
edin
03/
20
03to
the
taxo
no
mic
clas
sifi
cati
on
byth
eN
atio
nal
So
ilS
urve
yC
ente
ro
nre
que
st
ofth
eR
eno
ML
RA
off
ice,
wit
ho
ut
rev
iew
ofth
eso
ilse
ries
pro
per
tyd
ata.
Th
ere
mai
nde
ro
fth
isd
ocu
men
th
asn
otb
een
upd
ated
.
Nat
ion
alC
oop
erat
ive
So
ilS
urv
ey
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-S
OU
TH
AC
ES
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/S
/SO
UT
HA
CE
.htm
l
2o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
U.S
.A.
Off
icia
lS
erie
sD
escr
ipti
on
-S
OU
TH
AC
ES
erie
sh
ttp
s://
soil
seri
es.s
c.eg
ov.
usd
a.g
ov/
OS
D_
Do
cs/S
/SO
UT
HA
CE
.htm
l
3o
f3
12/2
7/2
015
12:
09
PM
Appendix D
Photos
Photographic DocumentationCarbondale Nature Park Wetland Delineation
Garfield County, Colorado
Ryan SparhawkNorth Carolina State UniversityWetland Soils SSC 570
2015
Photo: 1
Description:Photo looking Southeastshowing upland andwetland transition.
Photo: 2
Description:View of upland plotlooking North.
Photographic DocumentationCarbondale Nature Park Wetland Delineation
Garfield County, Colorado
Ryan SparhawkNorth Carolina State UniversityWetland Soils SSC 570
2015
Photo: 3
Description:View of Upland plotlooking Southwest.
Photo: 4
Description:Photo of upland soils pitand groundwater table at28 inches below soilsurface.
Photographic DocumentationCarbondale Nature Park Wetland Delineation
Garfield County, Colorado
Ryan SparhawkNorth Carolina State UniversityWetland Soils SSC 570
2015
Photo: 5
Description:View of wetlands arealooking Southwest.
Photo: 6
Description:View of wetlands plot inPhalaris arundinacea (reedcanarygrass).
Photographic DocumentationCarbondale Nature Park Wetland Delineation
Garfield County, Colorado
Ryan SparhawkNorth Carolina State UniversityWetland Soils SSC 570
2015
Photo: 7
Description:Photo of wetland soils pit.
Figure 1
Carbondale Nature Park
Site Overview Map
Copyright:© 2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Copyright:© 2013National Geographic Society, i-cubed
November 2015Figure 1Site Overview Map
Carbondale Nature Park
filepa
th &
data
& use
r
Nature Park Boundary²0 0.5 10.25
Miles
Figure 2
NRCS Soil
Survey Map
SP-1 (upland)SP-2 (wetland)
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics,CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
November 2015Figure 2Soil Map
Carbondale Nature Park
Test Pit LocationWetlandSurvey AreaNature Park Boundary
Soil TypeAtencio-Azeltine complex, 3 to 6 percent slopesDahlquist-Southace complex, 25 to 50 percent slopeRedrob loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes
²0 250 500125
Feet
Figure 3
Wetland Delineation Map
SP-1 (upland)
SP-2 (wetland)
Copyright:© 2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Source: Esri,DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA,USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GISUser Community
November 2015Figure 3Wetlands Map
Carbondale Nature ParkTest Pit LocationWetlandSurvey AreaNature Park Boundary
²0 50 10025
Feet
