Westward Expansion/Indian Removal

SS8H5

Creeks

• a loose “confederation” of many tribes

• Lived in the southeastern region of Georgia

• Traded and intermarried with Georgians

• Treaty of New York= Creeks gave up land East of Mississippi River

• Against slavery

Red Stick War

• Civil War between “Red Sticks” and “White Sticks”

• White Sticks= sided with Georgians• Red Sticks= hostile towards Georgians• General Andrew Jackson helped to defeat Red

Sticks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend• Lost 22million acres of land (the rest was sold

to GA by Chief William McIntosh)

William McIntosh

• Creek Chief (Creek and Scottish)

• Took at bribe from US Gov’t and sold Creek land (Second Treaty of Indian Springs)

• Was executed by Creeks in his own home for selling the land

Alexander McGillivray

• Creek Chief (Creek and Scottish)• Signed many treaties with GA and the US to

try to keep Creek land and maintain peace

Cherokee

• Lived in North Georgia • Transformed their culture to mimic US• Had a written language, newspaper, and

constitution• Had slavery and plantations• Eventually removed from land due to gold

found in Dahlonega (Trail of Tears)

Sequoyah

• A.K.A George Gist• Rejected US society and

way of life• Created Cherokee

Syllabary: Cherokee written alphabet/language

• 1st Cherokee Newspaper: Cherokee Phoenix

Cherokee Phoenix

John Ross

• Principal chief of Cherokee Tribe• Mixed heritage• Successful businessman and plantation owner• Fought against removal of Cherokee from GA

Worcester v. Georgia• Worcester v. Georgia (1832).– Chief Justice Marshall’s Supreme Court sided

with the Cherokees. (disagreed with President Jackson)

– Ruled Indian tribes had authority over their own lands, Georgia had no right to extend state laws over Indian territory.

– Result: Missionaries living on Cherokee land did not have to say “oath of allegiance” to the US Gov’t