Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny

Manifest DestinyAmerica’s Natural Destiny FateTo expand into Texas and continue

to control all of the land to the Pacific Ocean

Ordained by GodJohn L. O’Sullivan

3 Areas

Texas

California

Oregon

6 Reasons for Manifest Destiny

1. Business = new Pacific ports 2. Expand farming = more new land 3. Immigrants arrive & need more land 4. Create new markets for goods 5. Depression of 1837 – new start 6. Spread the idea of freedom & democracy

Development of Texas

Farmers, Traders Welcomed

Mexico welcomes Americans

Mexico encourages trade along the Santa Fe Trail.

Problems:

Protection from savage Indians, Comanches, Apaches, Navajos, and Utes

Americans are welcomed if they will obey Mexican law and follow the Roman Catholic religion

Settlement of Texas

Stephen Austin accepts their offer300 families get 13,000 acres of

land for farming, grazing, ranchingMost settlers were Southern &

brought slaves.

Problems Arise

Mexicans close the border in 1830 but lacked the military to enforce this closure

Settlers were mostly Protestant, spoke only English, & ignored Mexican law which forbade slavery

Americans push to extend the boundary to Rio Grande River

More Problems

Number of Americans swells1835 = 1000 Americans a month 1836 = 30,000 Americans

4,000 Mexicans5,000 slaves

Independence

Ask for the right to have an separate state within the Mexican Union.

Texas is declared an independent state

Sam Houston

Texan Leader: imprisoned for 18 months after asking for Independence for Texas

Santa Anna & the Alamo

the leading villain of Texas history

http://www.thealamo.org/index.html

The Alamo: a small mission in San Antonio

The Defenders = 200 Slaughtered

Davy Crockett and the Alamo By thealamofilm.com

May 2, 2005, 05:34

The Attackers =

Brutal Response =

The Burning 13 days

Before the battle, Santa Anna

ordered that a red flag be raised indicating to the defenders that no quarter would be given. Several defenders who had not been killed in battle were captured and executed. Among its defenders were James Bowie (the leader of the militia forces), Crockett and Travis. About two dozen women and children and two slaves at the Alamo, named Ben and Jim, were released.

Remember the Alamo!!!!

Houston & troops surprise Santa Anna later

Kill half of Santa Anna’s Men

Take Santa Anna as Prisoner

Force a Peace Treaty giving Texas it’s independence.

Texas

Sam Houston is named PresidentFrance and Britain recognize Texas

as an independent state.

Lone Star State

Lone Star State

Creates a small navy & army

Texas is annexed into the U.S

28th state December 29, 1845

Austin

James K. Polk

Who is James k. Polk? For Annexation of Texas Wanted Oregon Territory Hail to the Chief.

Henry Clay

Whig Party “Glorious Henry Clay”

Lost New York…

Immigrants, especially Irish wanted expansion to the West..

Oregon

54/ 40 or Fight

Oregon Northern Boundary The Brits agree. Vancouver Island to Brits. Independent Treasury.

California

21 Missions Polk wants to buy it!

1853 Gadsden Purchase

Completes the border of the Continental U.S.

War on Mexico

$2 million is owed to Americans Alamo & Goliad Massacre Rio Grande is the Boundary

Taylor & Troops stay on Border

Of Corpus Christie & begged for an attack.

“American blood has been shed on American Soil”.

Justify the war.

Mexicans outnumber Americans

But disorganized. American weapons are better. New Mexico & California come into

American hands.

$15 million paid for: 1.2 million sq. miles

California, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming.

Wilmot Proviso: No slavery in

This new territory!!

Henry Clay: Great Compromise

He is near death. It is his finest hour. Spoke for 2 days in

1850. It is the last important speech of his life.

Clay’s Bill covers everything.

But would be defeated as one huge package.

Stephen Douglas divided it -

Successfully AdoptedCompromise of 1850

Calhoun dies

South Carolina

Supporter of the Southern Lifestyle

Webster & Clay also die.

Great Orator

People believe that peace &

Harmony would reign in our fine, free country.

Sectional Strife appears over.