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Westward Expansion. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states The average family had five children !!. 50 Years Later…. Push Factors. “THE MOTIVATION” What causes people to leave?. Push Factors to the West. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Westward Expansion
In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states
By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states–The average family had five children !!
50 Years Later…
Push Factors
“THE MOTIVATION”
What causes people to leave?
Push Factors to the WestOvercrowding (you need a new place to live)
Need for jobs (displaced workers)
Ethnic/Religious repression
Refuge for outlaws
Push Factors
Think about . . .
What “pushed” you out of bed today?
Pull Factors
“THE INSPIRATION”
What leads people to a particular area?
Land (cheap and plentiful)(you want a new place to live)Riches (gold, silver, later oil)Freedom of religion/beliefs
Family connectionsJobs and new opportunities
Adventure!
Or maybe to find love ??
Pull Factors
Think about this . . .
What “pulled” you to SS today?
Incentives to go west included:The Pacific Railways Act–granted railroad company’s 10 square
miles on either side of each track laid west
Morrill-Land Grants– land grants from states to educational
facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts
– (Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)
Incentives to go west included:
Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria:
• American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household
• Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year
• Farmed the land for 5 years or more
Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west?
A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..
…. God, …, clearly wanted hard–working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”
It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”
John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.
Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?
What were some of the issues preventing western expansion?
Financially ExpensiveLong JourneyUncharted TerritoryFear of the UnknownClimate and GeographyNative AmericansForeign Claims to the Land
If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it?
WarPurchaseTheftTradeLand Grants
Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?
on steam powered boats
Wagon Trains
On Horseback
Stagecoach
Locomotive
Most often – WALKING!!!
Transcontinental Railroad
Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast
2 Companies1. Central Pacific Railroad2. Union Pacific Railroad
Central Pacific Railroad
Moved east out of Sacramento, CAUsed Chinese Immigrants to lay track
Union Pacific Railroad
Moved west out of Omaha, NBUsed Irish Immigrants to lay track
Transcontinental Railroad
Took 7yrs to completeMay 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spikeTime Zone were then created to keep trains on time.
Exodusters
Groups of African Am. moved west.Led by Benjamin “Pap” SingletonGet away from harsh treatment
Exodusters
Where did they get their name?
BIBLE – Book of Exodus
FarmingHarsh ConditionsDry Farming – crops that don’t need much waterBonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop
MiningGold & Silver strikes all over the westMining towns scattered all over west – mostly men
MiningPlacer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it.Once metals gone towns became ghost towns
Cattle IndustryGrowing pop. = demand for more beef
Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?
Cattle IndustryLong Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centersCowboys helped move cattle
Cattle IndustryFarmers against cattle drivesBarbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive
Populist PartyCreated by Farm and Labor Leaders
Populist PartyIncrease circulation of $Unlimited printing of silverProgressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income
Populist PartyGov’t control of communication & transportation8 hour work day
Problems for Western Settlers
Drinking Water – collected rain water–“Prairie Fever” or TyphoidSolution: Dig Wells–DANGEROUS!
Problems for Western Settlers
Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to themWomen find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles
Native American Wars
1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes to the west of the MS River (Oklahoma) Trail of TearsCherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole
Native American Wars
Many Tribes signed land treatiesThey were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes
Native American Wars
Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 yearsApache were forced onto reservationsGeronimo – famous Apache leader
Native American Wars
Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp450 men, women, & children were killed in the raidCheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later
Native American Wars
First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their landSioux attacked the
men killing 80.
Native American Wars
Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory1875 US gov’t violated the treaty Allowed gold miners on the land
Native American Wars
Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation.Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7th Cavalry; was set after Sioux
Native American Wars
Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribesCol. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle
Native American Wars
In response – gov’t floods region w/ troopsEventually Sioux returned to res.
Native American Wars
Massacre at Wounded Knee – after Sitting Bull’s death; followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance7th Cav. sent – killed 200 unarmed Sioux
Extinction of the Buffalo
Railroad – killed to feed workersSettlers – killed for hides/funGov’t – killed them to starve out Native Am.Population rebounded
Dawes Act
Gave plots of land to Native Am familiesLand not good for farmingNot interested in farmingAssimilation of Native Americans to white culture.
Indian Territory
Present Day OklahomaGov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites in a raceApril 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims
Indian Territory
Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legallySooner – settler who marked land before the race
illegally
Western Legends
Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry
Western Legends
Dime Novels – fictional western stories about real people
Western Legends
Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system
Western Legends
Deadwood DickNat LoveAfrican Am cowboy & rodeo star
Western Legends
Jesse JamesLed gang w/ broRobbed banks & trains
Western Legends
Billy the KidWilliam BoneyHired GunStole Cattle
Western Legends
Butch CassidyLed Wild BunchRobbed banks & trains
Western Legends
Sundance KidHenry LaughaboughButch Cassidy’s partner
Western Legends
Doc HolidayJohn HoldiayDentist turned gamblerGunfight @ OK Corral
Western Legends
Wyatt EarpUS MarshallDoc’s friendGunfight @ OK Corral
Western Legends
Bat MastersonTown SherriffFriend of Wyatt Earp
Western Legends
Wild Bill HickockJames HickockTown SherriffKilled playing poker
Western Legends
Buffalo BillBill CodyArmy ScoutShowman
Western Legends
Annie OakleyExpert markswomenPart of Buffalo Bill’s show
Western Legends
Calamity JaneMartha Jane CannaryArmy Scout